Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-3287-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-3287-2026
Review article
 | 
21 Oct 2026
Review article |  | 21 Oct 2026

The circulation and water mass (trans)formations in the Arctic Mediterranean Sea and their implications for the deep ocean circulation: a narrative

Bert Rudels and Eddy Carmack

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Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse

Peer review completion

AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
AR by Bert Rudels on behalf of the Authors (30 Jun 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (01 Jul 2026) by Ilker Fer
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (17 Jul 2026)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (18 Jul 2026) by Ilker Fer
AR by Bert Rudels on behalf of the Authors (28 Jul 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (29 Jul 2026) by Ilker Fer
AR by Bert Rudels on behalf of the Authors (10 Aug 2026)  Author's response 

Post-review adjustments

AA – Author's adjustment | EA – Editor approval
AA by Bert Rudels on behalf of the Authors (19 Oct 2026)   Author's adjustment   Manuscript
EA: Adjustments approved (19 Oct 2026) by Ilker Fer
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Short summary
The pathways and transformations of water masses within the Arctic Mediterranean Sea are traced and how waters leaving differ from those entering elucidated. Processes constraining sea ice formation and melting due to atmospheric interaction and exchanges with the underlying ocean are central to understanding the Arctic Ocean. The focus is on the Atlantic water, how its northward circulation affects the Arctic conditions, and how returning, transformed water impacts the global circulation.
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