Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2463-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2463-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
Research article
 | 
17 Oct 2025
Research article |  | 17 Oct 2025

Leading dynamical processes of global marine heatwaves in an ocean state estimate

Jacopo Sala, Donata Giglio, Antonietta Capotondi, Thea Sukianto, and Mikael Kuusela

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Short summary
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extreme ocean warming events that can harm marine life, but their causes are not fully understood. We studied MHWs worldwide using ocean observations, satellite data, and a high-quality ocean model. Our results show that changes in the atmosphere are the main cause of these events, although ocean currents play a key role in some regions. A better understanding of MHWs will help predict them and support efforts to protect marine ecosystems and coastal communities.
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