Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-201-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-201-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Unsupervised classification of the northwestern European seas based on satellite altimetry data
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
now at: National Centre for Climate Research, Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Dani Jones
British Antarctic Survey, NERC, UKRI, Cambridge, UK
Simon D. A. Thomas
British Antarctic Survey, NERC, UKRI, Cambridge, UK
Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Céline Heuzé
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Extreme sea levels will worsen under climate change. In northern Europe, what drives these extreme events will not change, so determining these drivers is of use for planning coastal defences. Here, using two machine learning methods on hourly tide gauge and weather data at nine locations around the North and Baltic seas, we determine that the drivers of prolonged periods of high sea level are westerly winds, whereas the drivers of the most extreme peaks depend on the coastline geometry.
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In 2015, record low temperatures were observed in the North Atlantic. Using an ocean model, we show that surface heat loss in December 2013 caused 75 % of the initial cooling before this "cold blob" was trapped below the surface. The following summer, the cold blob re-emerged due to a strong temperature difference between the surface ocean and below, driving vertical diffusion of heat. Lower than average surface warming then led to the coldest temperature anomalies in August 2015.
Simon D. A. Thomas, Daniel C. Jones, Anita Faul, Erik Mackie, and Etienne Pauthenet
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Martin Mohrmann, Céline Heuzé, and Sebastiaan Swart
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Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-132, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-132, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Traditional weather & climate models are built from physics-based equations, while data-driven models are built from patterns found in datasets using Machine Learning or statistics. There is growing interest in using data-driven models for weather & climate prediction, but confidence in their use depends on understanding the patterns they're finding. We look at this with a simple regression model of ocean temperature and see the patterns found by the regression model are similar to the physics.
Céline Heuzé
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Short summary
In this study we use a machine learning method called a Gaussian mixture model to divide part of the ocean (northwestern European seas and part of the Atlantic Ocean) into regions based on satellite observations of sea level. This helps us study each of these regions separately and learn more about what causes sea level changes there. We find that the ocean is first divided based on bathymetry and then based on other features such as water masses and typical atmospheric conditions.
In this study we use a machine learning method called a Gaussian mixture model to divide part of...