Articles | Volume 17, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-147-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-147-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Jan 2021
Research article |
| 19 Jan 2021
| 19 Jan 2021
Accuracy assessment of global internal-tide models using satellite altimetry
Loren Carrere
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CLS, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, 31450, France
Brian K. Arbic
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Brian Dushaw
independent researcher: Girona, 17004, Spain
Gary Egbert
Department Geology and Geophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
OR 97331-5503, USA
Svetlana Erofeeva
Department Geology and Geophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
OR 97331-5503, USA
Florent Lyard
LEGOS-OMP laboratory, Toulouse, 31401, France
Richard D. Ray
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Clément Ubelmann
Ocean Next, La Terrasse, 38660, France
Edward Zaron
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State
University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
Zhongxiang Zhao
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Jay F. Shriver
Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
Maarten Cornelis Buijsman
Division of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi,
Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
Nicolas Picot
CNES, Toulouse, 31400, France
Related authors
Michel Tchilibou, Loren Carrere, Florent Lyard, Clément Ubelmann, Gérald Dibarboure, Edward D. Zaron, and Brian K. Arbic
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1857, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1857, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study is based on sea level observations along the swaths of the new SWOT altimetry mission during its Calibration / Validation period. Internal tides are characterised off the Amazon shelf in the tropical Atlantic. SWOT observes internal tides over a wide range of spatial scales and highlights structures between 50–2 km, which are very intense and difficult to predict. Compared to the reference used to correct the altimetry data, the internal tide derived from SWOT performs very well.
Clément Ubelmann, Loren Carrere, Chloé Durand, Gérald Dibarboure, Yannice Faugère, Maxime Ballarotta, Frédéric Briol, and Florent Lyard
Ocean Sci., 18, 469–481, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The signature of internal tides has become an important component for high-resolution altimetry over oceans. Several studies have proposed some solutions to resolve part of these internal tides based on the altimetry record. Following these studies, we propose here a new inversion approach aimed to mitigate aliasing with other dynamics. After a description of the methodology, the solution for the main tidal components has been successfully validated against independent observations.
Simon Barbot, Florent Lyard, Michel Tchilibou, and Loren Carrere
Ocean Sci., 17, 1563–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1563-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1563-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Internal tides are responsible for surface deformations of the ocean that could affect the measurements of the forthcoming SWOT altimetric mission and need to be corrected. This study highlights the variability of the properties of internal tides based on the stratification variability only. A single methodology is successfully applied in two areas driven by different oceanic processes: the western equatorial Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay.
Florent H. Lyard, Damien J. Allain, Mathilde Cancet, Loren Carrère, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 17, 615–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Since the mid-1990s, a series of FES (finite element solution) global ocean tidal atlases has been produced with the primary objective to provide altimetry missions with a tidal de-aliasing correction. We describe the underlying hydrodynamic/data assimilation design and accuracy assessments for the FES2014 release. The FES2014 atlas shows overall improved performance and has consequently been integrated in satellite altimetry and gravimetric data processing and adopted in ITRF standards.
Graham D. Quartly, Jean-François Legeais, Michaël Ablain, Lionel Zawadzki, M. Joana Fernandes, Sergei Rudenko, Loren Carrère, Pablo Nilo García, Paolo Cipollini, Ole B. Andersen, Jean-Christophe Poisson, Sabrina Mbajon Njiche, Anny Cazenave, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 557–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-557-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-557-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We have produced an improved monthly record of mean sea level for 1993–2015. It is developed by careful processing of the records from nine satellite altimeter missions, making use of the best available orbits, instrumental corrections and geophysical corrections. This paper details the selection process and the processing method. The data are suitable for investigation of sea level changes at scales from seasonal to long-term sea level rise, including interannual variations due to El Niño.
Loren Carrere, Yannice Faugère, and Michaël Ablain
Ocean Sci., 12, 825–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-825-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-825-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
New dynamic atmospheric (DAC_ERA) and dry tropospheric (DT_ERA) correction have been computed for the altimeter period using the ERA-Interim meteorological reanalysis. The corrections improve sea level estimations in Southern Ocean and in shallow waters; the impact is the most important for the first decade of altimetry, when operational meteorological models had a weaker quality. DT_ERA remains better in the recent period. New corrections significantly impact long-term regional trends.
Michel Tchilibou, Loren Carrere, Florent Lyard, Clément Ubelmann, Gérald Dibarboure, Edward D. Zaron, and Brian K. Arbic
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1857, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1857, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study is based on sea level observations along the swaths of the new SWOT altimetry mission during its Calibration / Validation period. Internal tides are characterised off the Amazon shelf in the tropical Atlantic. SWOT observes internal tides over a wide range of spatial scales and highlights structures between 50–2 km, which are very intense and difficult to predict. Compared to the reference used to correct the altimetry data, the internal tide derived from SWOT performs very well.
Gerald Dibarboure, Cécile Anadon, Frédéric Briol, Emeline Cadier, Robin Chevrier, Antoine Delepoulle, Yannice Faugère, Alice Laloue, Rosemary Morrow, Nicolas Picot, Pierre Prandi, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Matthias Raynal, Anaelle Treboutte, and Clément Ubelmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1501, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission delivers unprecedented swath altimetry products. In this paper, we describe how we extended the Level-3 algorithms to handle SWOT’s unique swath-altimeter data. We also illustrate and discuss the benefits, relevance, and limitations of Level-3 swath-altimeter products for various research domains.
Harpreet Kaur, Maarten C. Buijsman, Zhongxiang Zhao, and Jay F. Shriver
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1032, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1032, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the seasonal variability in internal tide sea surface height in a global model simulation. We also compare this with altimetry and the seasonal variability in the internal tide energy terms. Georges Bank and the Arabian Sea show the strongest seasonal variability. This study also reveals that sea surface height may not be the most accurate indicator of the true seasonal variability of the internal tides because it is modulated by the seasonal variability in stratification.
Florian Le Guillou, Lucile Gaultier, Maxime Ballarotta, Sammy Metref, Clément Ubelmann, Emmanuel Cosme, and Marie-Helène Rio
Ocean Sci., 19, 1517–1527, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Altimetry provides sea surface height (SSH) data along one-dimensional tracks. For many applications, the tracks are interpolated in space and time to provide gridded SSH maps. The operational SSH gridded products filter out the small-scale signals measured on the tracks. This paper evaluates the performances of a recently implemented dynamical method to retrieve the small-scale signals from real SSH data. We show a net improvement in the quality of SSH maps when compared to independent data.
Arne Bendinger, Sophie Cravatte, Lionel Gourdeau, Laurent Brodeau, Aurélie Albert, Michel Tchilibou, Florent Lyard, and Clément Vic
Ocean Sci., 19, 1315–1338, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1315-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1315-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New Caledonia is a hot spot of internal-tide generation due to complex bathymetry. Regional modeling quantifies the coherent internal tide and shows that most energy is converted in shallow waters and on very steep slopes. The region is a challenge for observability of balanced dynamics due to strong internal-tide sea surface height (SSH) signatures at similar wavelengths. Correcting the SSH for the coherent internal tide may increase the observability of balanced motion to < 100 km.
Zhongxiang Zhao
Ocean Sci., 19, 1067–1082, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1067-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1067-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite altimetry provides a unique technique for observing the sea surface height (SSH) signature of internal tides from space. The advances in mapping technique, combined with the accumulation of satellite altimetry data, make it possible to construct empirical models for minor internal tide constituents. This paper demonstrates that N2 internal tides, the fifth largest tidal constituent, are observed using 100 satellite years of SSH data from 1993 to 2019 by a new mapping procedure.
Gaspard Geoffroy, Jonas Nycander, Maarten C. Buijsman, Jay F. Shriver, and Brian K. Arbic
Ocean Sci., 19, 811–835, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-811-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-811-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean state is sensitive to the mixing originating from internal tides (ITs). To date, our knowledge of the magnitude and spatial distribution of this mixing mostly relies on uncertain modeling. Here, we use novel observations from autonomous floats to validate the spatial variability in the semidiurnal IT in a realistic ocean simulation. The numerical simulation is found to correctly reproduce the main spatial patterns of the observed tidal energy but to be biased low at the global scale.
Oscar Vergara, Rosemary Morrow, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Gérald Dibarboure, and Clément Ubelmann
Ocean Sci., 19, 363–379, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-363-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-363-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Recent advances allow us to observe the ocean from space with increasingly higher detail, challenging our knowledge of the ocean's surface height signature. We use a statistical approach to determine the spatial scale at which the sea surface height signal is no longer dominated by geostrophic turbulence but in turn becomes dominated by wave-type motions. This information helps us to better use the data provided by ocean-observing satellites and to gain knowledge on climate-driving processes.
Nairita Pal, Kristin N. Barton, Mark R. Petersen, Steven R. Brus, Darren Engwirda, Brian K. Arbic, Andrew F. Roberts, Joannes J. Westerink, and Damrongsak Wirasaet
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1297–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1297-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1297-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding tides is essential to accurately predict ocean currents. Over the next several decades coastal processes such as flooding and erosion will be severely impacted due to climate change. Tides affect currents along the coastal regions the most. In this paper we show the results of implementing tides in a global ocean model known as MPAS–Ocean. We also show how Antarctic ice shelf cavities affect global tides. Our work points towards future research with tide–ice interactions.
Maxime Ballarotta, Clément Ubelmann, Pierre Veillard, Pierre Prandi, Hélène Etienne, Sandrine Mulet, Yannice Faugère, Gérald Dibarboure, Rosemary Morrow, and Nicolas Picot
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 295–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-295-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-295-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new gridded sea surface height and current dataset produced by combining observations from nadir altimeters and drifting buoys. This product is based on a multiscale and multivariate mapping approach that offers the possibility to improve the physical content of gridded products by combining the data from various platforms and resolving a broader spectrum of ocean surface dynamic than in the current operational mapping system. A quality assessment of this new product is presented.
Edward D. Zaron, Tonia A. Capuano, and Ariane Koch-Larrouy
Ocean Sci., 19, 43–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-43-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-43-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton in the upper ocean are food for fish and are thus economically important to humans; furthermore, phytoplankton consume nutrients and generate oxygen by photosynthesis, just like plants on land. Vertical mixing in the ocean is responsible for transporting nutrients into the sunlit zone of the surface ocean. We used remotely sensed data to quantify the influence of tidal mixing on phytoplankton through an analysis of ocean color, which we interpret as chlorophyll concentration.
Michel Tchilibou, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, Simon Barbot, Florent Lyard, Yves Morel, Julien Jouanno, and Rosemary Morrow
Ocean Sci., 18, 1591–1618, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1591-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1591-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This high-resolution model-based study investigates the variability in the generation, propagation, and sea height signature (SSH) of the internal tide off the Amazon shelf during two contrasted seasons. ITs propagate further north during the season characterized by weak currents and mesoscale eddies and a shallow and strong pycnocline. IT imprints on SSH dominate those of the geostrophic motion for horizontal scales below 200 km; moreover, the SSH is mainly incoherent below 70 km.
Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Stéphanie Dupuy, Oscar Vergara, Antonio Sánchez-Román, Yannice Faugère, Pierre Prandi, Mei-Ling Dabat, Quentin Dagneaux, Marine Lievin, Emeline Cadier, Gérald Dibarboure, and Nicolas Picot
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-292, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-292, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
An altimeter sea level along-track level-3 product with a 5 Hz (~1.2 km) sampling is proposed. It takes advantage of recent advances in radar altimeter processing, and improvements made to different stages of the processing chain. Compared to the conventional 1 Hz (~7 km) product, it significantly improves the observability of the short wavelength signal in open ocean and near coast areas (> 5 km). It also contributes to improving high resolution numerical model outputs via data assimilation.
Takaya Uchida, Julien Le Sommer, Charles Stern, Ryan P. Abernathey, Chris Holdgraf, Aurélie Albert, Laurent Brodeau, Eric P. Chassignet, Xiaobiao Xu, Jonathan Gula, Guillaume Roullet, Nikolay Koldunov, Sergey Danilov, Qiang Wang, Dimitris Menemenlis, Clément Bricaud, Brian K. Arbic, Jay F. Shriver, Fangli Qiao, Bin Xiao, Arne Biastoch, René Schubert, Baylor Fox-Kemper, William K. Dewar, and Alan Wallcraft
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 5829–5856, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5829-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5829-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean and climate scientists have used numerical simulations as a tool to examine the ocean and climate system since the 1970s. Since then, owing to the continuous increase in computational power and advances in numerical methods, we have been able to simulate increasing complex phenomena. However, the fidelity of the simulations in representing the phenomena remains a core issue in the ocean science community. Here we propose a cloud-based framework to inter-compare and assess such simulations.
Richard D. Ray
Ocean Sci., 18, 1073–1079, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1073-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1073-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal variability of the M2 ocean tide can be detected at many ports. The physical mechanisms underlying seasonality, in the broadest terms, are astronomical, frictional–advective interactions, and climate processes. Some of these induce annual modulations, some semiannual, in amplitude, phase, or both. This note reviews how this occurs and gives an example from each broad category. Phase conventions and their relationship with causal mechanisms, as well as nomenclature, are also addressed.
Clément Ubelmann, Loren Carrere, Chloé Durand, Gérald Dibarboure, Yannice Faugère, Maxime Ballarotta, Frédéric Briol, and Florent Lyard
Ocean Sci., 18, 469–481, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The signature of internal tides has become an important component for high-resolution altimetry over oceans. Several studies have proposed some solutions to resolve part of these internal tides based on the altimetry record. Following these studies, we propose here a new inversion approach aimed to mitigate aliasing with other dynamics. After a description of the methodology, the solution for the main tidal components has been successfully validated against independent observations.
Simon Barbot, Florent Lyard, Michel Tchilibou, and Loren Carrere
Ocean Sci., 17, 1563–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1563-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1563-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Internal tides are responsible for surface deformations of the ocean that could affect the measurements of the forthcoming SWOT altimetric mission and need to be corrected. This study highlights the variability of the properties of internal tides based on the stratification variability only. A single methodology is successfully applied in two areas driven by different oceanic processes: the western equatorial Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay.
Yi Gong, Haibin Song, Zhongxiang Zhao, Yongxian Guan, Kun Zhang, Yunyan Kuang, and Wenhao Fan
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 28, 445–465, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-445-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-445-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
When the internal solitary wave propagates to the continental shelf and slope, the polarity reverses due to the shallower water depth. In this process, the internal solitary wave dissipates energy and enhances diapycnal mixing, thus affecting the local oceanic environment. In this study, we used reflection seismic data to evaluate the spatial distribution of the diapycnal mixing around the polarity-reversing internal solitary waves.
Philip L. Woodworth, J. A. Mattias Green, Richard D. Ray, and John M. Huthnance
Ocean Sci., 17, 809–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This special issue marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Liverpool Tidal Institute (LTI). The preface gives a history of the LTI founding and of its first two directors. It also gives an overview of LTI research on tides. Summaries are given of the 26 papers in the special issue. Their topics could be thought of as providing a continuation of the research first undertaken at the LTI. They provide an interesting snapshot of work on tides now being made by groups around the world.
Sandrine Mulet, Marie-Hélène Rio, Hélène Etienne, Camilia Artana, Mathilde Cancet, Gérald Dibarboure, Hui Feng, Romain Husson, Nicolas Picot, Christine Provost, and P. Ted Strub
Ocean Sci., 17, 789–808, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-789-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-789-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite altimetry has revolutionized ocean observation by allowing the sea level to be monitored with very good spatiotemporal coverage. However, only the sea level anomalies are retrieved; to monitor the whole oceanic signal a temporal mean (called mean dynamic topography, MDT) must be added to these anomalies. In this study we present the newly updated CNES-CLS18 MDT. An evaluation of this new solution shows significant improvements in both strong currents and coastal areas.
Florent H. Lyard, Damien J. Allain, Mathilde Cancet, Loren Carrère, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 17, 615–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Since the mid-1990s, a series of FES (finite element solution) global ocean tidal atlases has been produced with the primary objective to provide altimetry missions with a tidal de-aliasing correction. We describe the underlying hydrodynamic/data assimilation design and accuracy assessments for the FES2014 release. The FES2014 atlas shows overall improved performance and has consequently been integrated in satellite altimetry and gravimetric data processing and adopted in ITRF standards.
Michel Tchilibou, Lionel Gourdeau, Florent Lyard, Rosemary Morrow, Ariane Koch Larrouy, Damien Allain, and Bughsin Djath
Ocean Sci., 16, 615–635, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-615-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-615-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper focuses on internal tides in the marginal Solomon Sea where LLWBCs transit. The objective is to characterize such internal tides and to give some insights into their impacts on water mass transformation in this area of interest for the global circulation. Results are discussed for two contrasted ENSO conditions with different mesoscale activity and stratification. Such study is motivated by the next altimetric SWOT mission that will be able to observe such phenomena.
Violaine Piton, Marine Herrmann, Florent Lyard, Patrick Marsaleix, Thomas Duhaut, Damien Allain, and Sylvain Ouillon
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 1583–1607, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1583-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1583-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Consequences of tidal dynamics on hydro-sedimentary processes are a recurrent issue in estuarine and coastal processes studies, and accurate tidal solutions are a prerequisite for modeling sediment transport. This study presents the implementation and optimization of a model configuration in terms of bathymetry and bottom friction and assess the influence of these parameters on tidal solutions, in a macro-tidal environment: the Gulf of Tonkin (Vietnam).
Edward D. Zaron
Ocean Sci., 15, 1287–1305, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1287-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1287-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean forecasting systems predict ocean water level, but the accuracy of predictions varies as a function of the forecast lead time and the dynamics causing water level variability. This study investigates the accuracy of predictions of tidal water levels in the AMSEAS forecast system, with emphasis on the small (roughly 5 cm) fluctuations associated with the baroclinic tide.
Maxime Ballarotta, Clément Ubelmann, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Guillaume Taburet, Florent Fournier, Jean-François Legeais, Yannice Faugère, Antoine Delepoulle, Dudley Chelton, Gérald Dibarboure, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 15, 1091–1109, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1091-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1091-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the resolving capabilities of the DUACS gridded products delivered through the CMEMS catalogue. Our method is based on the noise-to-signal ratio approach. While altimeter along-track data resolve scales on the order of a few tens of kilometers, we found that the merging of these along-track data into continuous maps in time and space leads to effective resolution ranging from ~ 800 km wavelength at the Equator to 100 km wavelength at high latitude.
Michaël Ablain, Benoît Meyssignac, Lionel Zawadzki, Rémi Jugier, Aurélien Ribes, Giorgio Spada, Jerôme Benveniste, Anny Cazenave, and Nicolas Picot
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1189–1202, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1189-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1189-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A description of the uncertainties in the Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) record has been performed; 25 years of satellite altimetry data were used to estimate the error variance–covariance matrix for the GMSL record to derive its confidence envelope. Then a least square approach was used to estimate the GMSL trend and acceleration uncertainties over any time periods. A GMSL trend of 3.35 ± 0.4 mm/yr and a GMSL acceleration of 0.12 ± 0.07 mm/yr² have been found within a 90 % confidence level.
Michel Tchilibou, Lionel Gourdeau, Rosemary Morrow, Guillaume Serazin, Bughsin Djath, and Florent Lyard
Ocean Sci., 14, 1283–1301, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1283-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1283-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is motivated by the next SWOT altimetric mission dedicated to the observation of mesoscale and submesoscale oceanic features. It focuses on tropical areas with a strong discrepancy in the spectral signature between altimetry and models. The paper reviews the spectral signature of tropical turbulence which presents a rich variety of phenomena depending on the latitudinal dependence of the Coriolis force. Internal tides observed by altimetry explain the discrepancy with the model.
Graham D. Quartly, Jean-François Legeais, Michaël Ablain, Lionel Zawadzki, M. Joana Fernandes, Sergei Rudenko, Loren Carrère, Pablo Nilo García, Paolo Cipollini, Ole B. Andersen, Jean-Christophe Poisson, Sabrina Mbajon Njiche, Anny Cazenave, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 557–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-557-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-557-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We have produced an improved monthly record of mean sea level for 1993–2015. It is developed by careful processing of the records from nine satellite altimeter missions, making use of the best available orbits, instrumental corrections and geophysical corrections. This paper details the selection process and the processing method. The data are suitable for investigation of sea level changes at scales from seasonal to long-term sea level rise, including interannual variations due to El Niño.
David E. Cartwright, Philip L. Woodworth, and Richard D. Ray
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 8, 9–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-8-9-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-8-9-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper discusses an historical record of the ocean tide made by the astronomer Manuel Johnson (a future President of the Royal Astronomical Society) at St. Helena in 1826–27. It describes how the measurements were made using a tide gauge of an unusual design, which recorded the heights of the high and low tides well, although information on their times were not so accurate. Johnson’s work is not well known. One objective of the present research was to make his measurements more accessible.
Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Yannice Faugère, Guillaume Taburet, Stéphanie Dupuy, Camille Pelloquin, Michael Ablain, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 12, 1067–1090, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1067-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1067-2016, 2016
Loren Carrere, Yannice Faugère, and Michaël Ablain
Ocean Sci., 12, 825–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-825-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-825-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
New dynamic atmospheric (DAC_ERA) and dry tropospheric (DT_ERA) correction have been computed for the altimeter period using the ERA-Interim meteorological reanalysis. The corrections improve sea level estimations in Southern Ocean and in shallow waters; the impact is the most important for the first decade of altimetry, when operational meteorological models had a weaker quality. DT_ERA remains better in the recent period. New corrections significantly impact long-term regional trends.
Lionel Zawadzki, Michaël Ablain, Loren Carrere, Richard D. Ray, Nikita P. Zelensky, Florent Lyard, Amandine Guillot, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2016-19, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2016-19, 2016
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Mean sea level (MSL) is a prominent indicator of climatic change, and is therefore of great scientific and societal interest. Since the beginning of the altimeter mission TOPEX/Poseidon and its successors Jason-1 and Jason-2, MSL products became essential for climate applications. Since 1995, a suspicious signal is apparent in the corresponding MSL record. Since 2010, scientific teams have been working on reducing this error. This paper assesses, characterizes and quantifies this reduction.
J. M. Magalhaes, J. C. B. da Silva, M. C. Buijsman, and C. A. E. Garcia
Ocean Sci., 12, 243–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-243-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-243-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite imagery reveals intense internal solitary waves (ISWs) seen hundreds of kilometres from the Amazon shelf and extending for 500 km into the open ocean (propagating above 3 m/s, amongst the fastest ever recorded). Seasonality is discussed in light of the North Equatorial Counter Current, and a late disintegration of the internal tide (IT) is investigated based on climatological data. A late disintegration of the IT may explain other ISW observations in the world’s oceans.
M. Ablain, A. Cazenave, G. Larnicol, M. Balmaseda, P. Cipollini, Y. Faugère, M. J. Fernandes, O. Henry, J. A. Johannessen, P. Knudsen, O. Andersen, J. Legeais, B. Meyssignac, N. Picot, M. Roca, S. Rudenko, M. G. Scharffenberg, D. Stammer, G. Timms, and J. Benveniste
Ocean Sci., 11, 67–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-67-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-67-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents various respective data improvements achieved within the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) project on sea level during its first phase (2010-2013), using multi-mission satellite altimetry data over the 1993-2010 time span.
C. Maraldi, J. Chanut, B. Levier, N. Ayoub, P. De Mey, G. Reffray, F. Lyard, S. Cailleau, M. Drévillon, E. A. Fanjul, M. G. Sotillo, P. Marsaleix, and the Mercator Research and Development Team
Ocean Sci., 9, 745–771, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-745-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-745-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Ablain M., Legeais, J. F., Prandi, P., Fenoglio-Marc, L., Marcos, M., Benveniste,
J., and Cazenave, A.: Altimetry-based sea level, global and regional, Surv.
Geophys., 38, 7–31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-016-9389-8, 2016.
Ansong, J. K., Arbic, B. K., Buijsman, M. C., Richman, J. G., Shriver, J. F., and
Wallcraft, A. J.: Indirect evidence for substantial damping of low-mode
internal tides in the open ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 120, 6057–6071,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010998, 2015.
Antonov, J. I., Seidov, D., Boyer, T. P., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Garcia, H.
E., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M., and Johnson, D. R.: World Ocean Atlas 2009, Vol. 2, Salinity, edited by: Levitus, S., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 69, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 184 pp., 2010.
AVISO: Archiving Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic
data, available at: https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/products/sea-surface-height-products/global/along-track-sea-level-anomalies-l2p.html, last access: 17 December 2020.
Barbot, S., Lyard, F., Tchilibou, M., and Carrere, L.: The dependency of internal
tidal waves on stratification temporal variability, in preparation, 2020.
Buijsman, M. C., Arbic, B. K., Richman, J. G., Shriver, J. F., Wallcraft, A. J., and Zamudio, L.: Semidiurnal internal tide incoherence in the equatorial
Pacific, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 5286–5305, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012590,
2017.
Buijsman, M. C., Stephenson, G. R., Ansong, J. K., Arbic, B. K., Green, J. A. M.,Richman, J. G., Shriver, J. F., Vic, C., Wallcraft, A. J., and Zhao, Z.: On the
interplay between horizontal resolution and wave drag and their effect on
tidal baroclinic mode waves in realistic global ocean simulations, Ocean
Model., 152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101656,
2020.
Carrere, L. and Lyard, F.: Modeling the barotropic response of the global ocean to atmospheric wind and pressure forcing-comparisons with observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 8-1–8-4, 2003.
Carrere, L., Le Provost, C., and Lyard, F.: On the statistical stability of
the M2 barotropic and baroclinic tidal characteristics from along-track
TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 109, C03033,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC001873, 2004.
Carrere, L., Lyard, F., Cancet, M., Guillot, A., and Picot, N.: FES 2014, a new tidal
model – Validation results and perspectives for improvements, ESA Living Planet Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, 2016a.
Carrere, L., Faugère, Y., and Ablain, M.: Major improvement of altimetry sea level estimations using pressure-derived corrections based on ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis, Ocean Sci., 12, 825–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-825-2016, 2016b.
Chelton, D. B., Deszoeke, R. A., Schlax, M. G., El Naggar, K., and Siwertz, N.:
Geographical variability of the first baroclinic Rossby radius of
deformation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 433–460, 1998.
Dushaw, B. D.: Mapping low-mode internal tides near Hawaii using
TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 911–914. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013944, 2002.
Dushaw, B. D.: Mode-1 internal tides in the western North Atlantic, Deep-Sea
Res., 53, 449–473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2005.12.009, 2006.
Dushaw, B. D.: An Empirical Model for Mode-1 Internal Tides Derived from
Satellite Altimetry: Computing Accurate Tidal Predictions at Arbitrary
Points over the World Oceans, Technical Memorandum APL-UW TM, available at: http://www.apl.washington.edu/project/projects/tm_1-15/pdfs/tm_1_15.pdf (last access: 17 December 2020), 2015.
Dushaw, B. D., Worcester, P. F., Cornuelle, B. D., Howe, B. M., and Luther, D. S.: Baroclinic and barotropic tides in the central North Pacific Ocean
determined from long-range reciprocal acoustic transmissions, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 25, 631–647, 1995.
Dushaw, B. D., Worcester, P. F., and Dzieciuch, M. A.: On the predictability
of mode-1 internal tides, Deep-Sea Res., 58, 677–698, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.04.002, 2011.
Dushaw, B. D., Gaillard, F., and Terre, T.: Acoustic tomography in the Canary
Basin: Meddies and tides, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 8983–9003, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013356, 2017.
Egbert, G. D. and Erofeeva, S. Y.: Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic
ocean tides, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 183–204, 2002.
Egbert, G. D. and Erofeeva, S. Y.: Mapping M2 Internal Tides Using a
Data-Assimilative Reduced Gravity Mode, AGU Fall Meeting, 2014AGUFMOS43F..01E, 2014.
Egbert, G. D. and Ray, R. D.: Significant dissipation of tidal energy in the deep ocean inferred from satellite altimeter data, Nature, 15, 6788, https://doi.org/10.1038/35015531, 2000.
Escudier, P., Couhert, A., Mercier, F., Mallet, A., Thibaut, P., Tran, N., Amarouche, L., Picard, B., Carrere, L., Dibarboure,
G., Ablain, M., Richard, J., Steunou, N., Dubois, P., Rio, M.-H., and Dorandeu, J.:
Satellite Radar Altimetry – Principle, Accuracy, and Precision, in: Satellite Altimetry Over Oceans and Land Surfaces, edited by: Stammer, D.
and Cazenave, A., 1st Edn., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 643 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315151779, 2017.
Faugère, Y., Durand, C., Carrere, L., Ubelmann, C., Ballarotta, M., and Dibarboure, G.: Impact of internal tide correction on the DUACS maps accuracy, available at: https://meetings.aviso.altimetry.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/2019/TID_01_DUACS_IT_Impact-Faugere.pdf (last access: 17 December 2020), 2019.
Griffiths, S. D. and Grimshaw, R. H. J.: Internal Tide Generation at the
Continental Shelf Modeled Using a Modal Decomposition: Two-Dimensional
Results, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 428–451, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO3068.1, 2007.
Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Garcia, H. E., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M, and Johnson, D. R.: World Ocean Atlas 2009, Vol. 1,
Temperature, in: NOAA Atlas NESDIS 68, edited by: Levitus, S., U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA, 184 pp., 2010.
Luecke, C.A., Arbic, B. K., Bassette, S. L., Richman, J.,G., Shriver, J. F., Alford, M. H., Smedstad, O. M., Timko, P. G., Trossman, D. S., and Wallcraft, A. J.: The
global mesoscale eddy available potential energy field in models and
observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 9126–9143,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013136, 2017.
Lyard, F., Lefevre, F., Letellier, T., and Francis, O.: Modelling the global
ocean tides: Modern insights from FES2004, Ocean Dyn., 56, 394–415, 2006.
Lyard, F. H., Allain, D. J., Cancet, M., Carrere, L., and Picot, N.: FES2014 global ocean tides atlas: design and performances, Ocean Sciences Discussions, 1–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-96, 2020.
Ngodock, H. E., Souopgui, I., Wallcraft, A. J., Richman, J. G., Shriver, J. F., and Arbic, B. K.: On improving the accuracy of the M2 barotropic tides
embedded in a high-resolution global ocean circulation model, Ocean
Model., 97, 16–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.10.011, 2016.
Nugroho D.: the tides in a general circulation model in the Indonesian Seas,
PhD thesis, Uuniversité de Toulouse, UT3 Paul Sabatier, France, 226 pp., 2017.
Pujol, M.-I., Faugère, Y., Taburet, G., Dupuy, S., Pelloquin, C., Ablain, M., and Picot, N.: DUACS DT2014: the new multi-mission altimeter data set reprocessed over 20 years, Ocean Sci., 12, 1067–1090, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1067-2016, 2016.
Quartly, G. D., Legeais, J.-F., Ablain, M., Zawadzki, L., Fernandes, M. J., Rudenko, S., Carrère, L., García, P. N., Cipollini, P., Andersen, O. B., Poisson, J.-C., Mbajon Njiche, S., Cazenave, A., and Benveniste, J.: A new phase in the production of quality-controlled sea level data, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 557–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-557-2017, 2017.
Rainville, L. and Pinkel, R.: Propagation of Low-Mode Internal Waves through
the Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 1220–1236, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2889.1, 2006.
Ray, R. D.: Precise comparisons of bottom-pressure and altimetric ocean
tides, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 4570–4584, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20336,
2013.
Ray, R. D., and Mitchum, G. T.: Surface manifestation of internal tides in
the deep ocean: Observations from altimetry and island gauges, Prog.
Oceanogr., 40, 135–162, 1997.
Ray, R. D. and Zaron, E. D.: M2 Internal Tides and Their Observed Wavenumber
Spectra from Satellite Altimetry, J. Phys. Oc., 46, 3–22, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-15-0065.1, 2016.
Schaeffer P., Faugere, Y., Legeais, J.F., Picot, N., and Bronner, E.: The
CNES_tCLS11 Global Mean Sea Surface computed from 16 years of
satellite altimeter data, Mar. Geod., 35, 3–19, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490419.2012.718231, 2012.
Shriver, J. F., Richman, J. G., and Arbic, B. K.: How stationary are the
internal tides in a high-resolution global ocean circulation model?, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 119, 2769–2787, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009423, 2014.
Shum C. K., Woodworth, P. L., Andersen, O. B., Egbert, G. D., Francis, O., King, C., Klosko, S. M., Le Provost, C., Li, X., Molines, J.-M., Parke. M. E., Ray, R. D., Schlax, M. G., Stammer, D., Tiemey, C. C., Vincent, P., and Wunsch, C. I.:
Accuracy assessment of recent ocean tide models, JGR Oceans, 102194, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC00445, 1997.
Smith, W. H. F. and Sandwell, D. T.: Global seafloor topographyfrom satellite
altimetry and 313 ship depth soundings, Science, 277, 1957–1962, 1997.
Stammer, D., Ray, R. D., Andersen, O. B., Arbic, B. K., Bosch, W., Carrere, L., Cheng, Y., Chinn, D. S., Dushaw, B. D., Egbert, G. D., Erofeeva, S. Y., Fok, H. S., Green, J. A. M., Griffiths, S., King, M. A., Lapin, V., Lemoine, F. G., Luthcke, S. B., Lyard, F., Morison, J., Müller, M., Padman, L., Richman, J. G., Shriver, J. F., Shum, C. K., Taguchi, E., and Yi, Y.: Accuracy assessment of global
barotropic ocean tide models, Rev. Geophys., 52, 243–282,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014RG000450, 2014.
Taburet, G., Sanchez-Roman, A., Ballarotta, M., Pujol, M.-I., Legeais, J.-F., Fournier, F., Faugere, Y., and Dibarboure, G.: DUACS DT2018: 25 years of reprocessed sea level altimetry products, Ocean Sci., 15, 1207–1224, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1207-2019, 2019.
Tailleux, R. and McWilliams, J. C.: The effect of bottom pressure decoupling on the
speed of extratropical, baroclinic Rossby waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31,
1461–1476, 2001.
Zaron, E. D.: Mapping the nonstationary internal tide with satellite
altimetry, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 539–554, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012487, 2017.
Zaron, E. D.: Baroclinic Tidal Sea Level from Exact-Repeat Mission
Altimetry, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 49, 193–210, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-18-0127.1, 2019.
Zaron, E. D. and Ray, R. D.: Aliased Tidal Variability in Mesoscale Sea Level
Anomaly Maps, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 35, 2421–2435,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0089.1, 2018.
Zhao, Z.: Mapping Internal Tides From Satellite Altimetry Without Blind
Directions, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 124, 8605–8625,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015507, 2019a.
Zhao, Z.: Temporal variability of the mode-1 M2 internal tide, Chicago OSTST meeting, available at: https://meetings.aviso.altimetry.fr/programs/2019-ostst-complete-program.html (last access: 21–25 October 2020), 2019b.
Zhao, Z., Alford, M. H., and Girton, J. B.: Mapping low-mode internal tides
from multisatellite altimetry, Oceanography, 25, 42–51, 2012.
Short summary
Internal tides can have a signature of several centimeters at the ocean surface and need to be corrected from altimeter measurements. We present a detailed validation of several internal-tide models using existing satellite altimeter databases. The analysis focuses on the main diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents. Results show the interest of the methodology proposed, the quality of the internal-tide models tested and their positive contribution for estimating an accurate sea level.
Internal tides can have a signature of several centimeters at the ocean surface and need to be...
