This paper presents a timely and significant refinement to the prevailing narrative that global warming universally suppresses marine phytoplankton biomass. By comparing five marginal seas with contrasting hydrodynamic connectivity and anthropogenic nutrient loads, the authors demonstrate that the Chl‑a response to rising SST is not uniform but varies between open basins and enclosed basins, and varies with terrestrial nutrient retention. The study warns that if warming intensifies and nutrient inputs decline further, the suppressive effect of climate change may encroach upon coastal waters.

Atlantic water masses are particularly interesting, not only regionally, but also for the global ocean, due to the vital status of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the global climate. This study presents quantitative assessments of water mass age characteristics and ventilation time scales through an analysis using the transient tracers chlorofluorocarbon‑12 (CFC‑12), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and argon‑39 (39Ar). The age analysis reveals significant basin‑scale asymmetries, with western basins exhibiting younger ages compared to eastern counterparts. This integrated age framework provides novel insights into water mass ventilation dynamics and their biogeochemical implications through quantitative characterization of temporal‑spatial age distributions across different oceanographic provinces.