Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-3037-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-3037-2026
Research article
 | 
06 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 06 Oct 2026

Storm-modulated submesoscale dynamics over sloping topography in a wind-driven, non-tidal basin

Evridiki Chrysagi, Lars Umlauf, Ulf Gräwe, Hans Burchard, and Alberto C. Naveira Garabato

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AR by Evridiki Chrysagi on behalf of the Authors (03 Sep 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (17 Sep 2026) by Katsuro Katsumata
AR by Evridiki Chrysagi on behalf of the Authors (21 Sep 2026)  Manuscript 
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Short summary
High-resolution numerical simulations of the Baltic Sea reveal that fine-scale features known as submesoscales are widespread in the deeper layers of the basin, especially near its boundaries. These features are linked to strong mixing and, in this wind-driven system, are found to intensify during storms, with wind reversals shifting the location of mixing hotspots. Our results suggest that storm-modulated submesoscales may be important in other wind-driven coastal seas and lakes.
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