Ocean Science
Ocean Science
OS
Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-3031-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-3031-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
Research article
 | 
19 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 19 Nov 2025

Modeling water column gas transformation, migration and atmospheric flux from seafloor seepage

Knut Ola Dølven, Håvard Espenes, Alfred Hanssen, Muhammed Fatih Sert, Magnus Drivdal, Achim Randelhoff, and Bénédicte Ferré

Data sets

Replication data for "Modeling water column gas transformation, migration and atmospheric flux from seafloor seepage" Knut Ola Dølven and Håvard Espenes https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15042308

Model code and software

Methane Concentration and Flux Modelling With OpenDrift (v1.1) Knut Ola Dølven and Håvard Espenes https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17350322

KnutOlaD/M2PG1_functions: Initial submission to Ocean Science (v1.0.0) Knut Ola Dølven https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15042452

akd_estimator: Adaptive bandwidth kernel density estimator with boundary control (v1.2.1) Knut Ola Dølven and A. Hanssen https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17588979

Video supplement

Animation of layered 3-D concentration of methane Knut Ola Dølven https://doi.org/10.5446/69942

Animation of 2-D diffusive release of methane Knut Ola Dølven https://doi.org/10.5446/69941

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Short summary
We modeled how gas seeping from the seafloor spreads in the ocean and how much reaches the atmosphere. Using gas-exchange and hydrodynamic models, we estimated gas dissolution, atmospheric release, and 3D concentration fields. Applied to a methane seep offshore Norway, most methane dissolved and much was consumed by microbes, though uncertainties remain due to microbial and mixing assumptions.
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