Articles | Volume 14, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-689-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-689-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Wind-induced variability in the Northern Current (northwestern Mediterranean Sea) as depicted by a multi-platform observing system
Maristella Berta
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CNR-ISMAR, Lerici, Italy
Lucio Bellomo
Université de Toulon, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France
Annalisa Griffa
CNR-ISMAR, Lerici, Italy
RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Marcello G. Magaldi
CNR-ISMAR, Lerici, Italy
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Anne Molcard
Université de Toulon, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France
Carlo Mantovani
CNR-ISMAR, Lerici, Italy
Gian Pietro Gasparini
CNR-ISMAR, Lerici, Italy
Julien Marmain
Degreane Horizon, Cuers, France
Anna Vetrano
CNR-ISMAR, Lerici, Italy
Laurent Béguery
ACSA, Meyreuil, France
Mireno Borghini
CNR-ISMAR, Lerici, Italy
Yves Barbin
Université de Toulon, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France
Joel Gaggelli
Université de Toulon, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France
Céline Quentin
Université de Toulon, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France
Related authors
Pierre-Marie Poulain, Luca Centurioni, Carlo Brandini, Stefano Taddei, Maristella Berta, and Milena Menna
Ocean Sci., 19, 1617–1631, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Drifters and a profiling float were deployed in the coastal waters of the southeastern Ligurian Sea to characterize the near-surface circulation at a scale of ~10 km. The drifters were trapped in an offshore-flowing filament and a cyclonic eddy that developed at the southwestern extremity of the filament. Drifter velocities are used to estimate differential kinematic properties and relative dispersion statistics of the surface currents.
Tiziana Ciuffardi, Zoi Kokkini, Maristella Berta, Marina Locritani, Andrea Bordone, Ivana Delbono, Mireno Borghini, Maurizio Demarte, Roberta Ivaldi, Federica Pannacciulli, Anna Vetrano, Davide Marini, and Giovanni Caprino
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1933–1946, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1933-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1933-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the results of the first 2 years of the Levante Canyon Mooring, a mooring line placed since 2020 in the eastern Ligurian Sea, to study a canyon area at about 600 m depth characterized by the presence of cold-water living corals. It provides hydrodynamic and thermohaline measurements along the water column, describing a water-mass distribution coherent with previous evidence in the Ligurian Sea. The data also show a Northern Current episodic and local reversal during summer.
Emma Reyes, Eva Aguiar, Michele Bendoni, Maristella Berta, Carlo Brandini, Alejandro Cáceres-Euse, Fulvio Capodici, Vanessa Cardin, Daniela Cianelli, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Lorenzo Corgnati, Vlado Dadić, Bartolomeo Doronzo, Aldo Drago, Dylan Dumas, Pierpaolo Falco, Maria Fattorini, Maria J. Fernandes, Adam Gauci, Roberto Gómez, Annalisa Griffa, Charles-Antoine Guérin, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, Jaime Hernández-Lasheras, Matjaž Ličer, Pablo Lorente, Marcello G. Magaldi, Carlo Mantovani, Hrvoje Mihanović, Anne Molcard, Baptiste Mourre, Adèle Révelard, Catalina Reyes-Suárez, Simona Saviano, Roberta Sciascia, Stefano Taddei, Joaquín Tintoré, Yaron Toledo, Marco Uttieri, Ivica Vilibić, Enrico Zambianchi, and Alejandro Orfila
Ocean Sci., 18, 797–837, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-797-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-797-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work reviews the existing advanced and emerging scientific and societal applications using HFR data, developed to address the major challenges identified in Mediterranean coastal waters organized around three main topics: maritime safety, extreme hazards and environmental transport processes. It also includes a discussion and preliminary assessment of the capabilities of existing HFR applications, finally providing a set of recommendations towards setting out future prospects.
Pablo Lorente, Eva Aguiar, Michele Bendoni, Maristella Berta, Carlo Brandini, Alejandro Cáceres-Euse, Fulvio Capodici, Daniela Cianelli, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Lorenzo Corgnati, Vlado Dadić, Bartolomeo Doronzo, Aldo Drago, Dylan Dumas, Pierpaolo Falco, Maria Fattorini, Adam Gauci, Roberto Gómez, Annalisa Griffa, Charles-Antoine Guérin, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, Jaime Hernández-Lasheras, Matjaž Ličer, Marcello G. Magaldi, Carlo Mantovani, Hrvoje Mihanović, Anne Molcard, Baptiste Mourre, Alejandro Orfila, Adèle Révelard, Emma Reyes, Jorge Sánchez, Simona Saviano, Roberta Sciascia, Stefano Taddei, Joaquín Tintoré, Yaron Toledo, Laura Ursella, Marco Uttieri, Ivica Vilibić, Enrico Zambianchi, and Vanessa Cardin
Ocean Sci., 18, 761–795, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-761-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-761-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High-frequency radar (HFR) is a land-based remote sensing technology that can provide maps of the surface circulation over broad coastal areas, along with wave and wind information. The main goal of this work is to showcase the current status of the Mediterranean HFR network as well as present and future applications of this sensor for societal benefit such as search and rescue operations, safe vessel navigation, tracking of marine pollutants, and the monitoring of extreme events.
Ivan Manso-Narvarte, Erick Fredj, Gabriel Jordà, Maristella Berta, Annalisa Griffa, Ainhoa Caballero, and Anna Rubio
Ocean Sci., 16, 575–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-575-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-575-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our main aim is to study the feasibility of reconstructing oceanic currents by extending the data obtained from coastal multiplatform observatories to nearby areas in 3D in the SE Bay of Biscay. To that end, two different data-reconstruction methods with different approaches were tested, providing satisfactory results. This work is a first step towards the real applicability of these methods in this study area, and it shows the capabilities of the methods for a wide range of applications.
John Lodise, Tamay Özgökmen, Annalisa Griffa, and Maristella Berta
Ocean Sci., 15, 1627–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1627-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1627-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of ocean currents within the first meter of the surface are made using a large number of ocean drifters of two different draft depths (0–5 and 0–60 cm). We deconstruct the total drifter velocities using an estimate of the regional circulation and a modeled Stokes drift velocity to calculate the purely wind-driven component of each drifter type. We reveal that the wind-driven velocities rotate to the right of the wind, while also decreasing, with depth.
Roberta Sciascia, Maristella Berta, Daniel F. Carlson, Annalisa Griffa, Monica Panfili, Mario La Mesa, Lorenzo Corgnati, Carlo Mantovani, Elisa Domenella, Erick Fredj, Marcello G. Magaldi, Raffaele D'Adamo, Gianfranco Pazienza, Enrico Zambianchi, and Pierre-Marie Poulain
Ocean Sci., 14, 1461–1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1461-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1461-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the role of ocean currents in the recruitment of commercially important fish is an important step toward developing sustainable resource management guidelines. Here, we attempt to elucidate the role of surface ocean transport in supplying recruits of European sardines to the Gulf of Manfredonia, a known recruitment area in the Adriatic Sea. We find that transport to the Gulf of Manfredonia from remote spawing areas in the Adriatic is more likely than local spawning and retention.
Malek Belgacem, Katrin Schroeder, Siv K. Lauvset, Marta Álvarez, Jacopo Chiggiato, Mireno Borghini, Carolina Cantoni, Tiziana Ciuffardi, and Stefania Sparnocchia
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-365, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-365, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Having consistent dissolved Oxygen (O2) data is crucial for understanding the health of our oceans. By monitoring O2 levels, we can spot changes in water quality. Reliable data helps scientist and policymakers make informed decisions to protect marine environments, ensuring practices that benefit both wildlife and people. The Mediterranean Sea is particularly sensitive to climate change. O2WMED dataset- a compilation of data that provides a clear picture of O2 changes over the past 20 years.
Alexandre Heumann, Félix Margirier, Emmanuel Rinnert, Pascale Lherminier, Carla Scalabrin, Louis Geli, Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, and Laurent Beguery
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-377, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-377, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Following an seismic crisis in May 2018 in Mayotte, an observation network has been created with the given objective of monitoring this volcanic phenomena. A SeaExplorer glider has been deployed to supplement the data obtained during a series of oceanographic surveys. The glider performed a continuous monitoring of 30 months of the water column from the sea surface to 1250 meters water depth with the objective to acquire hydrological properties, water currents and dissolved gas concentrations.
Pierre-Marie Poulain, Luca Centurioni, Carlo Brandini, Stefano Taddei, Maristella Berta, and Milena Menna
Ocean Sci., 19, 1617–1631, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Drifters and a profiling float were deployed in the coastal waters of the southeastern Ligurian Sea to characterize the near-surface circulation at a scale of ~10 km. The drifters were trapped in an offshore-flowing filament and a cyclonic eddy that developed at the southwestern extremity of the filament. Drifter velocities are used to estimate differential kinematic properties and relative dispersion statistics of the surface currents.
Tiziana Ciuffardi, Zoi Kokkini, Maristella Berta, Marina Locritani, Andrea Bordone, Ivana Delbono, Mireno Borghini, Maurizio Demarte, Roberta Ivaldi, Federica Pannacciulli, Anna Vetrano, Davide Marini, and Giovanni Caprino
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1933–1946, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1933-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1933-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the results of the first 2 years of the Levante Canyon Mooring, a mooring line placed since 2020 in the eastern Ligurian Sea, to study a canyon area at about 600 m depth characterized by the presence of cold-water living corals. It provides hydrodynamic and thermohaline measurements along the water column, describing a water-mass distribution coherent with previous evidence in the Ligurian Sea. The data also show a Northern Current episodic and local reversal during summer.
Francesco Paladini de Mendoza, Katrin Schroeder, Leonardo Langone, Jacopo Chiggiato, Mireno Borghini, Patrizia Giordano, Giulio Verazzo, and Stefano Miserocchi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5617–5635, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5617-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5617-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents the dataset of continuous monitoring in the southern Adriatic Margin, providing a unique observatory of deep-water dynamics. The study area is influenced by episodic dense-water cascading, which is a fundamental process for water renewal and deep-water dynamics. Information about the frequency and intensity variations of these events is observed along a time series. The monitoring activities are still ongoing and the moorings are part of the EMSO-ERIC network.
Emma Reyes, Eva Aguiar, Michele Bendoni, Maristella Berta, Carlo Brandini, Alejandro Cáceres-Euse, Fulvio Capodici, Vanessa Cardin, Daniela Cianelli, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Lorenzo Corgnati, Vlado Dadić, Bartolomeo Doronzo, Aldo Drago, Dylan Dumas, Pierpaolo Falco, Maria Fattorini, Maria J. Fernandes, Adam Gauci, Roberto Gómez, Annalisa Griffa, Charles-Antoine Guérin, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, Jaime Hernández-Lasheras, Matjaž Ličer, Pablo Lorente, Marcello G. Magaldi, Carlo Mantovani, Hrvoje Mihanović, Anne Molcard, Baptiste Mourre, Adèle Révelard, Catalina Reyes-Suárez, Simona Saviano, Roberta Sciascia, Stefano Taddei, Joaquín Tintoré, Yaron Toledo, Marco Uttieri, Ivica Vilibić, Enrico Zambianchi, and Alejandro Orfila
Ocean Sci., 18, 797–837, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-797-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-797-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work reviews the existing advanced and emerging scientific and societal applications using HFR data, developed to address the major challenges identified in Mediterranean coastal waters organized around three main topics: maritime safety, extreme hazards and environmental transport processes. It also includes a discussion and preliminary assessment of the capabilities of existing HFR applications, finally providing a set of recommendations towards setting out future prospects.
Pablo Lorente, Eva Aguiar, Michele Bendoni, Maristella Berta, Carlo Brandini, Alejandro Cáceres-Euse, Fulvio Capodici, Daniela Cianelli, Giuseppe Ciraolo, Lorenzo Corgnati, Vlado Dadić, Bartolomeo Doronzo, Aldo Drago, Dylan Dumas, Pierpaolo Falco, Maria Fattorini, Adam Gauci, Roberto Gómez, Annalisa Griffa, Charles-Antoine Guérin, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, Jaime Hernández-Lasheras, Matjaž Ličer, Marcello G. Magaldi, Carlo Mantovani, Hrvoje Mihanović, Anne Molcard, Baptiste Mourre, Alejandro Orfila, Adèle Révelard, Emma Reyes, Jorge Sánchez, Simona Saviano, Roberta Sciascia, Stefano Taddei, Joaquín Tintoré, Yaron Toledo, Laura Ursella, Marco Uttieri, Ivica Vilibić, Enrico Zambianchi, and Vanessa Cardin
Ocean Sci., 18, 761–795, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-761-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-761-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High-frequency radar (HFR) is a land-based remote sensing technology that can provide maps of the surface circulation over broad coastal areas, along with wave and wind information. The main goal of this work is to showcase the current status of the Mediterranean HFR network as well as present and future applications of this sensor for societal benefit such as search and rescue operations, safe vessel navigation, tracking of marine pollutants, and the monitoring of extreme events.
Malek Belgacem, Katrin Schroeder, Alexander Barth, Charles Troupin, Bruno Pavoni, Patrick Raimbault, Nicole Garcia, Mireno Borghini, and Jacopo Chiggiato
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5915–5949, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5915-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5915-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea exhibits an anti-estuarine circulation, responsible for its low productivity. Understanding this peculiar character is still a challenge since there is no exact quantification of nutrient sinks and sources. Because nutrient in situ observations are generally infrequent and scattered in space and time, climatological mapping is often applied to sparse data in order to understand the biogeochemical state of the ocean. The dataset presented here partly addresses these issues.
Malek Belgacem, Jacopo Chiggiato, Mireno Borghini, Bruno Pavoni, Gabriella Cerrati, Francesco Acri, Stefano Cozzi, Alberto Ribotti, Marta Álvarez, Siv K. Lauvset, and Katrin Schroeder
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1985–2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1985-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1985-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term time series are a fundamental prerequisite to understanding and detecting climate shifts and trends. In marginal seas, such as the Mediterranean Sea, there are still monitoring gaps. An extensive dataset of dissolved inorganic nutrient profiles were collected between 2004 and 2017 in the western Mediterranean Sea to provide to the scientific community a publicly available, long-term, quality-controlled, internally consistent new database.
Alberto Ribotti, Roberto Sorgente, and Mireno Borghini
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1287–1294, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1287-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1287-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
From May 2000 to January 2004 seven cruises in the Sea of Sardinia collected physical, chemical and biological data. They contributed to knowledge of the local circulation and its interaction with the general Mediterranean one. Accurate and sustained quality assurance for physical sensors was ensured through pre- and postcruise calibration (described here) and verified during cruises by redundant sensors and instruments. Hydrological data are in two open-access datasets in the SEANOE repository.
Ivan Manso-Narvarte, Erick Fredj, Gabriel Jordà, Maristella Berta, Annalisa Griffa, Ainhoa Caballero, and Anna Rubio
Ocean Sci., 16, 575–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-575-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-575-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our main aim is to study the feasibility of reconstructing oceanic currents by extending the data obtained from coastal multiplatform observatories to nearby areas in 3D in the SE Bay of Biscay. To that end, two different data-reconstruction methods with different approaches were tested, providing satisfactory results. This work is a first step towards the real applicability of these methods in this study area, and it shows the capabilities of the methods for a wide range of applications.
John Lodise, Tamay Özgökmen, Annalisa Griffa, and Maristella Berta
Ocean Sci., 15, 1627–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1627-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1627-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of ocean currents within the first meter of the surface are made using a large number of ocean drifters of two different draft depths (0–5 and 0–60 cm). We deconstruct the total drifter velocities using an estimate of the regional circulation and a modeled Stokes drift velocity to calculate the purely wind-driven component of each drifter type. We reveal that the wind-driven velocities rotate to the right of the wind, while also decreasing, with depth.
Roberta Sciascia, Maristella Berta, Daniel F. Carlson, Annalisa Griffa, Monica Panfili, Mario La Mesa, Lorenzo Corgnati, Carlo Mantovani, Elisa Domenella, Erick Fredj, Marcello G. Magaldi, Raffaele D'Adamo, Gianfranco Pazienza, Enrico Zambianchi, and Pierre-Marie Poulain
Ocean Sci., 14, 1461–1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1461-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1461-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the role of ocean currents in the recruitment of commercially important fish is an important step toward developing sustainable resource management guidelines. Here, we attempt to elucidate the role of surface ocean transport in supplying recruits of European sardines to the Gulf of Manfredonia, a known recruitment area in the Adriatic Sea. We find that transport to the Gulf of Manfredonia from remote spawing areas in the Adriatic is more likely than local spawning and retention.
Reiner Onken, Heinz-Volker Fiekas, Laurent Beguery, Ines Borrione, Andreas Funk, Michael Hemming, Jaime Hernandez-Lasheras, Karen J. Heywood, Jan Kaiser, Michaela Knoll, Baptiste Mourre, Paolo Oddo, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Bastien Y. Queste, Aniello Russo, Kiminori Shitashima, Martin Siderius, and Elizabeth Thorp Küsel
Ocean Sci., 14, 321–335, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-321-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-321-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In June 2014, high-resolution oceanographic data were collected in the
western Mediterranean Sea by two research vessels, 11 gliders, moored
instruments, drifters, and one profiling float. The objective
of this article is to provide an overview of the data set which
is utilised by various ongoing studies, focusing on (i) water masses and circulation, (ii) operational forecasting, (iii) data assimilation, (iv) variability of the ocean, and (v) new payloads
for gliders.
Simona Aracri, Katrin Schroeder, Jacopo Chiggiato, Harry Bryden, Elaine McDonagh, Simon Josey, Yann Hello, and Mireno Borghini
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2016-65, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2016-65, 2016
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The abyssal velocity of the Northern Current, in the north-western Mediterranean has been estimated using for the first time MERMAIDs, i.e. submarine drifting instruments that record seismic waves. In this study the Northern Current shows an intense activity even in deep layers of the water column. Through pseudo-eulerian statistics different components of the observed variability are analysed and described, revealing the turbulent nature of the Liguro-Provençal basin abyssal circulation.
M. Borghini, H. Bryden, K. Schroeder, S. Sparnocchia, and A. Vetrano
Ocean Sci., 10, 693–700, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-693-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-693-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Approach: In situ Observations | Depth range: Mixed Layer | Geographical range: Mediterranean Sea | Phenomena: Current Field
Upper layer current variability in the Central Ligurian Sea
P. Picco, A. Cappelletti, S. Sparnocchia, M. E. Schiano, S. Pensieri, and R. Bozzano
Ocean Sci., 6, 825–836, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-825-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-825-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Aguiar, A., Cirano, M., Pereira, J., and Marta-Almeida, M.: Upwelling
processes along a western boundary current in the Abrolhos-Campos region
of Brazil, Cont. Shelf Res., 85, 42–59,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2014.04.013, 2014. a
Albérola, C. and Millot, C.: Circulation in the French mediterranean
coastal zone near Marseilles: the influence of wind and the Northern
Current, Cont. Shelf Res., 23, 587–610, 2003. a
Albérola, C., Rousseau, S., Millot, C., Astraldi, M., Font, J.,
Garcia-Lafuente, J., Gasparini, G.-P., Send, U., and Vangriesheim, A.: Tidal
currents Western Mediterranean, Oceanol. Acta, 18, 273–284,
1995b. a
André, G., Garreau, P., and Fraunié, P.: Mesoscale slope current
variability in the Gulf of Lions. Interpretation of in-situ
measurements using a three-dimensional model, Cont. Shelf Res., 29,
407–423, 2009. a
Arabelos, D. N., Papazachariou, D. Z., Contadakis, M. E., and Spatalas, S.
D.: A new tide model for the Mediterranean Sea based on altimetry and tide
gauge assimilation, Ocean Sci., 7, 429–444,
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-429-2011, 2011. a
Ardhuin, F., Marié, L., Rascle, N., Forget, P., and Roland, A.: Observation
and Estimation of Lagrangian, Stokes, and Eulerian Currents Induced by
Wind and Waves at the Sea Surface, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39,
2820–2838, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JPO4169.1, 2009. a, b, c, d
Bellomo, L., Griffa, A., Cosoli, S., Falco, P., Gerin, R., Iermano, I.,
Kalampokis, A., Kokkini, Z., Lana, A., Magaldi, M., Mamoutos, I., Mantovani,
C., Marmain, J., Potiris, E., Sayol, J., Barbin, Y., Berta, M., Borghini, M.,
Bussani, A., Corgnati, L., Dagneaux, Q., Gaggelli, J., Guterman, P.,
Mallarino, D., Mazzoldi, A., Molcard, A., Orfila, A., Poulain, P.-M.,
Quentin, C., Tintoré, J., Uttieri, M., Vetrano, A., Zambianchi, E., and
Zervakis, V.: Toward an integrated HF radar network in the Mediterranean
Sea to improve search and rescue and oil spill response: the TOSCA
project experience, J. Oper. Oceanography, 8, 95–107,
https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2015.1087184, 2015. a
Berta, M., Bellomo, L., Magaldi, M. G., Griffa, A., Molcard, A., Marmain, J.,
Borghini, M., and Taillandier, V.: Estimating Lagrangian transport blending
drifters with HF radar data and models: Results from the TOSCA experiment
in the Ligurian Current (North Western Mediterranean Sea),
Prog. Oceanogr., 128, 15–29,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.08.004, 2014. a
Berta, M., Griffa, A., Magaldi, M. G., Özgökmen, T. M., Poje, A. C., Haza,
A. C., and Olascoaga, M. J.: Improved surface velocity and trajectory
estimates in the Gulf of Mexico from blended satellite altimetry and
drifter data, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 32, 1880–1901,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00226.1, 2015. a
Boucher, J., Ibanez, F., and Prieur, L.: Daily and seasonal variations in the
spatial distribution of zooplankton populations in relation to the physical
structure in the Ligurian Sea Front, J. Mar. Res., 45,
133–173, 1987. a
Bouffard, J., Vignudelli, S., Cipollini, P., and Menard, Y.: Exploiting the
potential of an improved multimission altimetric data set over the coastal
ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L10601, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033488,
2008. a
Caccia, J.-L., Guénard, V., Benech, B., Campistron, B., and Drobinski, P.:
Vertical velocity and turbulence aspects during Mistral events as observed by
UHF wind profilers, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3927–3936,
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3927-2004, 2004. a
Centurioni, L. R., Ohlmann, J. C., and Niiler, P. P.: Permanent Meanders in the
California Current System, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38,
1690–1710, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3746.1, 2008. a
Chang, Y.-C., Chen, G.-Y., Tseng, R.-S., Centurioni, L. R., and Chu, P. C.:
Observed near-surface currents under high wind speeds, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 117, c11026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC007996, 2012. a
Chapman, R. D., Shay, L. K., Graber, H. C., Edson, J. B., Karachintsev, A.,
Trump, C. L., and Ross, D. B.: On the accuracy of HF radar surface current
measurements: Intercomparisons with ship-based sensors, J. Geophys. Res.,
102, 18737–18748, 1997. a
Chereskin, T. K. and Roemmich, D.: A Comparison of Measured and Wind-derived
Ekman Transport at 11∘N in the Atlantic Ocean, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 869–878,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<0869:ACOMAW>2.0.CO;2, 1991. a
Crépon, M. and Boukthir, M.: Effect of deep water formation on the
circulation of the Ligurian Sea, Ann. Geophys., 5B, 43–48, 1987. a
Crise, A., Querin, S., and Malačič, V.: A strong Bora event in the
Gulf of Trieste: a numerical study of wind driven circulation in
stratified conditions with a preoperational model, Acta Adriat., Supplement, 47, 185–206, 2006. a
Davis, R. E., Ohman, M. D., Rudnick, D. L., and Sherman, J. T.: Glider
surveillance of physics and biology in the southern California Current
System, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 2151–2168, 2008. a
Duchez, A., Verron, J., Brankart, J.-M., Ourmières, Y., and Fraunié, P.:
Monitoring the Northern Current in the Gulf of Lions with an
observing system simulation experiment, Sci. Mar., 76, 441–453, 2012. a
Ekman, V. W.: On the influence of the Earth's rotation on ocean-currents.,
Arkiv for Matematik, Astronomi, och Fysik, 2, 1–52, 1905. a
Endoh, M. and Nitta, T.: A Theory of Non-Stationary Oceanic Ekman Layer,
J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 49, 261–266,
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.49.4_261, 1971. a
Essen, H.-H.: Ekman portion of surface currents, as measured by radar in
different areas, Deutsche Hydrografische Zeitschrift, 45, 57–85,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02226315, 1993. a
Essen, H.-H.: Geostrophic surface currents as derived from satellite SST
images and measured by a land-based HF radar, Int. J.
Remote Sens., 16, 239–256, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169508954393, 1995. a
Essen, H. H., Gurgel, K. W., and Schlick, T.: On the accuracy of current
measurements by means of HF radar, IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng., 25,
472–480, https://doi.org/10.1109/48.895354, 2000. a
Flexas, M. M., de Madron, X. D., Garcia, M. A., Canals, M., and Arnau, P.: Flow
variability in the Gulf of Lions during the MATER HFF experiment
(March–May 1997), J. Marine Syst., 33–34, 197–214, 2002. a
Font, J., Salat, J., and Tintoré, J.: Permanent features of the general
circulation in the Catalan Sea, Oceanol. Acta, 9, 51–57, 1988. a
Forget, P., Barbin, Y., and André, G.: Monitoring of surface ocean
circulation in the Gulf of Lions (North-West Mediterranean Sea)
using WERA HF radars, in: IGARSS 2008, Boston, USA, 2008. a
Gangopadhyay, A., Bharat Raj, G. N., Chaudhuri, A. H., Babu, M. T., and
Sengupta, D.: On the nature of meandering of the springtime western boundary
current in the Bay of Bengal, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40,
2188–2193, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50412, 2013. a
Garau, B., Ruiz, S., Zhang, W. G., Pascual, A., Heslop, E., Kerfoot, J., and
Tintoré, J.: Thermal Lag Correction on Slocum CTD Glider Data, J.
Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 28, 1065–1071, 2011. a
Garcia, M. J. L., Millot, C., Font, J., and Garcia-Ladona, E.: Surface
circulation variability in the Balearic Basin, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 99, 3285–3296, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JC02114, 1994. a
Gómez-Enri, J., Cipollini, P., Passaro, M., Vignudelli, S., Tejedor, B., and
Coca, J.: Coastal Altimetry Products in the Strait of Gibraltar, IEEE
T. Geosci. Remote, 54, 5455–5466,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2016.2565472, 2016. a
Guénard, V., Drobinski, P., Caccia, J.-L., Campistron, B., and Bench, B.: An
Observational Study of the Mesoscale Mistral Dynamics, Bound.-Lay.
Meteorol., 115, 263–288, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-004-3406-z, 2005. a
Guihou, K., Marmain, J., Ourmières, Y., Molcard, A., Zakardjian, B., and
Forget, P.: A case study of the mesoscale dynamics in the North-Western
Mediterranean Sea: a combined data-model approach, Ocean Dynam., 63,
793–808, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-013-0619-z, 2013. a
Gurgel, K.-W., Antonischki, G., Essen, H.-H., and Schlick, T.: Wellen Radar
(WERA): a new ground-wave HF radar for ocean remote sensing, Coast.
Eng., 37, 219–234, 1999. a
Jones, C., Creed, E., Glenn, S., Kerfoot, J., Kohut, J., Mudgal, C., and
Schofield, O.: Slocum gliders – A component of operational oceanography,
in: Proc. 14th Int. Symp. on Unmanned Untethered Submersible
Technology, Lee, NH, Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute, 2005. a
Kim, S. Y., Cornuelle, B. D., and Terrill, E. J.: Anisotropic Response of
Surface Currents to the Wind in a Coastal Region, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 39, 1512–1533, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JPO4013.1, 2009. a
Kim, S. Y., Cornuelle, B. D., and Terrill, E. J.: Decomposing observations of
high-frequency radar-derived surface currents by their forcing mechanisms:
Locally wind-driven surface currents, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, c12046, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006223, 2010. a, b, c
Kosro, P. M.: On the spatial structure of coastal circulation off Newport,
Oregon, during spring and summer 2001 in a region of varying shelf width,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 110, c10S06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002769,
2005. a
Kundu, P. K.: Ekman Veering Observed near the Ocean Bottom, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 6, 238–242,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1976)006<0238:EVONTO>2.0.CO;2, 1976. a
Kundu, P. K., Allen, J. S., and Smith, R. L.: Modal decomposition of the
velocity field near the Oregon coast, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 683–704,
1975. a
Lagerloef, G. S. E., Mitchum, G. T., Lukas, R. B., and Niiler, P. P.: Tropical
Pacific near-surface currents estimated from altimeter, wind, and drifter
data, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 104, 23313–23326,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900197, 1999. a
Lapouyade, A. and de Madron, X. D.: Seasonal variability of the advective
transport of particulate matter and organic carbon in the Gulf of Lion
(NW Mediterranean), Oceanol. Acta, 24, 295–312, 2001. a
Lebeaupin Brossier, C. and Drobinski, P.: Numerical high-resolution air-sea
coupling over the Gulf of Lions during two tramontane/mistral events,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, d10110,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011601, 2009. a
Lipa, B., Nyden, B., Ullman, D. S., and Terrill, E.: SeaSonde Radial
Velocities: Derivation and Internal Consistency, IEEE J. Ocean.
Eng., 31, 850–861, 2006. a
Lipa, B. J. and Barrick, D. E.: Least-Squares Methods for the Extraction of
Surface Currents from CODAR Crossed-Loop Data: Application at ARSLOE,
IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., OE-8, 226–253, 1983. a
Magaldi, M. G., Özgökmen, T. M., Griffa, A., and Rixen, M.: On the response
of a turbulent coastal buoyant current to wind events: the case of the
Western Adriatic Current, Ocean Dynam., 60, 93–122, 2010. a
Mao, Y. and Heron, M. L.: The Influence of Fetch on the Response of Surface
Currents to Wind Studied by HF Ocean Surface Radar, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 38, 1107–1121, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JPO3709.1, 2008. a, b
Marmain, J., Molcard, A., Forget, P., Barth, A., and Ourmières, Y.:
Assimilation of HF radar surface currents to optimize forcing in the
northwestern Mediterranean Sea, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 659–675,
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-659-2014, 2014. a
Mensa, J. A., Garraffo, Z., Griffa, A., Özgökmen, T. M., Haza, A., and
Veneziani, M.: Seasonality of the submesoscale dynamics in the Gulf
Stream region, Ocean Dynam., 63, 923–941,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-013-0633-1, 2013. a
Mihanović, H., Cosoli, S., Vilibić, I., Ivanković, D., Dadić,
V., and Gačić, M.: Surface current patterns in the northern
Adriatic extracted from high-frequency radar data using self-organizing map
analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, c08033,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007104, 2011. a
Millot, C.: Circulation in the Western Mediterranean Sea, J.
Marine Syst., 20, 423–442, 1999. a
Molcard, A., Poulain, P. M., Forget, P., Griffa, A., Barbin, Y., Gaggelli, J.,
Maistre, J. C. D., and Rixen, M.: Comparison between VHF radar observations
and data from drifter clusters in the Gulf of La Spezia
(Mediterranean Sea), J. Marine Syst., 78, S79–S89, 2009. a
Morison, J., Andersen, R., Larson, N., D'Asaro, E., and Boyd, T.: The
Correction for Thermal-Lag Effects in Sea-Bird CTD Data, J. Atmos.
Ocean. Tech., 11, 1151–1164, 1994. a
Oguz, T., Mourre, B., and Tintoré, J.: Modulation of frontogenetic plankton
production along a meandering jet by zonal wind forcing: An application to
the Alboran Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122,
6594–6610, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012866, 2017. a
Pollard, R. and Millard, R.: Comparison between observed and simulated
wind-generated inertial oscillations, Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic
Abstracts, 17, 813–821,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(70)90043-4, 1970. a
Poulain, P.-M., Gerin, R., Mauri, E., and Pennel, R.: Wind Effects on Drogued
and Undrogued Drifters in the Eastern Mediterranean, J.
Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 1144–1156,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JTECHO618.1, 2009. a, b
Ralph, E. A. and Niiler, P. P.: Wind-Driven Currents in the Tropical
Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 2121–2129,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2121:WDCITT>2.0.CO;2, 1999. a
Röhrs, J., Sperrevik, A. K., Christensen, K. H., Broström, G., and
Breivik, Ø.: Comparison of HF radar measurements with Eulerian and
Lagrangian surface currents, Ocean Dynam., 65, 679–690, 2015. a
Rubio, A., Taillandier, V., and Garreau, P.: Reconstruction of the
Mediterranean Northern Current variability and associated cross-shelf
transport in the Gulf of Lions from satellite-tracked drifters and model
outputs, J. Marine Syst., 78, S63–S78, 2009. a
Schaeffer, A. and Roughan, M.: Influence of a western boundary current on shelf
dynamics and upwelling from repeat glider deployments, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 42, 121–128, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062260, 2015. a
Schaeffer, A., Molcard, A., Forget, P., Fraunié, P., and Garreau, P.:
Generation mechanisms for mesoscale eddies in the Gulf of Lions: radar
observation and modeling, Ocean Dynam., 61, 1587–1609, 2011. a
Schroeder, K., Josey, S. A., Herrmann, M., Grignon, L., Gasparini, G. P., and
Bryden, H. L.: Abrupt warming and salting of the Western Mediterranean
Deep Water after 2005: Atmospheric forcings and lateral advection, J.
Geophys. Res., 115, C08029, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005749, 2010. a
Sentchev, A., Forget, P., Barbin, Y., and Yaremchuk, M.: Surface circulation in
the Iroise Sea (W. Brittany) from high resolution HF radar mapping,
J. Marine Syst., 109–110, S153–S168, 2013. a
Sentchev, A., Forget, P., and Fraunié, P.: Surface current dynamics under
sea breeze conditions observed by simultaneous HF radar, ADCP and drifter
measurements, Ocean Dynam., 67, 499–512, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-017-1035-6,
2017. a, b
Stanichny, S. V., Kubryakov, A. A., and Soloviev, D. M.: Parameterization of
surface wind-driven currents in the Black Sea using drifters, wind, and
altimetry data, Ocean Dynam., 66, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-015-0901-3,
2016. a, b
Stewart, R. H. and Joy, J. W.: HF radio measurements of surface currents,
Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 21, 1039–1049,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(74)90066-7, 1974. a
Tokeshi, R., Ichikawa, K., Fujii, S., Sato, K., and Kojima, S.: Estimating the
geostrophic velocity obtained by HF radar observations in the upstream area
of the Kuroshio, J. Oceanogr., 63, 711–720,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-007-0062-1, 2007.
a, b, c
Vignudelli, S., Cipollini, P., Astraldi, M., Gasparini, G. P., and Manzella,
G.: Integrated use of altimeter and in situ data for understanding the water
exchanges between the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 105, 19649–19663,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC900083, 2000. a
Weber, B. L. and Barrick, D. E.: On the Nonlinear Theory for Gravity Waves on
the Ocean's Surface. Part I: Derivations, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 7, 3–10,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1977)007<0003:OTNTFG>2.0.CO;2, 1977. a
Weller, R. A., Rudnick, D. L., Eriksen, C. C., Polzin, K. L., Oakey, N. S.,
Toole, J. W., Schmitt, R. W., and Pollard, R. T.: Forced ocean response
during the Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 96, 8611–8638, https://doi.org/10.1029/90JC02646, 1991. a
Whitney, M. M. and Garvine, R. W.: Wind influence on a coastal buoyant outflow,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 110, C03014, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002261,
2005. a, b
Wijffels, S., Firing, E., and Bryden, H.: Direct Observations of the Ekman
Balance at 10∘ N in the Pacific, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 24, 1666–1679,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<1666:DOOTEB>2.0.CO;2, 1994. a
Yuan, Y., Castelao, R. M., and He, R.: Variability in along-shelf and
cross-shelf circulation in the South Atlantic Bight, Cont. Shelf Res., 134, 52–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.01.006,
2017. a, b
Short summary
The Northern Current (NC) in the NW Mediterranean Sea is studied by HF radar, glider, vessel survey, wind station, and model. NC variability is dominated by synoptic response to wind events, studied decomposing geostrophic and ageostrophic surface components. The combination of autonomous observing platforms with classical marine surveys provides high-resolution datasets for scientific purposes and practical applications such as the management of marine resources in the Mediterranean Sea.
The Northern Current (NC) in the NW Mediterranean Sea is studied by HF radar, glider, vessel...