Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2345-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2345-2025
Research article
 | 
08 Oct 2025
Research article |  | 08 Oct 2025

Mechanisms of the overturning circulation in the northern Red Sea other than convective mixing

Lina Eyouni, Zoi Kokkini, Nikolaos D. Zarokanellos, and Burton H. Jones

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Cited articles

Abualnaja, Y., Papadopoulos, V. P., Josey, S., Hoteit, I., Kontoyiannis, H., and Raitsos, D. E.: Impacts of Climate Modes on Air-Sea Heat Exchange in the Red Sea, J. Climate, 28, 2665–2681, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00379.1, 2015. 
Acker, J., Leptoukh, G., Shen, S., Zhu, T., and Kempler, S.: Remotely-sensed chlorophyll a observations of the northern Red Sea indicate seasonal variability and influence of coastal reefs, J. Mar. Syst., 69, 191–204, 2008. 
Al Senafi, F., Anis, A., and Menezes, V.: Surface Heat Fluxes over the Northern Arabian Gulf and the Northern Red Sea: Evaluation of ECMWF-ERA5 and NASA-MERRA2 Reanalyses, Atmosphere, 10, 504, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090504, 2019. 
Asfahani, K., Krokos, G., Papadopoulos, V. P., Jones, B. H., Sofianos, S., Kheireddine, M., and Hoteit, I.: Capturing a Mode of Intermediate Water Formation in the Red Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jc015803, 2020. 
Beal, L. M., Field, A., and Gordon, A. L.: Spreading of Red Sea overflow waters in the Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8549–8564, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900306, 2000. 
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Short summary
This study examines how multiple processes in the northern Red Sea form Red Sea Outflow Water and affect biogeochemical fluxes. Using glider data, wind and air–sea flux reanalysis, and satellite observations, it highlights seasonal evolution. Eddy-driven upwelling exposes cool water to heat loss and evaporation, fueling primary productivity. Circulation patterns block inflows, extend cooling, and subduct water into the ocean interior, influencing regional dynamics.
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