Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-2691-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-2691-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
Research article
 | 
07 Sep 2026
Research article |  | 07 Sep 2026

Current status of ocean observation, ensemble reanalysis and CMIP6 models in describing Antarctic Bottom Water

Siran Chen, Jiping Liu, and Xianxian Han

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Short summary
Antarctic Bottom Water influences global ocean circulation, heat storage, and carbon uptake. We compared an observational atlas, an ocean reconstruction, and 16 climate models by separating this water into three regional types. The reconstruction matched the observed large-scale patterns well, but many climate models showed substantial regional temperature and salinity errors. Correcting average biases improved some models, although errors in spatial structure remained.
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