Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1409-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1409-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 May 2026
Research article |
| 05 May 2026
| 05 May 2026
Sea-surface temperature variability and climate drivers in Cuba's Jardines de la Reina National Park (2003–2022)
Maibelin Castillo-Alvarez
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Postgraduate Program in Oceanography, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Department of Geophysics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Alain Muñoz-Caravaca
Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, AP 5, 59350 Ciudad Nuclear, Cienfuegos, Cuba
Iván Pérez-Santos
Centro i-mar, Universidad de los Lagos, 5480000 Puerto Montt, Chile
Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral and COPAS COASTAL (FB210021), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
David Carrasco
Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
David Francisco Bustos-Usta
Postgraduate Program in Oceanography, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral and COPAS COASTAL (FB210021), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Laura Castellanos-Torres
Postgraduate Program in Oceanography, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, AP 5, 59350 Ciudad Nuclear, Cienfuegos, Cuba
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Short summary
We examine 2003–2022 sea-surface temperature (SST) in Cuba's Jardines de la Reina National Park. Using standard marine heatwave metrics and climate-mode indices, we show how large-scale patterns drive SST changes at different scales and in marine heatwave frequency, duration, and intensity. Findings help explain recent extremes and support reef conservation and early-warning efforts in the Caribbean.
We examine 2003–2022 sea-surface temperature (SST) in Cuba's Jardines de la Reina National Park....
