Articles | Volume 19, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1517-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1517-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Oct 2023
Research article |
| 26 Oct 2023
| 26 Oct 2023
Regional mapping of energetic short mesoscale ocean dynamics from altimetry: performances from real observations
Florian Le Guillou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
European Space Agency (ESA), Frascati, Italy
Lucile Gaultier
OceanDataLab, Brest, France
Maxime Ballarotta
Collecte Localisation Satellite, Ramonville Saint-Agne, France
Sammy Metref
Datlas, Grenoble, France
Clément Ubelmann
Datlas, Grenoble, France
Emmanuel Cosme
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France
Marie-Helène Rio
European Space Agency (ESA), Frascati, Italy
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Maxime Ballarotta, Clément Ubelmann, Valentin Bellemin-Laponnaz, Florian Le Guillou, Guillaume Meda, Cécile Anadon, Alice Laloue, Antoine Delepoulle, Yannice Faugère, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Ronan Fablet, and Gérald Dibarboure
Ocean Sci., 21, 63–80, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-63-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-63-2025, 2025
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The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides unprecedented swath altimetry data. This study examines SWOT's impact on mapping systems, showing a moderate effect with the current nadir altimetry constellation and a stronger impact with a reduced one. Integrating SWOT with dynamic mapping techniques improves the resolution of satellite-derived products, offering promising solutions for studying and monitoring sea-level variability at finer scales.
Michel Tchilibou, Simon Barbot, Loren Carrere, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, Gérald Dibarboure, and Clément Ubelmann
Ocean Sci., 21, 1469–1486, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1469-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1469-2025, 2025
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MIOST24 (Multivariate Inversion of Ocean Surface Topography 2024) annual and monthly internal tide (IT) atlases, based on 25 years of altimetry data and an updated wavelength database, are presented for the Indo-Philippine archipelago and the Amazon shelf. The atlases show monthly IT variability and a better correction of IT in altimetry data than with MIOST22 (MIOST 2022) and HRET (High-Resolution Empirical Tide). The results support the development of a global MIOST24.
Hélène Etienne, Clément Ubelmann, Fabrice Ardhuin, and Gérald Dibarboure
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2890, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2890, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Ocean Science (OS).
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This study analyzes near-inertial oscillations (NIOs) in ocean surface currents using drifter data and the LLC2160 ocean-atmosphere model. It finds that NIOs have a typical spatial decorrelation scale around 100 km, varying with latitude. The model accurately captures these patterns, supporting the ODYSEA concept mission's goal to measure surface currents via Doppler radar and reduce NIO-related data aliasing for better ocean monitoring.
Clément Ubelmann, J. Thomas Farrar, Bertrand Chapron, Lucile Gaultier, Laura Gómez-Navarro, Marie-Hélène Rio, and Gérald Dibarboure
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1149, 2025
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This study models wind-driven ocean currents using observed wind stress and an empirically estimated impulse response function based on drifting buoys. By convolving this function with wind forcing from ERA5, the estimates align well with independent observations across latitudes. Additionally, the response function serves as a valuable indicator of subsurface properties.
Michel Tchilibou, Loren Carrere, Florent Lyard, Clément Ubelmann, Gérald Dibarboure, Edward D. Zaron, and Brian K. Arbic
Ocean Sci., 21, 325–342, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-325-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-325-2025, 2025
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Sea level observations along the swaths of the new SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) mission were used to characterize internal tides at three semidiurnal frequencies off the Amazon shelf in the tropical Atlantic during the SWOT calibration/validation period. The atlases were derived using harmonic analysis and principal component analysis. The SWOT-derived internal tide atlas outperforms the reference atlas previously used to correct SWOT observations.
Gerald Dibarboure, Cécile Anadon, Frédéric Briol, Emeline Cadier, Robin Chevrier, Antoine Delepoulle, Yannice Faugère, Alice Laloue, Rosemary Morrow, Nicolas Picot, Pierre Prandi, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Matthias Raynal, Anaelle Tréboutte, and Clément Ubelmann
Ocean Sci., 21, 283–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-283-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-283-2025, 2025
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The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission delivers unprecedented swath-altimetry products. In this paper, we describe how we extended the Level-3 algorithms to handle SWOT’s unique swath-altimeter data. We also illustrate and discuss the benefits, relevance, and limitations of Level-3 swath-altimeter products for various research domains.
Maxime Ballarotta, Clément Ubelmann, Valentin Bellemin-Laponnaz, Florian Le Guillou, Guillaume Meda, Cécile Anadon, Alice Laloue, Antoine Delepoulle, Yannice Faugère, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Ronan Fablet, and Gérald Dibarboure
Ocean Sci., 21, 63–80, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-63-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-63-2025, 2025
Short summary
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The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides unprecedented swath altimetry data. This study examines SWOT's impact on mapping systems, showing a moderate effect with the current nadir altimetry constellation and a stronger impact with a reduced one. Integrating SWOT with dynamic mapping techniques improves the resolution of satellite-derived products, offering promising solutions for studying and monitoring sea-level variability at finer scales.
Robert R. King, Matthew J. Martin, Lucile Gaultier, Jennifer Waters, Clément Ubelmann, and Craig Donlon
Ocean Sci., 20, 1657–1676, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1657-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1657-2024, 2024
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We use simulations of our ocean forecasting system to compare the impact of additional altimeter observations from two proposed future satellite constellations. We found that, in our system, an altimeter constellation of 12 nadir altimeters produces improved predictions of sea surface height, surface currents, temperature, and salinity compared to a constellation of 2 wide-swath altimeters.
Mikhail Popov, Jean-Michel Brankart, Arthur Capet, Emmanuel Cosme, and Pierre Brasseur
Ocean Sci., 20, 155–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-155-2024, 2024
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This study contributes to the development of methods to estimate targeted ocean ecosystem indicators, including their uncertainty, in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Service. A simplified approach is introduced to perform a 4D ensemble analysis and forecast, directly targeting selected biogeochemical variables and indicators (phenology, trophic efficiency, downward flux of organic matter). Care is taken to present the methods and discuss the reliability of the solution proposed.
Sammy Metref, Emmanuel Cosme, Matthieu Le Lay, and Joël Gailhard
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2283–2299, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2283-2023, 2023
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Predicting the seasonal streamflow supply of water in a mountainous basin is critical to anticipating the operation of hydroelectric dams and avoiding hydrology-related hazard. This quantity partly depends on the snowpack accumulated during winter. The study addresses this prediction problem using information from streamflow data and both direct and indirect snow measurements. In this study, the prediction is improved by integrating the data information into a basin-scale hydrological model.
Oscar Vergara, Rosemary Morrow, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Gérald Dibarboure, and Clément Ubelmann
Ocean Sci., 19, 363–379, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-363-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-363-2023, 2023
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Recent advances allow us to observe the ocean from space with increasingly higher detail, challenging our knowledge of the ocean's surface height signature. We use a statistical approach to determine the spatial scale at which the sea surface height signal is no longer dominated by geostrophic turbulence but in turn becomes dominated by wave-type motions. This information helps us to better use the data provided by ocean-observing satellites and to gain knowledge on climate-driving processes.
Maxime Ballarotta, Clément Ubelmann, Pierre Veillard, Pierre Prandi, Hélène Etienne, Sandrine Mulet, Yannice Faugère, Gérald Dibarboure, Rosemary Morrow, and Nicolas Picot
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 295–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-295-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-295-2023, 2023
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We present a new gridded sea surface height and current dataset produced by combining observations from nadir altimeters and drifting buoys. This product is based on a multiscale and multivariate mapping approach that offers the possibility to improve the physical content of gridded products by combining the data from various platforms and resolving a broader spectrum of ocean surface dynamic than in the current operational mapping system. A quality assessment of this new product is presented.
Clément Ubelmann, Loren Carrere, Chloé Durand, Gérald Dibarboure, Yannice Faugère, Maxime Ballarotta, Frédéric Briol, and Florent Lyard
Ocean Sci., 18, 469–481, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-469-2022, 2022
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The signature of internal tides has become an important component for high-resolution altimetry over oceans. Several studies have proposed some solutions to resolve part of these internal tides based on the altimetry record. Following these studies, we propose here a new inversion approach aimed to mitigate aliasing with other dynamics. After a description of the methodology, the solution for the main tidal components has been successfully validated against independent observations.
Estrella Olmedo, Verónica González-Gambau, Antonio Turiel, Cristina González-Haro, Aina García-Espriu, Marilaure Gregoire, Aida Álvera-Azcárate, Luminita Buga, and Marie-Hélène Rio
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-364, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-364, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We present the first dedicated satellite salinity product in the Black Sea. We use the measurements provided by the European Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission. We introduce enhanced algorithms for dealing with the contamination produced by the Radio Frequency Interferences that strongly affect this basin. We also provide a complete quality assessment of the new product and give an estimated accuracy of it.
Sandrine Mulet, Marie-Hélène Rio, Hélène Etienne, Camilia Artana, Mathilde Cancet, Gérald Dibarboure, Hui Feng, Romain Husson, Nicolas Picot, Christine Provost, and P. Ted Strub
Ocean Sci., 17, 789–808, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-789-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-789-2021, 2021
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Satellite altimetry has revolutionized ocean observation by allowing the sea level to be monitored with very good spatiotemporal coverage. However, only the sea level anomalies are retrieved; to monitor the whole oceanic signal a temporal mean (called mean dynamic topography, MDT) must be added to these anomalies. In this study we present the newly updated CNES-CLS18 MDT. An evaluation of this new solution shows significant improvements in both strong currents and coastal areas.
Bertrand Cluzet, Matthieu Lafaysse, Emmanuel Cosme, Clément Albergel, Louis-François Meunier, and Marie Dumont
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1595–1614, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1595-2021, 2021
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In the mountains, the combination of large model error and observation sparseness is a challenge for data assimilation. Here, we develop two variants of the particle filter (PF) in order to propagate the information content of observations into unobserved areas. By adjusting observation errors or exploiting background correlation patterns, we demonstrate the potential for partial observations of snow depth and surface reflectance to improve model accuracy with the PF in an idealised setting.
Loren Carrere, Brian K. Arbic, Brian Dushaw, Gary Egbert, Svetlana Erofeeva, Florent Lyard, Richard D. Ray, Clément Ubelmann, Edward Zaron, Zhongxiang Zhao, Jay F. Shriver, Maarten Cornelis Buijsman, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 17, 147–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-147-2021, 2021
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Internal tides can have a signature of several centimeters at the ocean surface and need to be corrected from altimeter measurements. We present a detailed validation of several internal-tide models using existing satellite altimeter databases. The analysis focuses on the main diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents. Results show the interest of the methodology proposed, the quality of the internal-tide models tested and their positive contribution for estimating an accurate sea level.
Guillaume Taburet, Antonio Sanchez-Roman, Maxime Ballarotta, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Jean-François Legeais, Florent Fournier, Yannice Faugere, and Gerald Dibarboure
Ocean Sci., 15, 1207–1224, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1207-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1207-2019, 2019
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This paper deals with sea level altimetery products. These geophysical data are distributed as along-track and gridded data through Copernicus programs CMEMS and C3S. We present in detail a new reprocessing of the data (DT2018) from 1993 to 2017. The main changes and their impacts since the last version (DT2014) are carefully discussed. This comparison is made using an independent dataset. DT2018 sea level products are improved at the global and regional scale, especially in coastal areas.
Maxime Ballarotta, Clément Ubelmann, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Guillaume Taburet, Florent Fournier, Jean-François Legeais, Yannice Faugère, Antoine Delepoulle, Dudley Chelton, Gérald Dibarboure, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 15, 1091–1109, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1091-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1091-2019, 2019
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This study investigates the resolving capabilities of the DUACS gridded products delivered through the CMEMS catalogue. Our method is based on the noise-to-signal ratio approach. While altimeter along-track data resolve scales on the order of a few tens of kilometers, we found that the merging of these along-track data into continuous maps in time and space leads to effective resolution ranging from ~ 800 km wavelength at the Equator to 100 km wavelength at high latitude.
Ann-Sophie Tissier, Jean-Michel Brankart, Charles-Emmanuel Testut, Giovanni Ruggiero, Emmanuel Cosme, and Pierre Brasseur
Ocean Sci., 15, 443–457, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-443-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-443-2019, 2019
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To better exploit the observational information available for all scales in data assimilation systems, we investigate a new method to introduce scale separation in the algorithm. It consists in carrying out the analysis with spectral localisation for the large scales and spatial localisation for the residual scales. The performance is then checked explicitly and separately for all scales. Results show that accuracy can be improved for the large scales while preserving reliability at all scales.
Florent Garnier, Pierre Brasseur, Jean-Michel Brankart, Yeray Santana-Falcon, and Emmanuel Cosme
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2018-153, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2018-153, 2019
Publication in OS not foreseen
Fanny Larue, Alain Royer, Danielle De Sève, Alexandre Roy, and Emmanuel Cosme
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5711–5734, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5711-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5711-2018, 2018
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A data assimilation scheme was developed to improve snow water equivalent (SWE) simulations by updating meteorological forcings and snowpack states using passive microwave satellite observations. A chain of models was first calibrated to simulate satellite observations over northeastern Canada. The assimilation was then validated over 12 stations where daily SWE measurements were acquired during 4 winters (2012–2016). The overall SWE bias is reduced by 68 % compared to original SWE simulations.
Fabrice Ardhuin, Yevgueny Aksenov, Alvise Benetazzo, Laurent Bertino, Peter Brandt, Eric Caubet, Bertrand Chapron, Fabrice Collard, Sophie Cravatte, Jean-Marc Delouis, Frederic Dias, Gérald Dibarboure, Lucile Gaultier, Johnny Johannessen, Anton Korosov, Georgy Manucharyan, Dimitris Menemenlis, Melisa Menendez, Goulven Monnier, Alexis Mouche, Frédéric Nouguier, George Nurser, Pierre Rampal, Ad Reniers, Ernesto Rodriguez, Justin Stopa, Céline Tison, Clément Ubelmann, Erik van Sebille, and Jiping Xie
Ocean Sci., 14, 337–354, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-337-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-337-2018, 2018
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The Sea surface KInematics Multiscale (SKIM) monitoring mission is a proposal for a future satellite that is designed to measure ocean currents and waves. Using a Doppler radar, the accurate measurement of currents requires the removal of the mean velocity due to ocean wave motions. This paper describes the main processing steps needed to produce currents and wave data from the radar measurements. With this technique, SKIM can provide unprecedented coverage and resolution, over the global ocean.
Luc Charrois, Emmanuel Cosme, Marie Dumont, Matthieu Lafaysse, Samuel Morin, Quentin Libois, and Ghislain Picard
The Cryosphere, 10, 1021–1038, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1021-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1021-2016, 2016
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This study investigates the assimilation of optical reflectances, snowdepth data and both combined into a multilayer snowpack model. Data assimilation is performed with an ensemble-based method, the Sequential Importance Resampling Particle filter. Experiments assimilating only synthetic data are conducted at one point in the French Alps, the Col du Lautaret, over five hydrological years. Results of the assimilation experiments show improvements of the snowpack bulk variables estimates.
F. d'Ovidio, A. Della Penna, T. W. Trull, F. Nencioli, M.-I. Pujol, M.-H. Rio, Y.-H. Park, C. Cotté, M. Zhou, and S. Blain
Biogeosciences, 12, 5567–5581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5567-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5567-2015, 2015
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Field campaigns are instrumental in providing ground truth for understanding and modeling global ocean biogeochemical budgets. A survey however can only inspect a fraction of the global oceans, typically a region hundreds of kilometers wide for a temporal window of the order of (at most) several weeks. In this spatiotemporal domain, mesoscale variability can mask climatological contrasts. Here we propose the use of multisatellite-based Lagrangian diagnostics to solve this issue.
M. Ballarotta, F. Roquet, S. Falahat, Q. Zhang, and G. Madec
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-3597-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-3597-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We investigate the impact of the ocean geothermal heating (OGH) on a glacial ocean state using numerical simulations. We found that the OGH is a significant forcing of the abyssal ocean and thermohaline circulation. Applying the OGH warms the Antarctic Bottom Water by ~0.4°C and strengthens the deep circulation by 15% to 30%. The geothermally heated waters are advected from the Indo-Pacific to the North Atlantic basin, indirectly favouring the deep convection in the North Atlantic.
G. A. Ruggiero, Y. Ourmières, E. Cosme, J. Blum, D. Auroux, and J. Verron
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 233–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-233-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-233-2015, 2015
M. Ballarotta, S. Falahat, L. Brodeau, and K. Döös
Ocean Sci., 10, 907–921, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-907-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-907-2014, 2014
S. Metref, E. Cosme, C. Snyder, and P. Brasseur
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 869–885, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-869-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-869-2014, 2014
M.-H. Rio, A. Pascual, P.-M. Poulain, M. Menna, B. Barceló, and J. Tintoré
Ocean Sci., 10, 731–744, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-731-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-731-2014, 2014
M. Ballarotta, L. Brodeau, J. Brandefelt, P. Lundberg, and K. Döös
Clim. Past, 9, 2669–2686, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2669-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2669-2013, 2013
M. Ballarotta, L. Brodeau, J. Brandefelt, P. Lundberg, and K. Döös
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-297-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-297-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Related subject area
Approach: Remote Sensing | Properties and processes: Mesoscale to submesoscale dynamics
Sargassum spp. accumulation and transport by mesoscale eddies
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Enhanced resolution capability of SWOT sea surface height measurements and their application in monitoring ocean dynamics variability
Generation of super-resolution gap-free ocean colour satellite products using data-interpolating empirical orthogonal functions (DINEOF)
Synoptic observation of full mesoscale eddy lifetime and its secondary instabilities in the Gulf of Mexico
Blending 2D topography images from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission into the altimeter constellation with the Level-3 multi-mission Data Unification and Altimeter Combination System (DUACS)
Estimating ocean currents from the joint reconstruction of absolute dynamic topography and sea surface temperature through deep learning algorithms
Integrating wide-swath altimetry data into Level-4 multi-mission maps
Monitoring the coastal–offshore water interactions in the Levantine Sea using ocean color and deep supervised learning
Multiple timescale variations in fronts in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan
MAESSTRO: Masked Autoencoders for Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction under Occlusion
Deep learning for the super resolution of Mediterranean sea surface temperature fields
Impact of surface and subsurface-intensified eddies on sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a in the northern Indian Ocean utilizing deep learning
Ocean 2D eddy energy fluxes from small mesoscale processes with SWOT
Rosmery Sosa-Gutierrez, Julien Jouanno, and Leo Berline
Ocean Sci., 21, 1505–1514, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1505-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1505-2025, 2025
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Since 2010, pelagic Sargassum spp. blooms have increased in several tropical Atlantic regions, causing socioeconomic and ecosystem impacts. Offshore structuration of Sargassum by mesoscale dynamics may influence transport and growth. Sargassum stays afloat, constantly interacting with currents, waves, winds, and mesoscale eddies. We find that anticyclones and cyclones effectively trap Sargassum throughout its propagation, with a greater tendency for cyclones to accumulate Sargassum.
Xiaoya Zhang, Lei Liu, Jianfang Fei, Zhijin Li, Zexun Wei, Zhiwei Zhang, Xingliang Jiang, Zexin Dong, and Feng Xu
Ocean Sci., 21, 1033–1045, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1033-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1033-2025, 2025
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Our research evaluated the precision of mapping the ocean's surface with combined data from a couple of satellites, focusing on dynamic aspects revealed by sea level changes. The results show that 2DVAR (two-dimensional variation), a new mapping product, aligns more closely and with less error with the most advanced satellite observations than a widely used mapping product called AVISO (Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic). The results suggest that 2DVAR detects minor ocean movements better, making it more valuable and reliable for ocean dynamic study.
Yong Wang, Shengjun Zhang, and Yongjun Jia
Ocean Sci., 21, 931–944, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-931-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-931-2025, 2025
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The distance-weighted averaging method was used to calculate the along-orbit sea surface height (SSH) wavenumber spectra of four satellites and to evaluate the along-track resolution capability of the four satellites. The results show that the resolution of Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) in the Kuroshio region is 25 km, which is twice the resolution of conventional satellites. A parameter was defined using the cross-power-spectrum approach and used to analyse the global ocean.
Aida Alvera-Azcárate, Dimitry Van der Zande, Alexander Barth, Antoine Dille, Joppe Massant, and Jean-Marie Beckers
Ocean Sci., 21, 787–805, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-787-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-787-2025, 2025
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This work presents an approach for increasing the spatial resolution of satellite data and interpolating gaps due to cloud cover, using a method called DINEOF (data-interpolating empirical orthogonal functions). The method is tested on turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration data in the Belgian coastal zone and the North Sea. The results show that we are able to improve the spatial resolution of these data in order to perform analyses of spatial and temporal variability in coastal regions.
Charly de Marez
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1592, 2025
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Oceanic eddies are giant swirling currents that help transport heat, nutrients, and pollutants across the ocean. However, their full life cycle has never been observed in detail. Using new satellite data, we tracked an intense eddy in the Gulf of Mexico, describing its life cycle from birth to dissipation. Our observations reveal small scale turbulence surrounding it and interactions with other structures that shape its evolution and decay, validating decades of numerical studies.
Gerald Dibarboure, Cécile Anadon, Frédéric Briol, Emeline Cadier, Robin Chevrier, Antoine Delepoulle, Yannice Faugère, Alice Laloue, Rosemary Morrow, Nicolas Picot, Pierre Prandi, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Matthias Raynal, Anaelle Tréboutte, and Clément Ubelmann
Ocean Sci., 21, 283–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-283-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-283-2025, 2025
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The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission delivers unprecedented swath-altimetry products. In this paper, we describe how we extended the Level-3 algorithms to handle SWOT’s unique swath-altimeter data. We also illustrate and discuss the benefits, relevance, and limitations of Level-3 swath-altimeter products for various research domains.
Daniele Ciani, Claudia Fanelli, and Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli
Ocean Sci., 21, 199–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-199-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-199-2025, 2025
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Ocean surface currents are routinely derived from satellite observations of the sea level, allowing regional- to global-scale synoptic monitoring. In order to overcome the theoretical and instrumental limits of this methodology, we exploit the synergy of multi-sensor satellite observations. We rely on deep learning, physics-informed algorithms to predict ocean currents from sea surface height and sea surface temperature observations. Results are validated by means of in situ measurements.
Maxime Ballarotta, Clément Ubelmann, Valentin Bellemin-Laponnaz, Florian Le Guillou, Guillaume Meda, Cécile Anadon, Alice Laloue, Antoine Delepoulle, Yannice Faugère, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Ronan Fablet, and Gérald Dibarboure
Ocean Sci., 21, 63–80, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-63-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-63-2025, 2025
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The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides unprecedented swath altimetry data. This study examines SWOT's impact on mapping systems, showing a moderate effect with the current nadir altimetry constellation and a stronger impact with a reduced one. Integrating SWOT with dynamic mapping techniques improves the resolution of satellite-derived products, offering promising solutions for studying and monitoring sea-level variability at finer scales.
Georges Baaklini, Julien Brajard, Leila Issa, Gina Fifani, Laurent Mortier, and Roy El Hourany
Ocean Sci., 20, 1707–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1707-2024, 2024
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Understanding the flow of the Levantine Sea surface current is not straightforward. We propose a study based on learning techniques to follow interactions between water near the shore and further out at sea. Our results show changes in the coastal currents past 33.8° E, with frequent instances of water breaking away along the Lebanese coast. These events happen quickly and sometimes lead to long-lasting eddies. This study underscores the need for direct observations to improve our knowledge.
Menghong Dong and Xinyu Guo
Ocean Sci., 20, 1527–1546, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1527-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1527-2024, 2024
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We employed a gradient-based algorithm to identify the position and intensity of the fronts in a coastal sea using sea surface temperature data, thereby quantifying their variations. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of these fronts, elucidating their seasonal variability, intra-tidal dynamics, and the influence of winds on the fronts. By capturing the temporal and spatial dynamics of these fronts, our understanding of the complex oceanographic processes within this region is enhanced.
Edwin Goh, Alice Yepremyan, Jinbo Wang, and Brian Wilson
Ocean Sci., 20, 1309–1323, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1309-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1309-2024, 2024
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An AI model was used to fill in missing parts of sea temperature (SST) maps caused by cloud cover. We found masked autoencoders can recreate missing SSTs with less than 0.2 °C error, even when 80 % are missing. This is 5000 times faster than conventional methods tested on a single central processing unit. This can enhance our ability in monitoring global small-scale ocean fronts that affect heat, carbon, and nutrient exchange in the ocean. The method is promising for future research.
Claudia Fanelli, Daniele Ciani, Andrea Pisano, and Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli
Ocean Sci., 20, 1035–1050, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1035-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1035-2024, 2024
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Sea surface temperature (SST) is an essential variable to understanding the Earth's climate system, and its accurate monitoring from space is essential. Since satellite measurements are hindered by cloudy/rainy conditions, data gaps are present even in merged multi-sensor products. Since optimal interpolation techniques tend to smooth out small-scale features, we developed a deep learning model to enhance the effective resolution of gap-free SST images over the Mediterranean Sea to address this.
Yingjie Liu and Xiaofeng Li
Ocean Sci., 19, 1579–1593, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1579-2023, 2023
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The study developed a deep learning model that effectively distinguishes between surface- and subsurface-intensified eddies in the northern Indian Ocean by integrating sea surface height and temperature data. The accurate distinction between these types of eddies provides valuable insights into their dynamics and their impact on marine ecosystems in the northern Indian Ocean and contributes to understanding the complex interactions between eddy dynamics and biogeochemical processes in the ocean.
Elisa Carli, Rosemary Morrow, Oscar Vergara, Robin Chevrier, and Lionel Renault
Ocean Sci., 19, 1413–1435, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1413-2023, 2023
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Oceanic eddies are the structures carrying most of the energy in our oceans. They are key to climate regulation and nutrient transport. We prepare for the Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission, studying eddy dynamics in the region south of Africa, where the Indian and Atlantic oceans meet, using models and simulated satellite data. SWOT will provide insights into the structures smaller than what is currently observable, which appear to greatly contribute to eddy kinetic energy and strain.
Cited articles
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Short summary
Altimetry provides sea surface height (SSH) data along one-dimensional tracks. For many applications, the tracks are interpolated in space and time to provide gridded SSH maps. The operational SSH gridded products filter out the small-scale signals measured on the tracks. This paper evaluates the performances of a recently implemented dynamical method to retrieve the small-scale signals from real SSH data. We show a net improvement in the quality of SSH maps when compared to independent data.
Altimetry provides sea surface height (SSH) data along one-dimensional tracks. For many...
