This study examines how multiple processes in the northern Red Sea form Red Sea Outflow Water and affect biogeochemical fluxes. Using glider data, wind and air–sea flux reanalysis, and satellite observations, it highlights seasonal evolution. Eddy-driven upwelling exposes cool water to heat loss and evaporation, fueling primary productivity. Circulation patterns block inflows, extend cooling, and subduct water into the ocean interior, influencing regional dynamics.