Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-43-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-43-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Jan 2024
Research article |
| 17 Jan 2024
| 17 Jan 2024
Internal tides off the Amazon shelf – Part 1: The importance of the structuring of ocean temperature during two contrasted seasons
Université de Toulouse, LEGOS (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3), 31400 Toulouse, France
Mercator Ocean International, 31400, Toulouse, France
Ariane Koch-Larrouy
Université de Toulouse, LEGOS (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3), 31400 Toulouse, France
Isabelle Dadou
Université de Toulouse, LEGOS (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3), 31400 Toulouse, France
Michel Tchilibou
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), 31500, Ramonville Saint-Agne, France
Guillaume Morvan
Université de Toulouse, LEGOS (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3), 31400 Toulouse, France
Jérôme Chanut
Mercator Ocean International, 31400, Toulouse, France
Alex Costa da Silva
Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, DOCEAN/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
Vincent Vantrepotte
Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG), 62930, Wiméreux, France
Damien Allain
Université de Toulouse, LEGOS (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3), 31400 Toulouse, France
Trung-Kien Tran
Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG), 62930, Wiméreux, France
Related authors
Carina Regina de Macedo, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, José Carlos Bastos da Silva, Jorge Manuel Magalhães, Fernand Assene, Manh Duy Tran, Isabelle Dadou, Amine M’Hamdi, Trung Kien Tran, and Vincent Vantrepotte
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2307, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2307, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Ocean Science (OS).
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We investigated how ocean tides influence marine phytoplankton along the North Brazilian coast. Using satellite data from 2005 to 2021, we found that tides can either enhance or reduce phytoplankton growth on the continental shelf. Offshore, internal tides stimulate primary production along their pathways. These results improve our understanding of how tidal processes shape marine life in tropical coastal regions.
Carina Regina de Macedo, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, José Carlos Bastos da Silva, Jorge Manuel Magalhães, Fernand Assene, Manh Duy Tran, Isabelle Dadou, Amine M’Hamdi, Trung Kien Tran, and Vincent Vantrepotte
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2307, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2307, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Ocean Science (OS).
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We investigated how ocean tides influence marine phytoplankton along the North Brazilian coast. Using satellite data from 2005 to 2021, we found that tides can either enhance or reduce phytoplankton growth on the continental shelf. Offshore, internal tides stimulate primary production along their pathways. These results improve our understanding of how tidal processes shape marine life in tropical coastal regions.
Amine M'hamdi, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, Alex Costa da Silva, Isabelle Dadou, Carina Regina De Macedo, Anthony Bosse, Vincent Vantrepotte, Habib Micaël Aguedjou, Trung-Kien Tran, Pierre Testor, Laurent Mortier, Arnaud Bertrand, Pedro Augusto Mendes de Castro Melo, James Lee, Marcelo Rollnic, and Moacyr Araujo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2141, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2141, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Ocean Science (OS).
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In the ocean off the Amazon shelf, internal waves caused by tides shift water layers through advection and mix them through turbulence, altering the deep chlorophyll maximum, a proxy for phytoplankton. Using an autonomous underwater glider and satellite data, we found these waves redistribute chlorophyll vertically, enhancing its supply at the surface and at depth. This redistribution supports ocean productivity and may impact the entire marine food web.
Michel Tchilibou, Loren Carrere, Florent Lyard, Clément Ubelmann, Gérald Dibarboure, Edward D. Zaron, and Brian K. Arbic
Ocean Sci., 21, 325–342, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-325-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-325-2025, 2025
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Sea level observations along the swaths of the new SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) mission were used to characterize internal tides at three semidiurnal frequencies off the Amazon shelf in the tropical Atlantic during the SWOT calibration/validation period. The atlases were derived using harmonic analysis and principal component analysis. The SWOT-derived internal tide atlas outperforms the reference atlas previously used to correct SWOT observations.
Michel Tchilibou, Simon Barbot, Loren Carrere, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, Gérald Dibarboure, and Clément Ubelmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3947, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3947, 2025
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This study presents the annual and monthly MIOST (MIOST24) internal tide atlases for the Indo-Philippine archipelago and the region off the Amazon shelf. Derived from 25 years of altimetry data and an updated wavelength database, the atlases reveal significant monthly variability of internal tides in both regions. The new atlas improves the correction of internal tides in altimetry data and outperforms MIOST 2022 and HRET existing atlases, thus supporting the development of a global atlas.
Erick Vinicius Correia da Cunha, Pedro Augusto Mendes de Castro Melo, Gabriel Bittencourt Farias, and Vincent Vantrepotte
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-3-2024, 89–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-3-2024-89-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-3-2024-89-2024, 2024
Fabius Kouogang, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, Jorge Magalhaes, Alex Costa da Silva, Daphne Kerhervé, Arnaud Bertrand, Evan Cervelli, Jean-François Ternon, Pierre Rousselot, James Lee, Marcelo Rollnic, and Moacyr Araujo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2548, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2548, 2024
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The first time direct measurements of turbulent dissipation from AMAZOMIX revealed high energy dissipations within [10-6,10-4] W.kg-1 caused at 65 % apart from internal tides in their generation zone, and [10-8,10-7] W.kg-1 caused at 50.4 % by mean circulation of surrounding water masses far fields. Finally, estimates of nutrient fluxes showed a very high flux of nitrate ([10-2, 10-0] mmol N m-2.s-1) and phosphate ([10-3, 10-1] mmol P m-2.s-1), due to both processes in Amazon region.
Carina Regina de Macedo, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, José Carlos Bastos da Silva, Jorge Manuel Magalhães, Carlos Alessandre Domingos Lentini, Trung Kien Tran, Marcelo Caetano Barreto Rosa, and Vincent Vantrepotte
Ocean Sci., 19, 1357–1374, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1357-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1357-2023, 2023
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We focus on the internal solitary waves (ISWs) off the Amazon shelf, their velocity, and their variability in seasonal and tidal cycles. The analysis is based on a large remote-sensing data set. The region is newly described as a hot spot for ISWs with mode-2 internal tide wavelength. The wave activity is higher during spring tides. The mode-1 waves located in the region influenced by the North Equatorial Counter Current showed a velocity/wavelength 14.3 % higher during the boreal summer/fall.
Arne Bendinger, Sophie Cravatte, Lionel Gourdeau, Laurent Brodeau, Aurélie Albert, Michel Tchilibou, Florent Lyard, and Clément Vic
Ocean Sci., 19, 1315–1338, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1315-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1315-2023, 2023
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New Caledonia is a hot spot of internal-tide generation due to complex bathymetry. Regional modeling quantifies the coherent internal tide and shows that most energy is converted in shallow waters and on very steep slopes. The region is a challenge for observability of balanced dynamics due to strong internal-tide sea surface height (SSH) signatures at similar wavelengths. Correcting the SSH for the coherent internal tide may increase the observability of balanced motion to < 100 km.
Edward D. Zaron, Tonia A. Capuano, and Ariane Koch-Larrouy
Ocean Sci., 19, 43–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-43-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-43-2023, 2023
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Phytoplankton in the upper ocean are food for fish and are thus economically important to humans; furthermore, phytoplankton consume nutrients and generate oxygen by photosynthesis, just like plants on land. Vertical mixing in the ocean is responsible for transporting nutrients into the sunlit zone of the surface ocean. We used remotely sensed data to quantify the influence of tidal mixing on phytoplankton through an analysis of ocean color, which we interpret as chlorophyll concentration.
Everton Giachini Tosetto, Arnaud Bertrand, Sigrid Neumann-Leitão, Alex Costa da Silva, and Miodeli Nogueira Júnior
Ocean Sci., 18, 1763–1779, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1763-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1763-2022, 2022
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In the western tropical South Atlantic, coastward currents spread oceanic cnidarians over the continental shelf. While both coastal and oceanic communities co-occur in scenarios of higher runoff and weaker boundary current intensity, oceanic species dominate almost the entire shelf during the dry season characterized by stronger currents. Meanwhile, offshore, when the mixed-layer depth is shallower, the enhanced primary productivity supports larger populations of planktonic cnidarians.
Michel Tchilibou, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, Simon Barbot, Florent Lyard, Yves Morel, Julien Jouanno, and Rosemary Morrow
Ocean Sci., 18, 1591–1618, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1591-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1591-2022, 2022
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This high-resolution model-based study investigates the variability in the generation, propagation, and sea height signature (SSH) of the internal tide off the Amazon shelf during two contrasted seasons. ITs propagate further north during the season characterized by weak currents and mesoscale eddies and a shallow and strong pycnocline. IT imprints on SSH dominate those of the geostrophic motion for horizontal scales below 200 km; moreover, the SSH is mainly incoherent below 70 km.
Ramilla Vieira Assunção, Anne Lebourges-Dhaussy, Alex Costa da Silva, Bernard Bourlès, Gary Vargas, Gildas Roudaut, and Arnaud Bertrand
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2021-101, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2021-101, 2021
Publication in OS not foreseen
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Active acoustics has been used to characterize physical structures and processes in the ocean, typically attributed to biological dispersion or turbulent structures. We take advantage of acoustic data from the Southwest Atlantic to test the feasibility of this approach in an oligotrophic region. The results show that the thermohaline structure impacts the vertical distribution of acoustic scatterers, however the methods tested did not allow a robust estimate of the thermohaline limits.
Simon Barbot, Florent Lyard, Michel Tchilibou, and Loren Carrere
Ocean Sci., 17, 1563–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1563-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1563-2021, 2021
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Internal tides are responsible for surface deformations of the ocean that could affect the measurements of the forthcoming SWOT altimetric mission and need to be corrected. This study highlights the variability of the properties of internal tides based on the stratification variability only. A single methodology is successfully applied in two areas driven by different oceanic processes: the western equatorial Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay.
Florent H. Lyard, Damien J. Allain, Mathilde Cancet, Loren Carrère, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 17, 615–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-615-2021, 2021
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Since the mid-1990s, a series of FES (finite element solution) global ocean tidal atlases has been produced with the primary objective to provide altimetry missions with a tidal de-aliasing correction. We describe the underlying hydrodynamic/data assimilation design and accuracy assessments for the FES2014 release. The FES2014 atlas shows overall improved performance and has consequently been integrated in satellite altimetry and gravimetric data processing and adopted in ITRF standards.
Clément Bricaud, Julien Le Sommer, Gurvan Madec, Christophe Calone, Julie Deshayes, Christian Ethe, Jérôme Chanut, and Marina Levy
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 5465–5483, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5465-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5465-2020, 2020
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In order to reduce the cost of ocean biogeochemical models, a multi-grid approach where ocean dynamics and tracer transport are computed with different spatial resolution has been developed in the NEMO v3.6 OGCM. Different experiments confirm that the spatial resolution of hydrodynamical fields can be coarsened without significantly affecting the resolved passive tracer fields. This approach leads to a factor of 7 reduction of the overhead associated with running a full biogeochemical model.
Michel Tchilibou, Lionel Gourdeau, Florent Lyard, Rosemary Morrow, Ariane Koch Larrouy, Damien Allain, and Bughsin Djath
Ocean Sci., 16, 615–635, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-615-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-615-2020, 2020
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This paper focuses on internal tides in the marginal Solomon Sea where LLWBCs transit. The objective is to characterize such internal tides and to give some insights into their impacts on water mass transformation in this area of interest for the global circulation. Results are discussed for two contrasted ENSO conditions with different mesoscale activity and stratification. Such study is motivated by the next altimetric SWOT mission that will be able to observe such phenomena.
Violaine Piton, Marine Herrmann, Florent Lyard, Patrick Marsaleix, Thomas Duhaut, Damien Allain, and Sylvain Ouillon
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 1583–1607, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1583-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1583-2020, 2020
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Consequences of tidal dynamics on hydro-sedimentary processes are a recurrent issue in estuarine and coastal processes studies, and accurate tidal solutions are a prerequisite for modeling sediment transport. This study presents the implementation and optimization of a model configuration in terms of bathymetry and bottom friction and assess the influence of these parameters on tidal solutions, in a macro-tidal environment: the Gulf of Tonkin (Vietnam).
Michel Tchilibou, Lionel Gourdeau, Rosemary Morrow, Guillaume Serazin, Bughsin Djath, and Florent Lyard
Ocean Sci., 14, 1283–1301, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1283-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1283-2018, 2018
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This paper is motivated by the next SWOT altimetric mission dedicated to the observation of mesoscale and submesoscale oceanic features. It focuses on tropical areas with a strong discrepancy in the spectral signature between altimetry and models. The paper reviews the spectral signature of tropical turbulence which presents a rich variety of phenomena depending on the latitudinal dependence of the Coriolis force. Internal tides observed by altimetry explain the discrepancy with the model.
I. Hernández-Carrasco, J. Sudre, V. Garçon, H. Yahia, C. Garbe, A. Paulmier, B. Dewitte, S. Illig, I. Dadou, M. González-Dávila, and J. M. Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 12, 5229–5245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5229-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5229-2015, 2015
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We have reconstructed maps of air-sea CO2 fluxes at high resolution (4 km) in the offshore Benguela region using sea surface temperature and ocean colour data and CarbonTracker CO2 fluxes data at low resolution (110 km).
The inferred representation of pCO2 improves the description provided by CarbonTracker, enhancing small-scale variability.
We find that the resolution, as well as the inferred pCO2 data itself, is closer to in situ measurements of pCO2.
C. Maraldi, J. Chanut, B. Levier, N. Ayoub, P. De Mey, G. Reffray, F. Lyard, S. Cailleau, M. Drévillon, E. A. Fanjul, M. G. Sotillo, P. Marsaleix, and the Mercator Research and Development Team
Ocean Sci., 9, 745–771, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-745-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-745-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Approach: Numerical Models | Properties and processes: Internal waves, turbulence and mixing
Coupled estimation of internal tides and turbulent motions via statistical modal decomposition
Non-negligible impact of Stokes drift and wave-driven Eulerian currents on simulated surface particle dispersal in the Mediterranean Sea
Regional modeling of internal-tide dynamics around New Caledonia. Part 2: Tidal incoherence and implications for sea surface height observability
Process-based modelling of nonharmonic internal tides using adjoint, statistical, and stochastic approaches. Part I: statistical model and analysis of observational data
Seasonal variability in the semidiurnal internal tide – a comparison between sea surface height and energetics
Internal and forced ocean variability in the Mediterranean Sea
Numerical investigation of interaction between anticyclonic eddy and semidiurnal internal tide in the northeastern South China Sea
Regional modeling of internal-tide dynamics around New Caledonia – Part 1: Coherent internal-tide characteristics and sea surface height signature
Igor Maingonnat, Gilles Tissot, and Noé Lahaye
Ocean Sci., 21, 807–827, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-807-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-807-2025, 2025
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The entanglement of waves and currents in observational data complicates their respective estimation. We propose a data-driven method that provides a reduced set of modes for waves and currents. These sets of modes are correlated with each other, enabling us to perform a coupled estimation of these two physical processes. This methodology is capable of producing estimates from an instantaneous observation of sea surface height and for a strong jet signal.
Siren Rühs, Ton van den Bremer, Emanuela Clementi, Michael C. Denes, Aimie Moulin, and Erik van Sebille
Ocean Sci., 21, 217–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-217-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-217-2025, 2025
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Simulating the transport of floating particles on the ocean surface is crucial for solving many societal issues. Here, we investigate how the representation of wind-generated surface waves impacts particle transport simulations. We find that different wave-driven processes can alter transport patterns and that commonly adopted approximations are not always adequate. This suggests that ideally coupled ocean–wave models should be used for surface particle transport simulations.
Arne Bendinger, Sophie Cravatte, Lionel Gourdeau, Clément Vic, and Florent Lyard
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-95, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-95, 2025
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Temporal variability of the semidiurnal internal tide around New Caledonia is investigated using regional modeling. An important contribution to temporal variability not linked to the astronomically-forced spring-neap cycle is due to the presence of mesoscale eddies, both at the generation sites and in propagation direction. The incoherent tide has a widespread signature in sea surface height (SSH) challenging the SSH observability of mesoscale to submesoscale dynamics.
Kenji Shimizu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4192, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4192, 2025
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This paper demonstrates the importance of viewing internal tides (internal waves at tidal frequencies) as the sum of many random waves, because statistical principles introduce characteristics that do not exist for the sum of a few random waves. This view leads us to the existence of a universal probability distribution for internal tides, which can be used for scientific and engineering purposes in the future, as is the case of surface waves.
Harpreet Kaur, Maarten C. Buijsman, Zhongxiang Zhao, and Jay F. Shriver
Ocean Sci., 20, 1187–1208, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1187-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1187-2024, 2024
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This study examines the seasonal variability in internal tide sea surface height in a global model simulation. We also compare this with altimetry and the seasonal variability in the internal tide energy terms. Georges Bank and the Arabian Sea show the strongest seasonal variability. This study also reveals that sea surface height may not be the most accurate indicator of the true seasonal variability in the internal tides because it is modulated by the seasonal variability in stratification.
Roberta Benincasa, Giovanni Liguori, Nadia Pinardi, and Hans von Storch
Ocean Sci., 20, 1003–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1003-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1003-2024, 2024
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Ocean dynamics result from the interplay of internal processes and external inputs, primarily from the atmosphere. It is crucial to discern between these factors to gauge the ocean's intrinsic predictability and to be able to attribute a signal under study to either external factors or internal variability. Employing a simple analysis, we successfully characterized this variability in the Mediterranean Sea and compared it with the oceanic response induced by atmospheric conditions.
Liming Fan, Hui Sun, Qingxuan Yang, and Jianing Li
Ocean Sci., 20, 241–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-241-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-241-2024, 2024
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Understanding internal tide generation and propagation is crucial for predicting large-scale circulation and climate change. Internal tides are prone to interacting with background currents with similar spatial scales during propagation. This paper investigates the physical mechanism of the interaction between semidiurnal internal tides and an anticyclonic eddy in the northeastern South China Sea using a numerical model with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Arne Bendinger, Sophie Cravatte, Lionel Gourdeau, Laurent Brodeau, Aurélie Albert, Michel Tchilibou, Florent Lyard, and Clément Vic
Ocean Sci., 19, 1315–1338, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1315-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1315-2023, 2023
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New Caledonia is a hot spot of internal-tide generation due to complex bathymetry. Regional modeling quantifies the coherent internal tide and shows that most energy is converted in shallow waters and on very steep slopes. The region is a challenge for observability of balanced dynamics due to strong internal-tide sea surface height (SSH) signatures at similar wavelengths. Correcting the SSH for the coherent internal tide may increase the observability of balanced motion to < 100 km.
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Short summary
Twin simulations, with and without tides, are used to assess the impact of internal tides (ITs) on ocean temperature off the Amazon mouth at a seasonal scale. We found that in the surface layers, ITs and barotropic tides cause a cooling effect on sea surface temperature, subsequently leading to an increase in the net heat flux between the atmosphere and ocean. Vertical mixing is identified as the primary driver, followed by vertical and horizontal advection.
Twin simulations, with and without tides, are used to assess the impact of internal tides (ITs)...
