Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1253-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1253-2023
Research article
 | 
21 Aug 2023
Research article |  | 21 Aug 2023

Potential artifacts in conservation laws and invariants inferred from sequential state estimation

Carl Wunsch, Sarah Williamson, and Patrick Heimbach

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Cited articles

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Boers, N.: Observation-based early-warning signals for a collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, Nat. Clim. Change, 11, 680–688, 2021. a
Bromwich, D. H. and Fogt, R. L.: Strong trends in the skill of the ERA-40 and NCEP–NCAR reanalyses in the high and midlatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, 1958–2001, J. Climate, 17, 4603–4619, 2004. a
Bryson, A. E. and Ho, Y.-C.: Applied optimal control, revised printing, Hemisphere, New York, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315137667, 1975. a, b
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Data assimilation methods that couple observations with dynamical models are essential for understanding climate change. Here, climate includes all sub-elements (ocean, atmosphere, ice, etc.). A common form of combination arises from sequential estimation theory, a methodology susceptible to a variety of errors that can accumulate through time for long records. Using two simple analogs, examples of these errors are identified and discussed, along with suggestions for accommodating them.