Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2505-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2505-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
Research article
 | 
20 Oct 2025
Research article |  | 20 Oct 2025

Amplified warming and marine heatwaves in the North Sea under a warming climate and their impacts

Bayoumy Mohamed, Alexander Barth, Dimitry Van der Zande, and Aida Alvera-Azcárate

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Short summary
We quantified the role of climate change and internal variability in marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the North Sea over more than 4 decades (1982–2024). A key finding is the 2013 climate shift, which was associated with increased warming and MHWs. Long-term warming accounted for 80 % of the observed trend in MHW frequency. The most intense MHW event in May 2024 was attributed to an anomalous anticyclonic atmospheric circulation. We also explored the impact of MHWs on chlorophyll concentration.
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