Articles | Volume 20, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1051-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1051-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Aug 2024
Research article |
| 29 Aug 2024
| 29 Aug 2024
The characteristics of tides and their effects on the general circulation of the Mediterranean Sea
Bethany McDonagh
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CMCC Foundation – Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Bologna, Italy
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Emanuela Clementi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CMCC Foundation – Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Bologna, Italy
Anna Chiara Goglio
CMCC Foundation – Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Bologna, Italy
Nadia Pinardi
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Related authors
No articles found.
Salvatore Causio, Seimur Shirinov, Ivan Federico, Giovanni De Cillis, Emanuela Clementi, Lorenzo Mentaschi, and Giovanni Coppini
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3517, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3517, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how waves and ocean currents interact during severe weather, focusing on Medicane Ianos, one of the strongest storms in the Mediterranean. Using advanced modeling, we created a unique system to simulate these interactions, capturing effects like changes in water levels and wind impact on waves. We validated our approach with ideal tests and real data from the storm.
Jennifer Veitch, Enrique Alvarez-Fanjul, Arthur Capet, Stefania Ciliberti, Mauro Cirano, Emanuela Clementi, Fraser Davidson, Ghada el Sarafy, Guilherme Franz, Patrick Hogan, Sudheer Joseph, Svitlana Liubartseva, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Heather Regan, and Katerina Spanoudaki
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-22, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-22, 2024
Preprint under review for SP
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean forecast systems provide information about a future state of the ocean. This information is provided in the form of decision support tools, or downstream applications, that can be accessed by various stakeholders to support livelihoods, coastal resilience, as well as the good governance of the marine environment. This manuscript provides an overview of the various downstream applications of ocean forecast systems that are utilised around the world.
José A. Jiménez, Gundula Winter, Antonio Bonaduce, Michael Depuydt, Giulia Galluccio, Bart van den Hurk, H. E. Markus Meier, Nadia Pinardi, Lavinia G. Pomarico, and Natalia Vazquez Riveiros
State Planet, 3-slre1, 3, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-3-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-3-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Knowledge Hub on Sea Level Rise (SLR) has done a scoping study involving stakeholders from government and academia to identify gaps and needs in SLR information, impacts, and policies across Europe. Gaps in regional SLR projections and uncertainties were found, while concerns were raised about shoreline erosion and emerging problems like saltwater intrusion and ineffective adaptation plans. The need for improved communication to make better decisions on SLR adaptation was highlighted.
Nadia Pinardi, Bart van den Hurk, Michael Depuydt, Thorsten Kiefer, Petra Manderscheid, Lavinia Giulia Pomarico, and Kanika Singh
State Planet, 3-slre1, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-2-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-2-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Knowledge Hub on Sea Level Rise (KH-SLR), a joint effort between JPI Climate and JPI Oceans, addresses the critical need for science-based information on sea level changes in Europe. The KH-SLR actively involves stakeholders through a co-design process discussing the impacts, adaptation planning, and policy requirements related to SLR in Europe. Its primary output is the KH Assessment Report (KH-AR), which is described in this volume.
Bart van den Hurk, Nadia Pinardi, Alexander Bisaro, Giulia Galluccio, José A. Jiménez, Kate Larkin, Angélique Melet, Lavinia Giulia Pomarico, Kristin Richter, Kanika Singh, Roderik van de Wal, and Gundula Winter
State Planet, 3-slre1, 1, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Summary for Policymakers compiles findings from “Sea Level Rise in Europe: 1st Assessment Report of the Knowledge Hub on Sea Level Rise”. It covers knowledge gaps, observations, projections, impacts, adaptation measures, decision-making principles, and governance challenges. It provides information for each European basin (Mediterranean, Black Sea, North Sea, Baltic Sea, Atlantic, and Arctic) and aims to assist policymakers in enhancing the preparedness of European coasts for sea level rise.
Mauro Cirano, Enrique Alvarez-Fanjul, Arthur Capet, Stefania Ciliberti, Emanuela Clementi, Boris Dewitte, Matias Dinápoli, Ghada El Serafy, Patrick Hogan, Sudheer Joseph, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Ivonne Montes, Diego Narvaez, Heather Regan, Claudia G. Simionato, Clemente A. S. Tanajura, Pramod Thupaki, Claudia Urbano-Latorre, and Jennifer Veitch
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-26, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-26, 2024
Preprint under review for SP
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting the ocean state in support of human activities, environmental monitoring and policymaking across different regions worldwide is fundamental. The status of operational ocean forecasting systems (OOFS) in 8 key regions worldwide is provided. A discussion follows on the numerical strategy and available OOFS, pointing out the straightness and the ways forward to improve the essential ocean variables predictability from regional to coastal scales, products reliability and accuracy.
Ronan McAdam, Giulia Bonino, Emanuela Clementi, and Simona Masina
State Planet, 4-osr8, 13, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the summer of 2022, a regional short-term forecasting system was able to predict the onset, spread, peaks, and decay of a record-breaking marine heatwave in the Mediterranean Sea up to 10 d in advance. Satellite data show that the event was record-breaking in terms of basin-wide intensity and duration. This study demonstrates the potential of state-of-the-art forecasting systems to provide early warning of marine heatwaves for marine activities (e.g. conservation and aquaculture).
Anna Teruzzi, Ali Aydogdu, Carolina Amadio, Emanuela Clementi, Simone Colella, Valeria Di Biagio, Massimiliano Drudi, Claudia Fanelli, Laura Feudale, Alessandro Grandi, Pietro Miraglio, Andrea Pisano, Jenny Pistoia, Marco Reale, Stefano Salon, Gianluca Volpe, and Gianpiero Cossarini
State Planet, 4-osr8, 15, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-15-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-15-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A noticeable cold spell occurred in Eastern Europe at the beginning of 2022 and was the main driver of intense deep-water formation and the associated transport of nutrients to the surface. Southeast of Crete, the availability of both light and nutrients in the surface layer stimulated an anomalous phytoplankton bloom. In the area, chlorophyll concentration (a proxy for bloom intensity) and primary production were considerably higher than usual, suggesting possible impacts on fishery catches.
Karina von Schuckmann, Lorena Moreira, Mathilde Cancet, Flora Gues, Emmanuelle Autret, Ali Aydogdu, Lluis Castrillo, Daniele Ciani, Andrea Cipollone, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Alvaro de Pascual-Collar, Vincenzo De Toma, Marion Gehlen, Rianne Giesen, Marie Drevillon, Claudia Fanelli, Kevin Hodges, Simon Jandt-Scheelke, Eric Jansen, Melanie Juza, Ioanna Karagali, Priidik Lagemaa, Vidar Lien, Leonardo Lima, Vladyslav Lyubartsev, Ilja Maljutenko, Simona Masina, Ronan McAdam, Pietro Miraglio, Helen Morrison, Tabea Rebekka Panteleit, Andrea Pisano, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Urmas Raudsepp, Roshin Raj, Ad Stoffelen, Simon Van Gennip, Pierre Veillard, and Chunxue Yang
State Planet, 4-osr8, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-2-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-2-2024, 2024
Roberta Benincasa, Giovanni Liguori, Nadia Pinardi, and Hans von Storch
Ocean Sci., 20, 1003–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1003-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1003-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean dynamics result from the interplay of internal processes and external inputs, primarily from the atmosphere. It is crucial to discern between these factors to gauge the ocean's intrinsic predictability and to be able to attribute a signal under study to either external factors or internal variability. Employing a simple analysis, we successfully characterized this variability in the Mediterranean Sea and compared it with the oceanic response induced by atmospheric conditions.
Siren Rühs, Ton van den Bremer, Emanuela Clementi, Michael C. Denes, Aimie Moulin, and Erik van Sebille
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1002, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1002, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Simulating the transport of floating particles on the ocean surface is crucial for solving many societal issues. Here, we investigate how the representation of wind-generated surface waves impacts particle transport simulations. We find that different wave-driven processes can alter the transport patterns, and that commonly adopted approximations are not always adequate. This implies that ideally coupled ocean-wave models should be used for surface particle transport simulations.
Giulia Bonino, Giuliano Galimberti, Simona Masina, Ronan McAdam, and Emanuela Clementi
Ocean Sci., 20, 417–432, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-417-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-417-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study employs machine learning to predict marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Mediterranean Sea. MHWs have far-reaching impacts on society and ecosystems. Using data from ESA and ECMWF, the research develops accurate prediction models for sea surface temperature (SST) and MHWs across the region. Notably, machine learning methods outperform existing forecasting systems, showing promise in early MHW predictions. The study also highlights the importance of solar radiation as a predictor of SST.
Skyler Kern, Mary E. McGuinn, Katherine M. Smith, Nadia Pinardi, Kyle E. Niemeyer, Nicole S. Lovenduski, and Peter E. Hamlington
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 621–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Computational models are used to simulate the behavior of marine ecosystems. The models often have unknown parameters that need to be calibrated to accurately represent observational data. Here, we propose a novel approach to simultaneously determine a large set of parameters for a one-dimensional model of a marine ecosystem in the surface ocean at two contrasting sites. By utilizing global and local optimization techniques, we estimate many parameters in a computationally efficient manner.
Giovanni Coppini, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Stefano Salon, Gerasimos Korres, Michalis Ravdas, Rita Lecci, Jenny Pistoia, Anna Chiara Goglio, Massimiliano Drudi, Alessandro Grandi, Ali Aydogdu, Romain Escudier, Andrea Cipollone, Vladyslav Lyubartsev, Antonio Mariani, Sergio Cretì, Francesco Palermo, Matteo Scuro, Simona Masina, Nadia Pinardi, Antonio Navarra, Damiano Delrosso, Anna Teruzzi, Valeria Di Biagio, Giorgio Bolzon, Laura Feudale, Gianluca Coidessa, Carolina Amadio, Alberto Brosich, Arnau Miró, Eva Alvarez, Paolo Lazzari, Cosimo Solidoro, Charikleia Oikonomou, and Anna Zacharioudaki
Ocean Sci., 19, 1483–1516, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1483-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1483-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the Mediterranean Forecasting System evolution and performance developed in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Service.
Ali Aydogdu, Pietro Miraglio, Romain Escudier, Emanuela Clementi, and Simona Masina
State Planet, 1-osr7, 6, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-6-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-6-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the salt content, salinity anomaly and trend in the Mediterranean Sea using observational and reanalysis products. The salt content increases overall, while negative salinity anomalies appear in the western basin, especially around the upwelling regions. There is a large spread in the salinity estimates that is reduced with the emergence of the Argo profilers.
Stefania A. Ciliberti, Enrique Alvarez Fanjul, Jay Pearlman, Kirsten Wilmer-Becker, Pierre Bahurel, Fabrice Ardhuin, Alain Arnaud, Mike Bell, Segolene Berthou, Laurent Bertino, Arthur Capet, Eric Chassignet, Stefano Ciavatta, Mauro Cirano, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Gianpaolo Coro, Stuart Corney, Fraser Davidson, Marie Drevillon, Yann Drillet, Renaud Dussurget, Ghada El Serafy, Katja Fennel, Marcos Garcia Sotillo, Patrick Heimbach, Fabrice Hernandez, Patrick Hogan, Ibrahim Hoteit, Sudheer Joseph, Simon Josey, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Simone Libralato, Marco Mancini, Pascal Matte, Angelique Melet, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Andrew M. Moore, Antonio Novellino, Andrew Porter, Heather Regan, Laia Romero, Andreas Schiller, John Siddorn, Joanna Staneva, Cecile Thomas-Courcoux, Marina Tonani, Jose Maria Garcia-Valdecasas, Jennifer Veitch, Karina von Schuckmann, Liying Wan, John Wilkin, and Romane Zufic
State Planet, 1-osr7, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, 2023
Umesh Pranavam Ayyappan Pillai, Nadia Pinardi, Ivan Federico, Salvatore Causio, Francesco Trotta, Silvia Unguendoli, and Andrea Valentini
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3413–3433, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3413-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3413-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study presents the application of high-resolution coastal modelling for wave hindcasting on the Emilia-Romagna coastal belt. The generated coastal databases which provide an understanding of the prevailing wind-wave characteristics can aid in predicting coastal impacts.
Giorgio Micaletto, Ivano Barletta, Silvia Mocavero, Ivan Federico, Italo Epicoco, Giorgia Verri, Giovanni Coppini, Pasquale Schiano, Giovanni Aloisio, and Nadia Pinardi
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6025–6046, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6025-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6025-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The full exploitation of supercomputing architectures requires a deep revision of the current climate models. This paper presents the parallelization of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model SHYFEM (System of HydrodYnamic Finite Element Modules). Optimized numerical libraries were used to partition the model domain and solve the sparse linear system of equations in parallel. The performance assessment demonstrates a good level of scalability with a realistic configuration used as a benchmark.
Katherine M. Smith, Skyler Kern, Peter E. Hamlington, Marco Zavatarelli, Nadia Pinardi, Emily F. Klee, and Kyle E. Niemeyer
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2419–2442, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2419-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2419-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a newly developed reduced-order biogeochemical flux model that is complex and flexible enough to capture open-ocean ecosystem dynamics but reduced enough to incorporate into highly resolved numerical simulations with limited additional computational cost. The model provides improved correlations between model output and field data, indicating that significant improvements in the reproduction of real-world data can be achieved with a small number of variables.
Ali Aydoğdu, Nadia Pinardi, Emin Özsoy, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Özgür Gürses, and Alicia Karspeck
Ocean Sci., 14, 999–1019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-999-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-999-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A 6-year simulation of the Turkish Straits System is presented. The simulation is performed by a model using unstructured triangular mesh and realistic atmospheric forcing. The dynamics and circulation of the Marmara Sea are analysed and the mean state of the system is discussed on annual averages. Volume fluxes computed throughout the simulation are presented and the response of the model to severe storms is shown. Finally, it was possible to assess the kinetic energy budget in the Marmara Sea.
Ali Aydoğdu, Timothy J. Hoar, Tomislava Vukicevic, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Nadia Pinardi, Alicia Karspeck, Jonathan Hendricks, Nancy Collins, Francesca Macchia, and Emin Özsoy
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 25, 537–551, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-537-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-537-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents, to our knowledge, the first data assimilation experiments in the Sea of Marmara. We propose a FerryBox network for monitoring the state of the sea and show that assimilation of the temperature and salinity improves the forecasts in the basin. The flow of the Bosphorus helps to propagate the error reduction. The study can be taken as a step towards a marine forecasting system in the Sea of Marmara that will help to improve the forecasts in the adjacent Black and Aegean seas.
Giorgia Verri, Nadia Pinardi, David Gochis, Joseph Tribbia, Antonio Navarra, Giovanni Coppini, and Tomislava Vukicevic
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1741–1761, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1741-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1741-2017, 2017
Giovanni Coppini, Palmalisa Marra, Rita Lecci, Nadia Pinardi, Sergio Cretì, Mario Scalas, Luca Tedesco, Alessandro D'Anca, Leopoldo Fazioli, Antonio Olita, Giuseppe Turrisi, Cosimo Palazzo, Giovanni Aloisio, Sandro Fiore, Antonio Bonaduce, Yogesh Vittal Kumkar, Stefania Angela Ciliberti, Ivan Federico, Gianandrea Mannarini, Paola Agostini, Roberto Bonarelli, Sara Martinelli, Giorgia Verri, Letizia Lusito, Davide Rollo, Arturo Cavallo, Antonio Tumolo, Tony Monacizzo, Marco Spagnulo, Rorberto Sorgente, Andrea Cucco, Giovanni Quattrocchi, Marina Tonani, Massimiliano Drudi, Paola Nassisi, Laura Conte, Laura Panzera, Antonio Navarra, and Giancarlo Negro
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 533–547, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-533-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-533-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
SeaConditions aims to support the users by providing the environmental information in due time and with adequate accuracy in the marine and coastal environments, enforcing users' sea situational awareness. SeaConditions consists of a web and mobile application for the provision of meteorological and oceanographic observation and forecasting products. The iOS/Android apps were downloaded by more than 105 000 users and more than 100 000 users have visited the web version (www.sea-conditions.com).
Ivan Federico, Nadia Pinardi, Giovanni Coppini, Paolo Oddo, Rita Lecci, and Michele Mossa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 45–59, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-45-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-45-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
SANIFS (Southern Adriatic Northern Ionian coastal Forecasting System) is a coastal-ocean operational system based on the unstructured grid finite-element three-dimensional hydrodynamic SHYFEM model, which provides short-term forecasts. The operational chain is based on a downscaling approach starting from the large-scale system for the entire Mediterranean Basin (MFS, Mediterranean Forecasting System), which provides initial and boundary condition fields for the nested system.
Zhaoyi Wang, Andrea Storto, Nadia Pinardi, Guimei Liu, and Hui Wang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 17–30, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-17-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-17-2017, 2017
Giovanni Coppini, Eric Jansen, Giuseppe Turrisi, Sergio Creti, Elena Yurievna Shchekinova, Nadia Pinardi, Rita Lecci, Ivano Carluccio, Yogesh Vittal Kumkar, Alessandro D'Anca, Gianandrea Mannarini, Sara Martinelli, Palmalisa Marra, Tommaso Capodiferro, and Tommaso Gismondi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2713–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2713-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2713-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A new web-based and mobile Decision Support System (DSS) for Search-And-Rescue (SAR) at sea is presented, and its performance is evaluated using real case scenarios. The system, named OCEAN-SAR, is accessible via the website http://www.ocean-sar.com. OCEAN-SAR simulates drifting objects at sea, using as input ocean currents and wind. The performance of the service is evaluated by comparing simulations to data from the Italian Coast Guard pertaining to actual incidents in the Mediterranean Sea.
Nadia Pinardi, Vladyslav Lyubartsev, Nicola Cardellicchio, Claudio Caporale, Stefania Ciliberti, Giovanni Coppini, Francesca De Pascalis, Lorenzo Dialti, Ivan Federico, Marco Filippone, Alessandro Grandi, Matteo Guideri, Rita Lecci, Lamberto Lamberti, Giuliano Lorenzetti, Paolo Lusiani, Cosimo Damiano Macripo, Francesco Maicu, Michele Mossa, Diego Tartarini, Francesco Trotta, Georg Umgiesser, and Luca Zaggia
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2623–2639, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2623-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2623-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A multiscale sampling experiment was carried out in the Gulf of Taranto (eastern Mediterranean) providing the first synoptic evidence of the large-scale circulation structure and associated mesoscale variability. The circulation is shown to be dominated by an anticyclonic gyre and upwelling areas at the gyre periphery.
Vasco M. N. C. S. Vieira, Pavel Jurus, Emanuela Clementi, Heidi Pettersson, and Marcos Mateus
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2016-273, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2016-273, 2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Emanuela Fiori, Marco Zavatarelli, Nadia Pinardi, Cristina Mazziotti, and Carla Rita Ferrari
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2043–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2043-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2043-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows the capability of the numerical model in reproducing the trophic index (TRIX) calculated from in situ data. The ecosystem simulations can represent an important support for monitoring activities, allowing the use of TRIX to be extended to larger areas where in situ sampling activities are difficult to implement. The model TRIX was calculated for the whole Adriatic Sea, showing trophic differences across the Adriatic Sea.
Svitlana Liubartseva, Giovanni Coppini, Nadia Pinardi, Michela De Dominicis, Rita Lecci, Giuseppe Turrisi, Sergio Cretì, Sara Martinelli, Paola Agostini, Palmalisa Marra, and Francesco Palermo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2009–2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2009-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2009-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An innovative fully operational 24/7 web-based decision support system, WITOIL (Where Is The Oil), has been developed to support oil pollution response. The system meets the real-time requirements in terms of performance and dynamic service delivery. Comprehensive computational resources and network bandwidth efficiently support the multi-user regime. The eight-language graphical user interface incorporates a great variety of user services, e.g., help and support, tooltips, and video tutorials.
Jenny Pistoia, Nadia Pinardi, Paolo Oddo, Matthew Collins, Gerasimos Korres, and Yann Drillet
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1807–1819, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1807-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1807-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we developed a new multi-model super-ensemble method to estimate sea surface temperature, an important product of ocean analysis systems. We find that ensemble size, quality, type of members and the training period length are all important elements of the MMSE methodology and require careful calibration. We show that with a rather limited but overconfident data set (with a low bias of the starting ensemble members) the RMSE analysis can be improved.
Gianandrea Mannarini, Giuseppe Turrisi, Alessandro D'Anca, Mario Scalas, Nadia Pinardi, Giovanni Coppini, Francesco Palermo, Ivano Carluccio, Matteo Scuro, Sergio Cretì, Rita Lecci, Paola Nassisi, and Luca Tedesco
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1791–1806, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1791-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1791-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Safety and efficiency of navigation can be enhanced through a better situational awareness at sea. We designed and realized an operational infrastructure for providing the navigators with optimal routes through various devices: PC, tablets, and smartphones. Sea-state and wind forecasts are used as inputs. Both motor- and sailboat routes are addressed by VISIR.
Eric Jansen, Giovanni Coppini, and Nadia Pinardi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1623–1628, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1623-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1623-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In March 2014, a commercial airliner vanished without a trace. The main wreckage of the plane was never recovered, except for some small parts that washed up more than 17 months after the disappearance. In this paper we show a method to model the most likely trajectories of floating debris from the aircraft. The results show that the assumed area of the crash site is compatible with the recovered debris and predict that further debris may be found along the African east coast.
Jun She, Icarus Allen, Erik Buch, Alessandro Crise, Johnny A. Johannessen, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Urmas Lips, Glenn Nolan, Nadia Pinardi, Jan H. Reißmann, John Siddorn, Emil Stanev, and Henning Wehde
Ocean Sci., 12, 953–976, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-953-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-953-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This white paper addresses key scientific challenges and research priorities for the development of operational oceanography in Europe for the next 5–10 years. Knowledge gaps and deficiencies are identified in relation to common scientific challenges in four EuroGOOS knowledge areas: European ocean observations, modelling and forecasting technology, coastal operational oceanography, and operational ecology.
Gianandrea Mannarini, Nadia Pinardi, Giovanni Coppini, Paolo Oddo, and Alessandro Iafrati
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1597–1625, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1597-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1597-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
VISIR is a new numerical model for the computation of optimal ship routes from meteo-marine forecasts. VISIR offers the scientific community an open platform whereby various ideas and methods for ship route optimization can be shared, tested, and compared to each other.
V. M. N. C. S. Vieira, E. Sahlée, P. Jurus, E. Clementi, H. Pettersson, and M. Mateus
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-15901-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-15901-2015, 2015
Manuscript not accepted for further review
V. M. N. C. S. Vieira, E. Sahlée, P. Jurus, E. Clementi, H. Pettersson, and M. Mateus
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-15925-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-15925-2015, 2015
Manuscript not accepted for further review
P. Oddo, A. Bonaduce, N. Pinardi, and A. Guarnieri
Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 3001–3015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-3001-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-3001-2014, 2014
A. Guarnieri, A. J. Souza, N. Pinardi, and P. Traykovski
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/osd-11-1391-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/osd-11-1391-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
M. De Dominicis, N. Pinardi, G. Zodiatis, and R. Lardner
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1851–1869, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1851-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1851-2013, 2013
M. De Dominicis, N. Pinardi, G. Zodiatis, and R. Archetti
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1871–1888, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1871-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1871-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Approach: Numerical Models | Properties and processes: Sea level, tides, tsunamis and surges
Assessing storm surge model performance: what error indicators can measure the model's skill?
Investigation of complex coastline geometry impact on the evolution of storm surges along the east coast of India: A sensitivity study using a numerical model
Effects of sea level rise and tidal flat growth on tidal dynamics and geometry of the Elbe estuary
Technical note: Extending sea level time series for the analysis of extremes with statistical methods and neighbouring station data
Uncertainties and discrepancies in the representation of recent storm surges in a non-tidal semi-enclosed basin: a hindcast ensemble for the Baltic Sea
Observations and modeling of tidally generated high-frequency velocity fluctuations downstream of a channel constriction
Rodrigo Campos-Caba, Jacopo Alessandri, Paula Camus, Andrea Mazzino, Francesco Ferrari, Ivan Federico, Michalis Vousdoukas, Massimo Tondello, and Lorenzo Mentaschi
Ocean Sci., 20, 1513–1526, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we show the development of high-resolution simulations of storm surge in the northern Adriatic Sea employing different atmospheric forcing data and physical configurations. Traditional metrics favor a simulation forced by a coarser database and employing a less sophisticated setup. Closer examination allows us to identify a baroclinic model forced by a high-resolution dataset as being better able to capture the variability and peak values of the storm surge.
Pawan Tiwari, Ambarukhana D. Rao, Smita Pandey, and Vimlesh Pant
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2985, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2985, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Concave coast act as funnel, concentrating storm waters and leading to higher storm surges (SS), while convex coast redistribute waters, reducing surges. Study uses the ADCIRC model to simulate peak surges (PS) for different cyclone tracks, showing how coastline geometry, landfall location, and cyclone angle influence PS. Cyclones passing near concave coasts without landfall can still cause high SS, highlighting vulnerability in these regions. This insight aids in assessing coastal flood risks.
Tara F. Mahavadi, Rita Seiffert, Jessica Kelln, and Peter Fröhle
Ocean Sci., 20, 369–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-369-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-369-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To analyse the influence of potential future mean sea level rise (SLR) and tidal flat elevation scenarios on the tidal dynamics in the Elbe estuary, we used a highly resolved hydrodynamic numerical model. The results show increasing tidal range in the Elbe estuary due to SLR alone. In combination with different tidal flat growth scenarios, they reveal strongly varying changes in tidal range. We discuss how changes in estuarine geometry can provide an explanation for the changes in tidal range.
Kévin Dubois, Morten Andreas Dahl Larsen, Martin Drews, Erik Nilsson, and Anna Rutgersson
Ocean Sci., 20, 21–30, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-21-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-21-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal floods occur due to extreme sea levels (ESLs) which are difficult to predict because of their rarity. Long records of accurate sea levels at the local scale increase ESL predictability. Here, we apply a machine learning technique to extend sea level observation data in the past based on a neighbouring tide gauge. We compared the results with a linear model. We conclude that both models give reasonable results with a better accuracy towards the extremes for the machine learning model.
Marvin Lorenz and Ulf Gräwe
Ocean Sci., 19, 1753–1771, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1753-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1753-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the variability of extreme sea levels in a 13 member hindcast ensemble for the Baltic Sea. The ensemble mean shows good agreement with observations regarding return levels and trends. However, we find great variability and uncertainty within the ensemble. We argue that the variability of storms in the atmospheric data directly translates into the variability of the return levels. These results highlight the need for large regional ensembles to minimise uncertainties.
Håvard Espenes, Pål Erik Isachsen, and Ole Anders Nøst
Ocean Sci., 19, 1633–1648, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1633-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1633-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We show that tidally generated eddies generated near the constriction of a channel can drive a strong and fluctuating flow field far downstream of the channel constriction itself. The velocity signal has been observed in other studies, but this is the first study linking it to a physical process. Eddies such as those we found are generated because of complex coastal geometry, suggesting that, for example, land-reclamation projects in channels may enhance current shear over a large area.
Cited articles
Agresti, V.: Effects of tidal motion on the Mediterranean Sea General Circulation, PhD thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, https://doi.org/10.6092/unibo/amsdottorato/8516, 2018. a
Alford, M. H., Gregg, M. C., Zervakis, V., and Kontoyiannis, H.: Internal wave measurements on the Cycladic Plateau of the Aegean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C01015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007488, 2012. a
Ambar, I. and Howe, M.: Observations of the Mediterranean outflow – I mixing in the Mediterranean outflow, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 26, 535–554, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(79)90095-5, 1979. a
Arbic, B. K.: Incorporating tides and internal gravity waves within global ocean general circulation models: A review, Progr. Oceanogr., 206, 102824, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102824, 2022. a, b
Boyer, T., Antonov, J. I., Baranova, O. K., Coleman, C., Garcia, H. E., Grodsky, A., Johnson, D. R., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., O'Brien, T., Paver, C., Reagan, J., Seidov, D., Smolyar, I. V., and Zweng, M. M.: World Ocean Database 2013, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 72 [data set], Silver Spring, MD, https://doi.org/10.7289/V5NZ85MT, 2013. a
Candela, J., Winant, C., and Ruiz, A.: Tides in the Strait of Gibraltar, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 95, 7313–7335, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC095iC05p07313, 1990. a
Clementi, E., Pistoia, J., Escudier, R., Delrosso, D., Drudi, M., Grandi, A., Lecci, R., Cretí, S., Ciliberti, S., Coppini, G., Masina, S., and Pinardi, N.: Mediterranean Sea Analysis and Forecast (CMEMS MED-Currents, EAS5 system) (Version 1), Copernicus Monitoring Environment Marine Service (CMEMS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHY_006_013_EAS5, 2019. a
Clementi, E., Aydogdu, A., Goglio, A. C., Pistoia, J., Escudier, R., Drudi, M., Grandi, A., Mariani, A., Lyubartsev, V., Lecci, R., Cretí, S., Coppini, G., Masina, S., and Pinardi, N.: Mediterranean Sea Physical Analysis and Forecast (CMEMS MED-Currents, EAS6 system), Copernicus Monitoring Environment Marine Service (CMEMS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_006_013_EAS6, 2021. a, b, c
Coppini, G., Clementi, E., Cossarini, G., Salon, S., Korres, G., Ravdas, M., Lecci, R., Pistoia, J., Goglio, A. C., Drudi, M., Grandi, A., Aydogdu, A., Escudier, R., Cipollone, A., Lyubartsev, V., Mariani, A., Cretì, S., Palermo, F., Scuro, M., Masina, S., Pinardi, N., Navarra, A., Delrosso, D., Teruzzi, A., Di Biagio, V., Bolzon, G., Feudale, L., Coidessa, G., Amadio, C., Brosich, A., Miró, A., Alvarez, E., Lazzari, P., Solidoro, C., Oikonomou, C., and Zacharioudaki, A.: The Mediterranean Forecasting System – Part 1: Evolution and performance, Ocean Sci., 19, 1483–1516, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1483-2023, 2023. a, b
Cozzani, E.: Oceanic near-inertial internal waves generation, propagation, and interaction with mesoscale eddies, PhD thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, https://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10961/ (last access: 23 August 2024), 2023. a
de Boyer Montégut, C., Madec, G., Fischer, A. S., Lazar, A., and Iudicone, D.: Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378, 2004. a
de Lavergne, C., Vic, C., Madec, G., Roquet, F., Waterhouse, A. F., Whalen, C. B., Cuypers, Y., Bouruet-Aubertot, P., Ferron, B., and Hibiya, T.: A Parameterization of Local and Remote Tidal Mixing, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 12, e2020MS002065, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002065, 2020. a
Deliverable of Perseus: Deliverable D4.6, SES land-based runoff and nutrient load data (1980–2000), edited by: Bouwman, L. and van Apeldoorn, D., 2012 PERSEUS H2020 grant agreement n. 287600, European Commission, http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/3321.6_Final.pdf (last access: 19 August 2024), 2012. a
Demiraj, E., Bicja, M., Gjika, E., Gjiknuri, L., Muçaj, L. G., Hoxha, F., Hoxha, P., Karadumi, S., Kongoli, S., Mullaj, A., Mustaqi, V., Palluqi, A., Ruli, E., Selfo, M., Shehi, A., and Sino, Q.: Implications of climate change for the Albanian Coast, Mediterranean Action Plan, MAP Technical Reports Series, 98, UNEP, https://iczmplatform.org/storage/documents/yDhUCslQEwyE5yzECrOBrUOx7wYLLpNDaDivaxaF.pdf (last access: 19 August 2024), 1996. a
Egbert, G. D. and Erofeeva, S. Y.: Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic ocean tides, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 19.2, 183–204, 2002. a
Fakete, B., Vörösmarty, C., and Grabs, W.: Global composite runoff fields based on observed river discharge and simulated water balances, Technical Report 22, Global Runoff Data Centre, Koblenz, Germany, https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/ (last access: 19 August 2024), 1999. a
Farmer, D. M., Armi, L., Armi, L., and Farmer, D. M.: The flow of Atlantic water through the Strait of Gibraltar, Progr. Oceanogr., 21, 1–103, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(88)90055-9, 1988. a
Ferrari, R. and Wunsch, C.: The distribution of eddy kinetic and potential energies in the global ocean, Tellus, 62A, 92–108, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2009.00432.x, 2010. a
Galloudec, O. L., Chune, S. L., Nouel, L., Fernandez, E., Derval, C., Tressol, M., Dussurget, R., Biardeau, A., and Tonani, M.: Global Ocean Physical Analysis and Forecasting Product, Copernicus Monitoring Environment Marine Service (CMEMS), https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00016, 2022. a
García-Lafuente, J., Bruque Pozas, E., Sánchez Garrido, J. C., Sannino, G., and Sammartino, S.: The interface mixing layer and the tidal dynamics at the eastern part of the Strait of Gibraltar, J. Mar. Syst., 117–118, 31–42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.02.014, 2013. a, b
Gasparini, G. P., Smeed, D. A., Alderson, S., Sparnocchia, S., Vetrano, A., and Mazzola, S.: Tidal and subtidal currents in the Strait of Sicily, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 109, C02011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002011, 2004. a
GEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group 2014: The GEBCO_2014 Grid, version 20150318, NERC EDS British Oceanographic Data Centre NOC, https://www.gebco.net (last access: 16 August 2024), 2014. a
Gonzalez, N. M.: Modélisation multi-échelle du détroit de Gibraltar et de son rôle de régulateur du climat méditerranéen, PhD thesis, Sciences de l'Univers, de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, University of Toulouse, https://theses.hal.science/tel-04257734 (last access: 16 August 2024), 2023. a
Gonzalez, N. M., Waldman, R., Sannino, G., Giordani, H., and Somot, S.: Understanding tidal mixing at the Strait of Gibraltar: A high-resolution model approach, Progr. Oceanogr., 212, 102980, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102980, 2023. a, b
Gregg, M., Alford, M., Kontoyiannis, H., Zervakis, V., and Winkel, D.: Mixing over the steep side of the Cycladic Plateau in the Aegean Sea, J. Mar. Syst., 89, 30–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.07.009, 2012. a
Guo, Z., Wang, S., Cao, A., Xie, J., Song, J., and Guo, X.: Refraction of the M2 internal tides by mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 192, 103946, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103946, 2023. a
Harzallah, A., Alioua, M., and Li, L.: Mass exchange at the Strait of Gibraltar in response to tidal and lower frequency forcing as simulated by a Mediterranean Sea model, Tellus A, 66, 23871, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v66.23871, 2014. a, b, c, d
Hilt, M., Auclair, F., Benshila, R., Bordois, L., Capet, X., Debreu, L., Dumas, F., Jullien, S., Lemarié, F., Marchesiello, P., Nguyen, C., and Roblou, L.: Numerical modelling of hydraulic control, solitary waves and primary instabilities in the Strait of Gibraltar, Ocean Modell., 151, 101642, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101642, 2020. a, b
Izquierdo, A. and Mikolajewicz, U.: The role of tides in the spreading of Mediterranean Outflow waters along the southwestern Iberian margin, Ocean Modell., 133, 27–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.08.003, 2019. a
Lamy, A., Millot, C., and Molines, J. M.: Bottom Pressure and Sea Level Measurements in the Gulf of Lions, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 394–409, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<0394:BPASLM>2.0.CO;2, 1981. a
Leder, N. and Orlic, M.: Fundamental Adriatic seiche recorded by current meters, Ann. Geophys., 22, 1449–1464, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-1449-2004, 2004. a
Lee, H.-C., Rosatib, A., and Spelman, M. J.: Barotropic tidal mixing effects in a coupled climate model: Oceanic conditions in the Northern Atlantic, Ocean Modell., 11, 464–477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2005.03.003, 2006. a
Li, Z. and von Storch, J.-S.: M2 internal-tide generation in STORMTIDE2, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015453, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015453, 2020. a
Li, Z., von Storch, J.-S., and Müller, M.: The M2 Internal Tide Simulated by a 1/10° OGCM, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 45, 3119–3135, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-14-0228.1, 2015. a, b
Li, Z., von Storch, J.-S., and Müller, M.: The K1 internal tide simulated by a 1/10° OGCM, Ocean Modell., 113, 145–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.04.002, 2017. a, b
Madec, G., Bourdallé-Badie, R., Bell, M., Chanut, J., Clementi, E., Coward, A., Drudi, M., Éthé, C., Iovino, D., Lea, D., Lévy, C., Martin, N., Masson, S., Mathiot, P., Mocavero, S., Müller, S., Nurser, G., Samson, G., and Storkey, D.: NEMO ocean engine, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1464816, 2019. a
Maderich, V., Ilyin, Y., and Lemeshko, E.: Seasonal and interannual variability of the water exchange in the Turkish Straits System estimated by modelling, Mediterr. Mar. Sci., 16, 444–459, https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.1103, 2015. a
Marshall, J. and Schott, F.: Open-ocean convection: observations, theory, and models, Rev. Geophys., 37, 1–64, https://doi.org/10.1029/98RG02739, 1999. a
McDonagh, B., Clementi, E., Goglio, A. C., and Pinardi, N.: Data from: The characteristics of tides and their effects on the general circulation of the Mediterranean Sea, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10911630, 2024. a
Medvedev, I. P., Vilibić, I., and Rabinovich, A. B.: Tidal Resonance in the Adriatic Sea: Observational Evidence, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2020JC016168, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016168, 2020. a, b
Melet, A., Legg, S., and Hallberg, R.: Climatic Impacts of Parameterized Local and Remote Tidal Mixing, J. Climate, 29, 3473–3500, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0153.1, 2016. a
Mihanović, H., Orlić, M., and Pasarić, Z.: Diurnal thermocline oscillations driven by tidal flow around an island in the Middle Adriatic, J. Mar. Syst., 78, S157–S168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.01.021, 2009. a
Morozov, E. G., Trulsen, K., Velarde, M. G., and Vlasenko, V. I.: Internal Tides in the Strait of Gibraltar, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 3193–3206, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<3193:ITITSO>2.0.CO;2, 2002. a, b
Müller, M., Haak, H., Jungclaus, J., Sündermann, J., and Thomas, M.: The effect of ocean tides on a climate model simulation, Ocean Modell., 35, 304–313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.09.001, 2010. a, b
Naranjo, C., Lafuente, J., Sannino, G., and Sanchez-Garrido, J.: How much do tides affect the circulation of the Mediterranean Sea? From local processes in the Strait of Gibraltar to basin-scale effects, Prog. Oceanogr., 127, 108–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.06.005, 2014. a, b, c, d, e
Niwa, Y. and Hibiya, T.: Numerical study of the spatial distribution of the M2 internal tide in the Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 106, 22441–22449, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000770, 2001. a
Oddo, P., Bonaduce, A., Pinardi, N., and Guarnieri, A.: Sensitivity of the Mediterranean sea level to atmospheric pressure and free surface elevation numerical formulation in NEMO, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 3001–3015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-3001-2014, 2014. a
Oddo, P., Poulain, P., Falchetti, S., Storto, A., and Zappa, G.: Internal tides in the central Mediterranean Sea: observational evidence and numerical studies, Ocean Dynam., 73, 145–163, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01545-z, 2023. a, b, c, d
Pacanowski, R. C. and Philander, S. G. H.: Parameterization of Vertical Mixing in Numerical Models of Tropical Oceans, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1443–1451, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<1443:POVMIN>2.0.CO;2, 1981. a
Palma, M., Iacono, R., Sannino, G., Bargagli, A., Carillo, A., Fekete, B. M., Lombardi, E., Napolitano, E., Pisacane, G., and Struglia, M. V.: Short-term, linear, and non-linear local effects of the tides on the surface dynamics in a new, high-resolution model of the Mediterranean Sea circulation, Ocean Dynam., 70, 935–963, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-020-01364-6, 2020. a, b, c, d, e, f
Pettenuzzo, D., Large, W., and Pinardi, N.: On the corrections of ERA-40 surface flux products consistent with the Mediterranean heat and water budgets and the connection between basin surface total heat flux and NAO, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C06022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005631, 2010. a
Pinardi, N., Zavatarelli, M., Adani, M., Coppini, G., Fratianni, C., Oddo, P., Simoncelli, S., Tonani, M., Lyubartsev, V., Dobricic, S., and Bonaduce, A.: Mediterranean Sea large-scale low-frequency ocean variability and water mass formation rates from 1987 to 2007: A retrospective analysis, Prog. Oceanogr., 132, 318–332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2013.11.003, 2015. a, b, c
Pinardi, N., Cessi, P., Borile, F., and Wolfe, C. L.: The Mediterranean sea overturning circulation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 49, 1699–1721, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-18-0254.1, 2019. a, b, c, d
Pinardi, N., Estournel, C., Cessi, P., Escoudier, R., and Lyubartsev, V.: Dense and deep water formation processes and Mediterranean overturning circulation, chap. 7, 209–262, Elsevier, ISBN 9780128236925, 2022. a
Raicich, F.: On the fresh balance of the Adriatic Sea, J. Mar. Syst., 9, 305–319, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(96)00042-5, 1996. a
Sanchez-Roman, A., Jorda, G., Sannino, G., and Gomis, D.: Modelling study of transformations of the exchange flows along the Strait of Gibraltar, Ocean Sci., 14, 1547–1566, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1547-2018, 2018. a
Sannino, G., Sánchez Garrido, J. C., Liberti, L., and Pratt, L.: Exchange Flow through the Strait of Gibraltar as Simulated by a σ-Coordinate Hydrostatic Model and a z-Coordinate Nonhydrostatic Model, chap. 3, 25–50, American Geophysical Union (AGU), ISBN 9781118847572, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118847572.ch3, 2014. a
Sannino, G., Carillo, A., Pisacane, G., and Naranjo, C.: On the relevance of tidal forcing in modelling the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation, Progr. Oceanogr., 134, 304–329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.03.002, 2015. a
Shchepetkin, A. F. and McWilliams, J. C.: The regional oceanic modeling system (ROMS): a split-explicit, free-surface, topography-following-coordinate oceanic model, Ocean Modell., 9, 347–404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.08.002, 2005. a
Simmons, H. L., Jayne, S. R., St. Laurent, L. C., and Weaver, A. J.: Tidally driven mixing in a numerical model of the ocean general circulation, Ocean Modell., 6, 245–263, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1463-5003(03)00011-8, 2004. a
St. Laurent, L. C., Simmons, H. L., and Jayne, S. R.: Estimating tidally driven mixing in the deep ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 21-1–21-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015633, 2002. a
Sánchez-Román, A., García-Lafuente, J., Delgado, J., Sánchez-Garrido, J., and Naranjo, C.: Spatial and temporal variability of tidal flow in the Strait of Gibraltar, J. Mar. Syst., 98-99, 9–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.02.011, 2012. a
Tonani, M., Pinardi, N., Dobricic, S., Pujol, I., and Fratianni, C.: A high-resolution free-surface model of the Mediterranean Sea, Ocean Sci., 4, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-4-1-2008, 2008. a
van Haren, H., and The ANTARES Collaboration: High-frequency internal wave motions at the ANTARES site in the deep Western Mediterranean, Ocean Dynam., 64, 507–517, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0702-0, 2014. a
Vlasenko, V., Garrido, J. C. S., Stashchuk, N., Garcia-Lafuente, J., and Losada, M.: Three-Dimensional Evolution of Large-Amplitude Internal Waves in the Strait of Gibraltar, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 2230–2246, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JPO4007.1, 2009. a
Vázquez, A., Stashchuk, N., Vlasenko, V., Bruno, M., Izquierdo, A., and Gallacher, P. C.: Evidence of multimodal structure of the baroclinic tide in the Strait of Gibraltar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026806, 2006. a
Short summary
Tides in the Mediterranean Sea are typically of low amplitude, but twin experiments with and without tides demonstrate that tides affect the circulation directly at scales away from those of the tides. Analysis of the energy changes due to tides shows that they enhance existing oscillations, and internal tides interact with other internal waves. Tides also increase the mixed layer depth and enhance deep water formation in key regions. Internal tides are widespread in the Mediterranean Sea.
Tides in the Mediterranean Sea are typically of low amplitude, but twin experiments with and...
