Articles | Volume 20, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1547-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1547-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Nov 2024
Research article |
| 28 Nov 2024
| 28 Nov 2024
Influence of river runoff and precipitation on the seasonal and interannual variability of sea surface salinity in the eastern North Tropical Atlantic
Clovis Thouvenin-Masson
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
Vincent Échevin
LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
Alban Lazar
LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
Jean-Luc Vergely
ACRI-st, Guillancourt, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Léa Olivier, Jacqueline Boutin, Gilles Reverdin, Christopher Hunt, Thomas Linkowski, Alison Chase, Nils Haentjens, Pedro C. Junger, Stéphane Pesant, and Douglas Vandemark
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3583–3598, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3583-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3583-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The air–sea CO2 flux in coastal waters plays a key role in the global carbon budget but remains poorly understood. In 2021, the Tara schooner collected 14 000 km of CO2 fugacity (fCO2) data along the South American coast. This dataset improves our understanding of fCO2 in the under-sampled Brazilian coastal region and provides a unique insight into the complex biogeochemistry of the Amazon River–ocean continuum.
Kirtana Naëck, Jacqueline Boutin, Sebastiaan Swart, Marcel du Plessis, Liliane Merlivat, Laurence Beaumont, Antonio Lourenco, Francesco d'Ovidio, Louise Rousselet, Brian Ward, and Jean-Baptiste Sallée
Biogeosciences, 22, 1947–1968, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1947-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1947-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In summer 2022, a CARbon Interface OCean Atmosphere (CARIOCA) drifting buoy observed an anomalously strong ocean carbon sink in the subpolar Southern Ocean associated with large plumes of chlorophyll a. Lagrangian backward trajectories indicate that these waters originated from the sea ice edge in spring 2021. Our study highlights the northward migration of the CO2 sink associated with early sea ice retreat.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, Bruno Bombled, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Steeve Comeau, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Pascale Cuet, Eva Ferreira, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Catherine Goyet, Emilie Grossteffan, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Coraline Leseurre, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Jean-François Ternon, Franck Touratier, Aline Tribollet, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1075–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1075-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1075-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a new synthesis of 67 000 total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2023 in the global ocean, coastal zones, and the Mediterranean Sea. We describe the data assemblage and associated quality control and discuss some potential uses of this dataset. The dataset is provided in a single format and includes the quality flag for each sample.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, David Antoine, Guillaume Bourdin, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Frédéric Diaz, Eric Douville, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Melek Golbol, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Fabien Lombard, Férial Louanchi, Liliane Merlivat, Léa Olivier, Anne Petrenko, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Aline Tribollet, Vincenzo Vellucci, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 89–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a synthesis of 44 000 total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2022 in the Global Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea at the surface and in the water column. Seawater samples were measured using the same method and calibrated with international Certified Reference Material. We describe the data assemblage, quality control and some potential uses of this dataset.
Liliane Merlivat, Michael Hemming, Jacqueline Boutin, David Antoine, Vincenzo Vellucci, Melek Golbol, Gareth A. Lee, and Laurence Beaumont
Biogeosciences, 19, 3911–3920, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use in situ high-temporal-resolution measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon and atmospheric parameters at the air–sea interface to analyse phytoplankton bloom initiation identified as the net rate of biological carbon uptake in the Mediterranean Sea. The shift from wind-driven to buoyancy-driven mixing creates conditions for blooms to begin. Active mixing at the air–sea interface leads to the onset of the surface phytoplankton bloom due to the relaxation of wind speed following storms.
Michael P. Hemming, Jan Kaiser, Jacqueline Boutin, Liliane Merlivat, Karen J. Heywood, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Gareth A. Lee, Marcos Cobas García, David Antoine, and Kiminori Shitashima
Ocean Sci., 18, 1245–1262, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1245-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1245-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
An underwater glider mission was carried out in spring 2016 near a mooring in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The glider deployment served as a test of a prototype ion-sensitive field-effect transistor pH sensor. Mean net community production rates were estimated from glider and buoy measurements of dissolved oxygen and inorganic carbon concentrations before and during the spring bloom. Incorporating advection is important for accurate mass budgets. Unexpected metabolic quotients were found.
Léa Olivier, Jacqueline Boutin, Gilles Reverdin, Nathalie Lefèvre, Peter Landschützer, Sabrina Speich, Johannes Karstensen, Matthieu Labaste, Christophe Noisel, Markus Ritschel, Tobias Steinhoff, and Rik Wanninkhof
Biogeosciences, 19, 2969–2988, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2969-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2969-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impact of the interactions between eddies and the Amazon River plume on the CO2 air–sea fluxes to better characterize the ocean carbon sink in winter 2020. The region is a strong CO2 sink, previously underestimated by a factor of 10 due to a lack of data and understanding of the processes responsible for the variability in ocean carbon parameters. The CO2 absorption is mainly driven by freshwater from the Amazon entrained by eddies and by the winter seasonal cooling.
Anastasiia Tarasenko, Alexandre Supply, Nikita Kusse-Tiuz, Vladimir Ivanov, Mikhail Makhotin, Jean Tournadre, Bertrand Chapron, Jacqueline Boutin, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, and Gilles Reverdin
Ocean Sci., 17, 221–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-221-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-221-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Data from the ARKTIKA-2018 expedition and new satellite data help us to follow rapid changes in the upper layer of the Laptev and East Siberian seas (LS, ESS) in summer 2018. With satellite-derived surface temperature, an improved SMOS salinity, and wind, we study how the fresh river water is mixed with cold sea water and ice-melted water at small time and spatial scales. The wind pushes fresh water northward and northeastward, close to and under the ice, forcing it into the deep Arctic Ocean.
Liliane Merlivat, Jacqueline Boutin, David Antoine, Laurence Beaumont, Melek Golbol, and Vincenzo Vellucci
Biogeosciences, 15, 5653–5662, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5653-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5653-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater (fCO2) was measured hourly in the surface waters of the NW Mediterranean Sea during two 3-year sequences separated by 18 years. A decrease of pH of 0.0022 yr−1 was computed. About 85 % of the accumulation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) comes from chemical equilibration with increasing atmospheric CO2; the remaining 15 % accumulation is consistent with estimates of transfer of Atlantic waters through the Gibraltar Strait.
Michael P. Hemming, Jan Kaiser, Karen J. Heywood, Dorothee C.E. Bakker, Jacqueline Boutin, Kiminori Shitashima, Gareth Lee, Oliver Legge, and Reiner Onken
Ocean Sci., 13, 427–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-427-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-427-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Underwater gliders are useful platforms for monitoring the world oceans at a high resolution. An experimental pH sensor was attached to an underwater glider in the Mediterranean Sea, which is an important carbon sink region. Comparing measurements from the glider with those obtained from a ship indicated that there were issues with the experimental pH sensor. Correcting for these issues enabled us to look at pH variability in the area related to biomass abundance and physical water properties.
Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Benjamin Pfeil, Camilla S. Landa, Nicolas Metzl, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Karl Smith, Cathy Cosca, Sumiko Harasawa, Stephen D. Jones, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Yukihiro Nojiri, Ute Schuster, Tobias Steinhoff, Colm Sweeney, Taro Takahashi, Bronte Tilbrook, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Simone R. Alin, Carlos F. Balestrini, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Alejandro A. Bianchi, Frédéric Bonou, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Eugene F. Burger, Wei-Jun Cai, Robert D. Castle, Liqi Chen, Melissa Chierici, Kim Currie, Wiley Evans, Charles Featherstone, Richard A. Feely, Agneta Fransson, Catherine Goyet, Naomi Greenwood, Luke Gregor, Steven Hankin, Nick J. Hardman-Mountford, Jérôme Harlay, Judith Hauck, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Christopher W. Hunt, Betty Huss, J. Severino P. Ibánhez, Truls Johannessen, Ralph Keeling, Vassilis Kitidis, Arne Körtzinger, Alex Kozyr, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Akira Kuwata, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Claire Lo Monaco, Ansley Manke, Jeremy T. Mathis, Liliane Merlivat, Frank J. Millero, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, David R. Munro, Akihiko Murata, Timothy Newberger, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Kristina Paterson, David Pearce, Denis Pierrot, Lisa L. Robbins, Shu Saito, Joe Salisbury, Reiner Schlitzer, Bernd Schneider, Roland Schweitzer, Rainer Sieger, Ingunn Skjelvan, Kevin F. Sullivan, Stewart C. Sutherland, Adrienne J. Sutton, Kazuaki Tadokoro, Maciej Telszewski, Matthias Tuma, Steven M. A. C. van Heuven, Doug Vandemark, Brian Ward, Andrew J. Watson, and Suqing Xu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 383–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) has 14.5 million CO2 (carbon dioxide) values for the years 1957 to 2014 covering the global oceans and coastal seas. Version 3 is an update to version 2 with a longer record and 44 % more CO2 values. The CO2 measurements have been made on ships, fixed moorings and drifting buoys. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification, as well as model evaluation, thus informing climate negotiations.
C. Walker Brown, J. Boutin, and L. Merlivat
Biogeosciences, 12, 7315–7329, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7315-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7315-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Using a temperature-salinity-based extrapolation of in situ surface-fCO2, in conjunction with SMOS SSS and OSTIA SST, fCO2 is mapped within the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETPO) at high spatial (0.25°) and temporal (monthly) resolution. Strong interannual and spatial variability is identified, with net outgassing of CO2 in the gulfs of Tehuantepec and Papagayo contrasting net ingassing in the Gulf of Panama. For the period of July 2010-July 2014, the ETPO was supersaturated by ~40μatm.
L. Merlivat, J. Boutin, and F. d'Ovidio
Biogeosciences, 12, 3513–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3513-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3513-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
One CARIOCA buoy deployed during the KEOPS2 expedition in Oct-Nov 2011 drifted eastward in the Kerguelen plume. Surface measurements of pCO2 and O2 were collected. Close to the polar front, the surface waters are a sink for CO2 and a source for O2, with mean fluxes equal to -8mmol CO2 m-2d-1 and +38mmol O2 m-2d-1. Outside an iron-enriched filament, the fluxes are in the opposite direction. NCP values of 60-140 mmol C m-2d-1 and stoichiometric ratios, O2/C, between 1.1 and 1.4 are computed.
D. C. E. Bakker, B. Pfeil, K. Smith, S. Hankin, A. Olsen, S. R. Alin, C. Cosca, S. Harasawa, A. Kozyr, Y. Nojiri, K. M. O'Brien, U. Schuster, M. Telszewski, B. Tilbrook, C. Wada, J. Akl, L. Barbero, N. R. Bates, J. Boutin, Y. Bozec, W.-J. Cai, R. D. Castle, F. P. Chavez, L. Chen, M. Chierici, K. Currie, H. J. W. de Baar, W. Evans, R. A. Feely, A. Fransson, Z. Gao, B. Hales, N. J. Hardman-Mountford, M. Hoppema, W.-J. Huang, C. W. Hunt, B. Huss, T. Ichikawa, T. Johannessen, E. M. Jones, S. D. Jones, S. Jutterström, V. Kitidis, A. Körtzinger, P. Landschützer, S. K. Lauvset, N. Lefèvre, A. B. Manke, J. T. Mathis, L. Merlivat, N. Metzl, A. Murata, T. Newberger, A. M. Omar, T. Ono, G.-H. Park, K. Paterson, D. Pierrot, A. F. Ríos, C. L. Sabine, S. Saito, J. Salisbury, V. V. S. S. Sarma, R. Schlitzer, R. Sieger, I. Skjelvan, T. Steinhoff, K. F. Sullivan, H. Sun, A. J. Sutton, T. Suzuki, C. Sweeney, T. Takahashi, J. Tjiputra, N. Tsurushima, S. M. A. C. van Heuven, D. Vandemark, P. Vlahos, D. W. R. Wallace, R. Wanninkhof, and A. J. Watson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, 69–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014, 2014
L. Resplandy, J. Boutin, and L. Merlivat
Biogeosciences, 11, 75–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-75-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-75-2014, 2014
J. Boutin, N. Martin, G. Reverdin, X. Yin, and F. Gaillard
Ocean Sci., 9, 183–192, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-183-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-183-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Approach: Numerical Models | Properties and processes: Coastal and near-shore processes
Extreme sensitivity of the northeastern Gulf of Lion (western Mediterranean) to subsurface heatwaves: physical processes and insights into effects on gorgonian populations in the summer of 2022
Coupling of numerical groundwater–ocean models to improve understanding of the coastal zone
Monsoonal influence on floating marine litter pathways in the Bay of Bengal
Coupling ocean currents and waves for seamless cross-scale modeling during Medicane Ianos
Flow patterns, hotspots, and connectivity of land-derived substances at the sea surface of Curaçao in the southern Caribbean
Wave-resolving Voronoi model of the Rouse number for sediment entrainment
River discharge impacts coastal southeastern tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature and circulation: a model-based analysis
The influence of a submarine canyon on the wind-driven downwelling circulation over the continental shelf
Alongshore sediment transport analysis for a semi-enclosed basin: a case study of the Gulf of Riga, the Baltic Sea
Anthropogenic pressures driving the salinity intrusion in the Guadalquivir estuary: insights from 1D numerical simulations
Application of wave–current coupled sediment transport models with variable grain properties for coastal morphodynamics: a case study of the Changhua River, Hainan
Dynamics of salt intrusion in complex estuarine networks: an idealised model applied to the Rhine–Meuse Delta
Ocean circulation, sea ice, and productivity simulated in Jones Sound, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, between 2003–2016
A three-quantile bias correction with spatial transfer for the correction of simulated European river runoff to force ocean models
High-resolution numerical modelling of seasonal volume, freshwater, and heat transport along the Indian coast
Mechanisms and intraseasonal variability in the South Vietnam Upwelling, South China Sea: the role of circulation, tides, and rivers
Exploring water accumulation dynamics in the Pearl River estuary from a Lagrangian perspective
Exploring the tidal response to bathymetry evolution and present-day sea level rise in a channel–shoal environment
The anti-cyclonic gyre around the Qingdao cold water mass in the China marginal sea
Influence of stratification and wind forcing on the dynamics of Lagrangian residual velocity in a periodically stratified estuary
Fjord circulation permits a persistent subsurface water mass in a long, deep mid-latitude inlet
Salt intrusion dynamics in a well-mixed sub-estuary connected to a partially to well-mixed main estuary
Transport dynamics in a complex coastal archipelago
Modeling the interannual variability in Maipo and Rapel river plumes off central Chile
Short-term prediction of the significant wave height and average wave period based on the variational mode decomposition–temporal convolutional network–long short-term memory (VMD–TCN–LSTM) algorithm
Claude Estournel, Tristan Estaque, Caroline Ulses, Quentin-Boris Barral, and Patrick Marsaleix
Ocean Sci., 21, 1487–1503, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1487-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1487-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
During the summer of 2022 in the eastern Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean), exceptionally warm temperatures were observed down to depths of 30 m, along with massive mortality of benthic species. It has been shown that these deep marine heatwaves are linked to southeasterly wind episodes, which induce deep plunges of surface water overheated by the atmospheric heatwave. These events are rare in summer, but their impact on ecosystems is dramatic and will only increase with climate change.
Jiangyue Jin, Manuel Espino, Daniel Fernàndez-Garcia, and Albert Folch
Ocean Sci., 21, 1407–1424, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1407-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal zones are crucial ecological areas, yet our understanding of groundwater–ocean interactions remains limited. Ocean and groundwater models typically operate independently, with ocean models ignoring submarine groundwater discharge and groundwater models viewing the ocean as a static boundary. This separation impedes accurate simulations. By integrating these models, we can capture real-time water flow and salt movement while considering factors such as tides.
Lianne C. Harrison, Jennifer A. Graham, Piyali Chowdhury, Tiago A. M. Silva, Danja P. Hoehn, Alakes Samanta, Kunal Chakraborty, Sudheer Joseph, T. M. Balakrishnan Nair, and T. Srinivasa Kumar
Ocean Sci., 21, 1369–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1369-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1369-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Particle tracking models allow us to explore pathways of floating marine litter, source to sink, between countries. This study shows the influence of seasonality for dispersal in the Bay of Bengal and how ocean current forcing impacts model performance. Most litter beached on the country of origin, but there was a greater spread shown between countries during the post-monsoon period (Oct–Jan). Results will inform future model developments as well as management of marine litter in the region.
Salvatore Causio, Seimur Shirinov, Ivan Federico, Giovanni De Cillis, Emanuela Clementi, Lorenzo Mentaschi, and Giovanni Coppini
Ocean Sci., 21, 1105–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1105-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1105-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how waves and ocean currents interact during severe weather, focusing on Medicane Ianos, one of the strongest storms in the Mediterranean. Using advanced modeling, we created a unique system to simulate these interactions, capturing effects like wave-induced water levels and wave-induced effects on the vertical structure of the ocean. We validated our approach with ideal tests and real data from the storm.
Vesna Bertoncelj, Furu Mienis, Paolo Stocchi, and Erik van Sebille
Ocean Sci., 21, 945–964, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-945-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-945-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores ocean currents around Curaçao and how land-derived substances like pollutants and nutrients travel in the water. Most substances move northwest, following the main current, but at times, ocean eddies spread them in other directions. This movement may link polluted areas to pristine coral reefs, impacting marine ecosystems. Understanding these patterns helps inform conservation and pollution management around Curaçao.
Johannes Lawen
Ocean Sci., 21, 877–896, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-877-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-877-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A new Voronoi-mesh-based coastal ocean model has been developed as an alternative to triangle-mesh-based models. The finite volume model has been generalized to run simulations on any mesh type, including triangle, Voronoi, Octree, structured, and mixed meshes. Wave-resolving simulations were conducted for coastal developments to resolve small scales in distributions of the Rouse number. The model has been validated using five tidal time series.
Léo C. Aroucha, Joke F. Lübbecke, Peter Brandt, Franziska U. Schwarzkopf, and Arne Biastoch
Ocean Sci., 21, 661–678, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-661-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-661-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The west African coastal region sustains highly productive fisheries and marine ecosystems influenced by sea surface temperature. We use oceanic models to show that the freshwater input from land to ocean strengthens a surface northward (southward) coastal current north (south) of the Congo River mouth, promoting a transfer of cooler (warmer) waters to north (south) of the Congo discharge location. We highlight the significant impact of river discharge on ocean temperatures and circulation.
Pedro A. Figueroa, Gonzalo S. Saldías, and Susan E. Allen
Ocean Sci., 21, 643–659, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-643-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-643-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Submarine canyons are topographic features found along the continental slope worldwide. Here we use numerical simulations to study how a submarine canyon influences the circulation near the coast when winds moving poleward influence the region. Our results show that submarine canyons modify the circulation near the coast, causing strong velocities perpendicular to the coast. These changes can trap particles inside the canyon, an important mechanism to explain its role as a biological hotspot.
Tarmo Soomere, Mikołaj Zbigniew Jankowski, Maris Eelsalu, Kevin Ellis Parnell, and Maija Viška
Ocean Sci., 21, 619–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-619-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-619-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Seemingly interconnected beaches are often separated by human-made obstacles and natural divergence areas of sediment flux. We decompose the sedimentary shores of the Gulf of Riga into five naturally almost isolated compartments based on the analysis of wave-driven sediment flux. The western, southern, and eastern shores have quite different and fragmented sediment transport regimes. The transport rates along different shore segments show extensive interannual variations but no explicit trends.
Sara Sirviente, Juan J. Gomiz-Pascual, Marina Bolado-Penagos, Sabine Sauvage, José M. Sánchez-Pérez, and Miguel Bruno
Ocean Sci., 21, 515–535, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-515-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-515-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The present study utilizes a 1D hydrodynamic model to examine the impact of anthropogenic pressures on saline intrusion in the Guadalquivir estuary. Water extraction by human activities has led to elevated salinity levels throughout the estuary, thereby disrupting its natural state. A more profound understanding of these effects is essential for the protection of the estuarine ecosystems.
Yuxi Wu, Enjin Zhao, Xiwen Li, and Shiyou Zhang
Ocean Sci., 21, 473–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-473-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-473-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive sand transfer model is proposed to study sediment dynamics in the lower reaches of the Changhua River on the island of Hainan. It captures the complex relationship between wave action, ocean currents, and sediment transport. Validated on the basis of on-site measurements, the model reveals significant sediment deposits which are significantly affected by coastal ocean currents and geological structures.
Bouke Biemond, Wouter M. Kranenburg, Ymkje Huismans, Huib E. de Swart, and Henk A. Dijkstra
Ocean Sci., 21, 261–281, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-261-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-261-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We study salinity in estuaries consisting of a network of channels. To this end, we develop a model that computes the flow and salinity in such systems. We use the model to quantify the mechanisms by which salt is transported into estuarine networks, the response to changes in river discharge, and the impact of depth changes. Results show that when changing the depth of channels, the effects on salt intrusion into other channels in the network can be larger than the effect on the channel itself.
Tyler Pelle, Paul G. Myers, Andrew Hamilton, Matthew Mazloff, Krista Soderlund, Lucas Beem, Donald D. Blankenship, Cyril Grima, Feras Habbal, Mark Skidmore, and Jamin S. Greenbaum
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3751, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3751, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we develop and run a high resolution ocean model of Jones Sound from 2003–2016 and characterize circulation into, out of, and within the sound as well as associated sea ice and productivity cycles. Atmospheric and ocean warming drive sea ice decline, which enhance biological productivity due to the increased light availability. These results highlight the utility of high resolution models in simulating complex waterways and the need for sustained oceanographic measurements in the sound.
Stefan Hagemann, Thao Thi Nguyen, and Ha Thi Minh Ho-Hagemann
Ocean Sci., 20, 1457–1478, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1457-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1457-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a methodology for the bias correction of simulated river runoff to force ocean models in which low, medium, and high discharges are corrected once separated at the coast. We show that the bias correction generally leads to an improved representation of river runoff in Europe. The methodology is suitable for model regions with a sufficiently high coverage of discharge observations, and it can be applied to river runoff based on climate hindcasts or climate change simulations.
Kunal Madkaiker, Ambarukhana D. Rao, and Sudheer Joseph
Ocean Sci., 20, 1167–1185, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1167-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1167-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using a high-resolution model, we estimated the volume, freshwater, and heat transports along Indian coasts. Affected by coastal currents, transport along the eastern coast is highly seasonal, and the western coast is impacted by intraseasonal oscillations. Coastal currents and equatorial forcing determine the relation between NHT and net heat flux in dissipating heat in coastal waters. The north Indian Ocean functions as a heat source or sink based on seasonal flow of meridional heat transport.
Marine Herrmann, Thai To Duy, and Patrick Marsaleix
Ocean Sci., 20, 1013–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1013-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1013-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In summer, deep, cold waters rise to the surface along and off the Vietnamese coast. This upwelling of water lifts nutrients, inducing biological activity that is important for fishery resources. Strong tides occur on the shelf off the Mekong Delta. By increasing the mixing of ocean waters and modifying currents, they are a major factor in the development of upwelling on the shelf, accounting for ~75 % of its average summer intensity.
Mingyu Li, Alessandro Stocchino, Zhongya Cai, and Tingting Zu
Ocean Sci., 20, 931–944, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-931-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-931-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we explored how water accumulates in a coastal estuary, a key factor affecting the estuary's environmental health and ecosystem. We revealed significant bottom accumulations influenced by plume fronts and velocity convergence, with notable seasonal variability. By analyzing trajectories, we identified subregions with distinct accumulation patterns and examined their interconnections, highlighting the substantial impact of tides and river discharge on these dynamics.
Robert Lepper, Leon Jänicke, Ingo Hache, Christian Jordan, and Frank Kösters
Ocean Sci., 20, 711–723, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-711-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-711-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Most coastal environments are sheltered by tidal flats and salt marshes. These habitats are threatened from drowning under sea level rise. Contrary to expectation, recent analyses in the Wadden Sea showed that tidal flats can accrete faster than sea level rise. We found that this phenomenon was facilitated by the nonlinear link between tidal characteristics and coastal bathymetry evolution. This link caused local and regional tidal adaptation with sharp increase–decrease edges at the coast.
Lin Lin, Hans von Storch, and Yang Ding
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1332, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Qingdao cold water mass significantly influences aquaculture in China since it is situated near the Chinese coastline. Based on 3-dimensional numerical simulation results, we find a clockwise current structure that exists around the Qingdao cold water mass; furthermore, we analyze the relationship between the clockwise current with the Qingdao cold water temperature and salinity.
Fangjing Deng, Feiyu Jia, Rui Shi, Shuwen Zhang, Qiang Lian, Xiaolong Zong, and Zhaoyun Chen
Ocean Sci., 20, 499–519, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-499-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-499-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Southwesterly winds impact cross-estuary flows by amplifying the eddy viscosity component during smaller tides. Moreover, they modify along-estuary gravitational circulation by diminishing both the barotropic and baroclinic components. Stratification results in contrasting sheared flows, distinguished by different dominant components compared to destratified conditions. Additionally, the eddy viscosity component is governed by various subcomponents in diverse stratified waters.
Laura Bianucci, Jennifer M. Jackson, Susan E. Allen, Maxim V. Krassovski, Ian J. W. Giesbrecht, and Wendy C. Callendar
Ocean Sci., 20, 293–306, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-293-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-293-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
While the deeper waters in the coastal ocean show signs of climate-change-induced warming and deoxygenation, some fjords can keep cool and oxygenated waters in the subsurface. We use a model to investigate how these subsurface waters created during winter can linger all summer in Bute Inlet, Canada. We found two main mechanisms that make this fjord retentive: the typical slow subsurface circulation in such a deep, long fjord and the further speed reduction when the cold waters are present.
Zhongyuan Lin, Guang Zhang, Huazhi Zou, and Wenping Gong
Ocean Sci., 20, 181–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
From 2021 to 2022, a particular sub-estuary (East River estuary) suffered greatly from an enhanced salt intrusion. We conducted observation analysis, numerical simulations, and analytical solution to unravel the underlying mechanisms. This study is of help in the investigation of salt dynamics in sub-estuaries connected to main estuaries and of implications for mitigating salt intrusion problems in the regions.
Elina Miettunen, Laura Tuomi, Antti Westerlund, Hedi Kanarik, and Kai Myrberg
Ocean Sci., 20, 69–83, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-69-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-69-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied circulation and transports in the Archipelago Sea (in the Baltic Sea) with a high-resolution hydrodynamic model. Transport dynamics show different variabilities in the north and south, so no single transect can represent transport through the whole area in all cases. The net transport in the surface layer is southward and follows the alignment of the deeper channels. In the lower layer, the net transport is southward in the northern part of the area and northward in the southern part.
Julio Salcedo-Castro, Antonio Olita, Freddy Saavedra, Gonzalo S. Saldías, Raúl C. Cruz-Gómez, and Cristian D. De la Torre Martínez
Ocean Sci., 19, 1687–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1687-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1687-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Considering the relevance and impact of river discharges on the coastal environment, it is necessary to understand the processes associated with river plume dynamics in different regions and at different scales. Modeling studies focused on the eastern Pacific coast under the influence of the Humboldt Current are scarce. Here, we conduct for the first time an interannual modeling study of two river plumes off central Chile and discuss their characteristics.
Qiyan Ji, Lei Han, Lifang Jiang, Yuting Zhang, Minghong Xie, and Yu Liu
Ocean Sci., 19, 1561–1578, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate wave forecasts are essential to marine engineering safety. The research designs a model with combined signal decomposition and multiple neural network algorithms to predict wave parameters. The hybrid wave prediction model has good robustness and generalization ability. The contribution of the various algorithms to the model prediction skill was analyzed by the ablation experiments. This work provides a neoteric view of marine element forecasting based on artificial intelligence.
Cited articles
Akinsanola, A. A., Zhou, W., Zhou, T., and Keenlyside, N.: Amplification of synoptic to annual variability of West African summer monsoon rainfall under global warming, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 3, 21, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-0125-1, 2020.
Alory, G., Delcroix, T., Téchiné, P., Diverrès, D., Varillon, D., Cravatte, S., Gouriou, Y., Grelet, J., Jacquin, S., Kestenare, E., Maes, C., Morrow, R., Perrier, J., Reverdin, G., and Roubaud, F.: The French contribution to the voluntary observing ships network of sea surface salinity, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 105, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.08.005, 2015.
Ardoin-Bardin, S., Dezetter, A., Servat, E., Paturel, J.-E., Mahe, G., Niel, H., and Dieulin, C.: Using general circulation model outputs to assess impacts of climate change on runoff for large hydrological catchments in West Africa, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 54, 77–89, https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.54.1.77, 2009.
Argo: Argo float data and metadata from Global Data Assembly Centre (Argo GDAC), https://doi.org/10.17882/42182, 2023.
Beck, H. E., Van Dijk, A. I. J. M., Levizzani, V., Schellekens, J., Miralles, D. G., Martens, B., and De Roo, A.: MSWEP: 3-hourly 0.25° global gridded precipitation (1979–2015) by merging gauge, satellite, and reanalysis data, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 589–615, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-589-2017, 2017.
Boutin, J., Reul, N., Koehler, J., Martin, A., Catany, R., Guimbard, S., Rouffi, F., Vergely, J.-L., Arias, M., Chakroun, M., Corato, G., Estella-Perez, V., Hasson, A., Josey, S., Khvorostyanov, D., Kolodziejczyk, N., Mignot, J., Olivier, L., Reverdin, G., Stammer, D., Supply, A., Thouvenin-Masson, C., Turiel, A., Vialard, J., Cipollini, P., Donlon, C., Sabia, R., and Mecklenburg, S.: Satellite-Based Sea Surface Salinity Designed for Ocean and Climate Studies, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 126, e2021JC017676, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017676, 2021a.
Boutin, J., Vergely, J.-L., Reul, N., Catany, R., Koehler, J., Martin, A., Rouffi, F., Arias, M., Chakroun, M., Corato, G., Estella-Perez, V., Guimbard, S., Hasson, A., Josey, S., Khvorostyanov, D., Kolodziejczyk, N., Mignot, J., Olivier, L., Reverdin, G., Stammer, D., Supply, A., Thouvenin-Masson, C., Turiel, A., Vialard, J., Cipollini, P., and Donlon, C.: ESA Sea Surface Salinity Climate Change Initiative (Sea_Surface_Salinity_cci): weekly and monthly sea surface salinity products, v03.21, for 2010 to 2020, NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis [data set], https://doi.org/10.5285/5920a2c77e3c45339477acd31ce62c3c, 2021b.
Camara, I., Kolodziejczyk, N., Mignot, J., Lazar, A., and Gaye, A. T.: On the seasonal variations of salinity of the tropical Atlantic mixed layer, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 120, 4441–4462, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010865, 2015.
Chandanpurkar, H. A., Lee, T., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Fournier, S., Fenty, I., Fukumori, I., Menemenlis, D., Piecuch, C. G., Reager, J. T., Wang, O., and Worden, J.: Influence of Nonseasonal River Discharge on Sea Surface Salinity and Height, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 14, e2021MS002715, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002715, 2022.
Chandanpurkar, H. A., Reager, J. T., Famiglietti, J. S., and Syed, T. H.: Satellite-and reanalysis-based mass balance estimates of global continental discharge (1993–2015), J. Clim., 30, 8481–8495, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0708.1, 2017.
Dai, A., Qian, T., Trenberth, K. E., and Milliman, J. D.: Changes in Continental Freshwater Discharge from 1948 to 2004, J. Clim., 22, 2773–2792, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2592.1, 2009.
de Rosnay, P., Balsamo, G., Albergel, C., Muñoz-Sabater, J., and Isaksen, L.: Initialisation of Land Surface Variables for Numerical Weather Prediction, Surv. Geophys., 35, 607–621, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-012-9207-x, 2012.
Debreu, L., Vouland, C., and Blayo, E.: AGRIF: Adaptive grid refinement in Fortran, Comput. Geosci., 34, 8–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.01.009, 2008.
Decharme, B., Delire, C., Minvielle, M., Colin, J., Vergnes, J. P., Alias, A., Saint-Martin, D., Séférian, R., Sénési, S., and Voldoire, A.: Recent Changes in the ISBA-CTRIP Land Surface System for Use in the CNRM-CM6 Climate Model and in Global Off-Line Hydrological Applications, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 11, 1207–1252, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001545, 2019.
Delcroix, T., Alory, G., Téchiné, P., Diverrès, D., Varillon, D., Cravatte, S., Gouriou, Y., Grelet, J., Jacquin, S., Kestenare, E., Maes, C., Morrow, R., Perrier, J., Reverdin, G., and Roubaud, F.: Sea Surface Salinity data from Voluntary Observing Ships Network, Odatis [dataset], https://doi.org/10.6096/SSS-LEGOS, 2002.
Descroix, L., Sané, Y., Thior, M., Manga, S.-P., Ba, B. D., Mingou, J., Mendy, V., Coly, S., Dièye, A., Badiane, A., Senghor, M.-J., Diedhiou, A.-B., Sow, D., Bouaita, Y., Soumaré, S., Diop, A., Faty, B., Sow, B. A., Machu, E., Montoroi, J.-P., Andrieu, J., and Vandervaere, J.-P.: Inverse Estuaries in West Africa: Evidence of the Rainfall Recovery?, Water, 12, 647, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030647, 2020.
Durand, F., Piecuch, C. G., Becker, M., Papa, F., Raju, S. V., Khan, J. U., and Ponte, R. M.: Impact of Continental Freshwater Runoff on Coastal Sea Level, Surv. Geophys., 40, 1437–1466, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-019-09536-w, 2019.
Durand, F., Testut, L., Jouanno, J., and Fassoni-Andrade, A. C.: Role of the amazon outflow on the barotropic tide on the amazonian shelf, Cont. Shelf Res., 238, 104695, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2022.104695, 2022.
EU Copernicus Marine Service Product: Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis, Mercator Ocean International [data set], https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021, 2023.
Failler, P., El Ayoubi, H., and Konan, A.: Industrie des pêches et de l'aquaculture en Côte d'Ivoire, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2919, 2014.
Fournier, S., Reager, J. T., Chandanpurkar, H. A., Pascolini-Campbell, M., and Jarugula, S.: The Salinity of Coastal Waters as a Bellwether for Global Water Cycle Changes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2023GL106684, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106684, 2023.
Gévaudan, M., Durand, F., and Jouanno, J.: Influence of the Amazon-Orinoco Discharge Interannual Variability on the Western Tropical Atlantic Salinity and Temperature, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 127, e2022JC018495, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018495, 2022.
Guimbard, S., Reul, N., Sabia, R., Herlédan, S., Khoury Hanna, Z. E., Piollé, J.-F., Paul, F., Lee, T., Schanze, J. J., Bingham, F. M., Le Vine, D., Vinogradova-Shiffer, N., Mecklenburg, S., Scipal, K., and Laur, H.: The Salinity Pilot-Mission Exploitation Platform (Pi-MEP): A Hub for Validation and Exploitation of Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Data, Remote Sens., 13, 4600, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13224600, 2021 (data available at: https://pimep.ifremer.fr/diffusion/data/cci-l4-esa-merged-oi-v3.2-7dr/argo/, last access: 26 November 2024).
Harrigan, S., Zsoter, E., Alfieri, L., Prudhomme, C., Salamon, P., Wetterhall, F., Barnard, C., Cloke, H., and Pappenberger, F.: GloFAS-ERA5 operational global river discharge reanalysis 1979–present, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2043–2060, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2043-2020, 2020 (data available at: https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/CEMS/MARS, last access: 26 November 2024).
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.-N.: Complete ERA5 from 1940: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Data Store (CDS) [data set], https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.143582cf, 2017.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., and Schepers, D.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Hilt, M., Auclair, F., Benshila, R., Bordois, L., Capet, X., Debreu, L., Dumas, F., Jullien, S., Lemarié, F., Marchesiello, P., Nguyen, C., and Roblou, L.: Numerical modelling of hydraulic control, solitary waves and primary instabilities in the Strait of Gibraltar, Ocean Model., 151, 101642, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101642, 2020.
Huffman, G. J., Stocker, E. F., Bolvin, D. T., Nelkin, E. J., and Tan, J.: GPM IMERG Final Precipitation L3 1 day 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V07, edited by: Savtchenko, A., Greenbelt, MD, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/IMERGDF/DAY/07, 2023.
Joyce, R. J., Janowiak, J. E., Arkin, P. A., and Xie, P.: CMORPH: A method that produces global precipitation estimates from passive microwave and infrared data at high spatial and temporal resolution, J. Hydrometeorol., 5, 487–503, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0487:CAMTPG>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Laurel-Castillo, J. A., and Valle-Levinson, A.: A Statistics-Based Analytical Framework for Intratidal and Tidally Averaged Salinity Distribution in Estuaries, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 128, e2023JC019813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC019813, 2023.
Lazar, A., Machu, E., Tall A. W., Bodichon, R., Capet, X., Échevin, V., Pietri, A., and Corréa, K.: Supporting datasets used in the Geophysical Research – Oceans entitled “Variability of dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer of the southern Senegalese shelf”, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4095436, 2020.
Lellouche, J.-M., Greiner, E., Le Galloudec, O., Garric, G., Regnier, C., Drevillon, M., Benkiran, M., Testut, C.-E., Bourdalle-Badie, R., Gasparin, F., Hernandez, O., Levier, B., Drillet, Y., Remy, E., and Le Traon, P.-Y.: Recent updates to the Copernicus Marine Service global ocean monitoring and forecasting real-time
Lellouche, J.-M., Greiner, E., Bourdalle-Badie, R., Garric, G., Regnier, C., Drevillon, M., Benkiran, M., Hernandez, O., and Le Traon, P.-Y.: The Copernicus Global
Mignot, J., de Boyer Montégut, C., Lazar, A., and Cravatte, S.: Control of salinity on the mixed layer depth in the world ocean: 2. Tropical areas, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 112, C10010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003954, 2007.
Mikhailov, V. N., and Isupova, M. V.: Hypersalinization of river estuaries in West Africa, Water Resour., 35, 367–385, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807808040015, 2008.
Ndoye, S., Capet, X., Estrade, P., Machu, E., Kounta, L., Sow, B., Diakhaté, M., and Gaye, A. T.: A numerical modeling study of the Southern Senegal upwelling shelf: Circulation and upwelling source waters, Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 12, 487–500, https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2018.2572, 2018.
Pagès, J., and Citeau, J.: Rainfall and salinity of a Sahelian estuary between 1927 and 1987, J. Hydrol., 113, 325–341, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90182-W, 1990.
Roudier, P., Ducharne, A., and Feyen, L.: Climate change impacts on runoff in West Africa: A review, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2789–2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2789-2014, 2014.
Ruault, V., Jouanno, J., Durand, F., Chanut, J., and Benshila, R.: Role of the Tide on the Structure of the Amazon Plume: A Numerical Modeling Approach, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 125, e2019JC015841, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015495, 2020.
Shchepetkin, A. F. and McWilliams, J. C.: Correction and commentary for “Ocean forecasting in terrain-following coordinates: Formulation and skill assessment of the regional ocean modeling system” by Haidvogel et al., J. Comp. Phys., 228, 8985–9000, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2009.09.002, 2009.
Supply, A., Boutin, J., Reverdin, G., Vergely, J.-L., and Bellenger, H.: Variability of Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Under Rainfall, in: Satellite Precipitation Measurement, Vol. 2, edited by: Levizzani, V., Kidd, C., Kirschbaum, D., Kummerow, C., Nakamura, K., and Turk, F., Springer Int. Publ., Cham, 1155–1176, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35798-6_34, 2020.
Tall, A. W., Machu, E., Echevin, V., Capet, X., Pietri, A., Corréa, K., Sall, S. M., and Lazar, A.: Variability of Dissolved Oxygen in the Bottom Layer of the Southern Senegalese Shelf, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 126, e2020JC016633, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016854, 2021.
Thouvenin-Masson, C., Boutin, J., Vergely, J.-L., Reverdin, G., Martin, A. C., Guimbard, S., Reul, N., Sabia, R., Catany, R., and Fanton-d'Andon, O. H.: Satellite and in situ sampling mismatches: Consequences for the estimation of satellite sea surface salinity uncertainties, Remote Sens., 14, 1878, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081878, 2022.
Vialard, J. and Delecluse, P.: An OGCM Study for the TOGA Decade. Part I: Role of the Salinity in the Physics of the Western Pacific Fresh Pool, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1071–1088, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<1071:AOSFTT>2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Wohl, E., and Lininger, K. B.: Hydrology and discharge, in: Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management, 2nd edn., edited by: Gupta, A., Wiley, Hoboken, 42–75, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119412632.ch3, 2022.
Zine, S., Boutin, J., Font, J., Reul, N., Waldteufel, P., Gabarro, C., Tenerelli, J., Petitcolin, F., Vergely, J.-L., Talone, M., and Delwart, S.: Overview of the SMOS Sea Surface Salinity Prototype Processor, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 46, 621–645, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2008.915543, 2008.
Short summary
We focus on understanding the impact of river runoff and precipitation on sea surface salinity (SSS) in the eastern North Tropical Atlantic (e-NTA) region off northwestern Africa. By analyzing regional simulations and observational data, we find that river flows significantly influence SSS variability, particularly after the rainy season. Our findings underscore that a main source of uncertainty representing SSS variability in this region is from river runoff estimates.
We focus on understanding the impact of river runoff and precipitation on sea surface salinity...
