Overall, this work provides the community with guidelines on how to achieve accurate (e.g., difference ~0.02 relative to validation samples), rapid (e.g., <1 minute per measurement) and long-term (e.g., 6-month) pH measurements, while balancing power requirements, by combining two complementary pH sensing technologies. We present a data correction method to account for sensor signal drift and demonstrate this in a challenging (i.e., significant biofouling) shallow water field deployment.

In this paper, heights of moored oceanographic instrumentation are determined from high-resolution temperature data. Unfortunately pressure-corrected data could not be used from near-homogeneous conditions due to short-term electronic drift. Instead, a satisfactory height determination was found during relatively strong stratification and large turbulence activity. By using turbulence data across a strong temperature gradient, significant height variations were detectable to within ±0.2 m.

Oceanographic profiles comprise measurements of variables across depths. Here, a method is presented to calculate the correlation between profiling datasets by quantifying profile shape variability. This enables dependencies between multiple variables, and spatial or temporal changes in a single variable, to be described. Two case studies demonstrate the method using profiling data from a stationary mooring and drifting floats.

This article provides best practices for estimating an ocean turbulence parameter, epsilon, from velocity measurements. Improper data handling can lead to significant errors in the estimated mixing, propagating into estimates of heat transfers, salt, dissolved gases, and nutrients. The article explains how to process velocity datasets using benchmark datasets from different instruments and platforms in varied ocean environments. The datasets allow users to test their processing algorithms.

Coastal planners need to know the the risk of coastal flooding so that sea defences can be sited appropriately. The author has developed a novel technique which analyses tide gauge data, estimating the risk versus the height of sea-defences required. A comparison with results of a UK Environment Agency 2011 study shows good agreement. The new approach is simpler to automate than the method used in that study, and can improve strategies for coastal management and resilience planning.

The ocean is one of the main reservoirs of carbon dioxide (CO₂) on Earth's surface, so it plays an important role in modulating the climate. In this paper, we propose an update to how dissolved CO₂ in seawater is determined from laboratory data, which can sometimes improve the accuracy of these measurements.

This study shows a new method for mapping coralligenous bioconstructions using high-resolution acoustic data. The protocol integrates bathymetry, backscatter, and geomorphological indices, providing detailed information on the spatial and volumetric distribution of benthic habitats. This approach offers valuable insights for monitoring and conserving Mediterranean ecosystems, with potential applications in understanding habitat structure and guiding future conservation actions.

Estimation of particulate organic carbon (POC) relies on proxies like the particulate backscattering coefficient (b_bp) derived from BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats and satellite data. BGC-Argo floats provide global insights into vertical bio-optical dynamics. This study integrates Sentinel-3 OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) data and machine learning approaches to improve b_bp estimates in the top 250 m of the water column. The results differ based on the dynamics of the study areas.