Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2069-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2069-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 5
Research article
 | 
19 Sep 2025
Research article |  | 19 Sep 2025

Salinity trends and mass balances in the Mediterranean Sea: revisit the role of air-sea freshwater fluxes and oceanic exchange

Chao Liu, Xinfeng Liang, and Lisan Yu

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Short summary
We investigated what drives long-term changes in the Mediterranean Sea's salt and water balance. We found that shifts in freshwater input from rainfall and evaporation, along with water exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar, control these variations. Our results show that changes in freshwater fluxes, rather than water exchange, have a stronger influence on long-term trends. Understanding these processes helps predict how the Mediterranean might respond to future climate change.
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