Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-2903-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-2903-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
Research article
 | 
25 Sep 2026
Research article |  | 25 Sep 2026

North Atlantic sea level budget revisited

Zhe Song, Anny Cazenave, William Llovel, Andrea Storto, and Marie Bouih

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Short summary
The objective of this study is to understand why the North Atlantic sea level budget is not closed over the Argo and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) era. We show that using an ocean reanalysis for the ocean mass component instead of GRACE, and accounting for deep ocean warming allows quasi-closure of the North Atlantic sea level budget within data uncertainties.
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