Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1439-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1439-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
Research article
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 | 
08 May 2026
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 08 May 2026

The Scotland–Canada overturning array (SCOTIA): twenty years of meridional overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic

Alan D. Fox, Neil J. Fraser, Kristin Burmeister, Sam C. Jones, Stuart A. Cunningham, Lewis A. Drysdale, Ahmad Fehmi Dilmahamod, and Johannes Karstensen

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Editorial statement
There is growing evidence that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is on course to reach a tipping point, a prospect that is increasingly shaping scientific, policy, and media discourse. Here, the authors double the length of the observed AMOC record in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre to cover 2004-2024. They find that the subpolar AMOC exhibited no weakening trend in that time. The methodology could provide a blueprint for a lightweight, reliable and sustainable subpolar AMOC observing system for the coming decades.
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Short summary
The Atlantic ocean circulation that helps regulate climate is expected to weaken this century. Long-term measurements in the subtropics now show signs of weakening, but northern data are shorter and more variable. By combining several observing systems, we reconstructed northern circulation since 2004 and found strong ups and downs, but no clear long-term weakening so far.
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