Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-3471-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-3471-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
Research article
 | 
11 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 11 Dec 2025

Diel variability affects the inorganic carbon system in the sea-surface microlayer and influences air-sea CO2 flux estimates

Ander López-Puertas, Oliver Wurl, Sanja Frka, and Mariana Ribas-Ribas

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Short summary
We studied how daily cycles affect inorganic carbon variables in the ocean's surface microlayer. Using data from three full days and nights off the Croatian coast, we found that thermohaline properties and key indicators like pH and pCO₂ change significantly from day to night. Ignoring nighttime conditions may lead to global carbon budget errors and highlights the need for continuous ocean observations.
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Biogeochemical processes and Air–sea exchange in the...