Articles | Volume 19, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1753-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1753-2023
Research article
 | 
08 Dec 2023
Research article |  | 08 Dec 2023

Uncertainties and discrepancies in the representation of recent storm surges in a non-tidal semi-enclosed basin: a hindcast ensemble for the Baltic Sea

Marvin Lorenz and Ulf Gräwe

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Cited articles

Andersson, H. C.: Influence of long-term regional and large-scale atmospheric circulation on the Baltic Sea level, Tellus A, 54, 76–88, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v54i1.12125, 2002. a
Andrée, E., Su, J., Dahl Larsen, M. A., Drews, M., Stendel, M., and Skovgaard Madsen, K.: The role of preconditioning for extreme storm surges in the western Baltic Sea, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1817–1834, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1817-2023, 2023. a
Arns, A., Wahl, T., Haigh, I., Jensen, J., and Pattiaratchi, C.: Estimating extreme water level probabilities: A comparison of the direct methods and recommendations for best practise, Coast. Eng., 81, 51–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.07.003, 2013. a, b
Arns, A., Wahl, T., Wolff, C., Vafeidis, A. T., Haigh, I. D., Woodworth, P., Niehüser, S., and Jensen, J.: Non-linear interaction modulates global extreme sea levels, coastal flood exposure, and impacts, Nat. Commun., 11, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15752-5, 2020. a, b, c
Bamber, J. L., Oppenheimer, M., Kopp, R. E., Aspinall, W. P., and Cooke, R. M.: Ice sheet contributions to future sea-level rise from structured expert judgment, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 11195–11200, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817205116, 2019. a
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Short summary
We study the variability of extreme sea levels in a 13 member hindcast ensemble for the Baltic Sea. The ensemble mean shows good agreement with observations regarding return levels and trends. However, we find great variability and uncertainty within the ensemble. We argue that the variability of storms in the atmospheric data directly translates into the variability of the return levels. These results highlight the need for large regional ensembles to minimise uncertainties.
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