Articles | Volume 19, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1357-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1357-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Spatial and temporal variability in mode-1 and mode-2 internal solitary waves from MODIS-Terra sun glint off the Amazon shelf
Carina Regina de Macedo
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université du Littoral-Côte-d'Opale, Université Lille, CNRS, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, 32 avenue Foch, Wimereux, France
LEGOS, IRD, Université de Toulouse 3 (UTLSE3), CNES, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Ariane Koch-Larrouy
LEGOS, IRD, Université de Toulouse 3 (UTLSE3), CNES, CNRS, Toulouse, France
José Carlos Bastos da Silva
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
Instituto de Ciências da Terra, Polo Porto, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
Jorge Manuel Magalhães
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
Carlos Alessandre Domingos Lentini
Department of Earth and Environment Physics, Physics Institute, Ondina Campus, Federal University of Bahia – UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Department of Oceanography, Geosciences Institute, Campus Ondina, Federal University of Bahia – UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Interdisciplinary Center for Energy and Environment (CIEnAm), Federal University of Bahia – UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Trung Kien Tran
Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université du Littoral-Côte-d'Opale, Université Lille, CNRS, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, 32 avenue Foch, Wimereux, France
Marcelo Caetano Barreto Rosa
Department of Oceanography, Geosciences Institute, Campus Ondina, Federal University of Bahia – UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Vincent Vantrepotte
Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université du Littoral-Côte-d'Opale, Université Lille, CNRS, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, 32 avenue Foch, Wimereux, France
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The first time direct measurements of turbulent dissipation from AMAZOMIX revealed high energy dissipations within [10-6,10-4] W.kg-1 caused at 65 % apart from internal tides in their generation zone, and [10-8,10-7] W.kg-1 caused at 50.4 % by mean circulation of surrounding water masses far fields. Finally, estimates of nutrient fluxes showed a very high flux of nitrate ([10-2, 10-0] mmol N m-2.s-1) and phosphate ([10-3, 10-1] mmol P m-2.s-1), due to both processes in Amazon region.
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Twin simulations, with and without tides, are used to assess the impact of internal tides (ITs) on ocean temperature off the Amazon mouth at a seasonal scale. We found that in the surface layers, ITs and barotropic tides cause a cooling effect on sea surface temperature, subsequently leading to an increase in the net heat flux between the atmosphere and ocean. Vertical mixing is identified as the primary driver, followed by vertical and horizontal advection.
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Phytoplankton in the upper ocean are food for fish and are thus economically important to humans; furthermore, phytoplankton consume nutrients and generate oxygen by photosynthesis, just like plants on land. Vertical mixing in the ocean is responsible for transporting nutrients into the sunlit zone of the surface ocean. We used remotely sensed data to quantify the influence of tidal mixing on phytoplankton through an analysis of ocean color, which we interpret as chlorophyll concentration.
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This high-resolution model-based study investigates the variability in the generation, propagation, and sea height signature (SSH) of the internal tide off the Amazon shelf during two contrasted seasons. ITs propagate further north during the season characterized by weak currents and mesoscale eddies and a shallow and strong pycnocline. IT imprints on SSH dominate those of the geostrophic motion for horizontal scales below 200 km; moreover, the SSH is mainly incoherent below 70 km.
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Satellite imagery reveals intense internal solitary waves (ISWs) seen hundreds of kilometres from the Amazon shelf and extending for 500 km into the open ocean (propagating above 3 m/s, amongst the fastest ever recorded). Seasonality is discussed in light of the North Equatorial Counter Current, and a late disintegration of the internal tide (IT) is investigated based on climatological data. A late disintegration of the IT may explain other ISW observations in the world’s oceans.
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Short summary
We focus on the internal solitary waves (ISWs) off the Amazon shelf, their velocity, and their variability in seasonal and tidal cycles. The analysis is based on a large remote-sensing data set. The region is newly described as a hot spot for ISWs with mode-2 internal tide wavelength. The wave activity is higher during spring tides. The mode-1 waves located in the region influenced by the North Equatorial Counter Current showed a velocity/wavelength 14.3 % higher during the boreal summer/fall.
We focus on the internal solitary waves (ISWs) off the Amazon shelf, their velocity, and their...