Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 21, issue 3
Articles | Volume 21, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-913-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-913-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 3
Research article
 | 
14 May 2025
Research article |  | 14 May 2025

Quantification of Baltic sea water budget components using dynamic topography

Vahidreza Jahanmard, Artu Ellmann, and Nicole Delpeche-Ellmann

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Short summary
This study explores the utilization of absolute dynamic topography (i.e. sea level variations relative to a common geoid surface) to quantify some key components of the Baltic water budget: the dynamic volume of the Baltic Sea, river runoff, and the Baltic inflow and outflow. The method and results show great potential for quantification, validation, and a better understanding of the dynamics of the Baltic Sea, especially with a changing climate.
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