Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1225-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1225-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Aug 2023
Research article |
| 16 Aug 2023
| 16 Aug 2023
The Iceland–Faroe warm-water flow towards the Arctic estimated from satellite altimetry and in situ observations
Bogi Hansen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Environmental Department, Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
Karin M. H. Larsen
Environmental Department, Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
Hjálmar Hátún
Environmental Department, Faroe Marine Research Institute, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
Steffen M. Olsen
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Andrea M. U. Gierisch
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Svein Østerhus
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate
Research, Bergen, Norway
Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir
Environmental Division, Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Hafnarfjörður,
Iceland
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Here, we describe a strait that has narrow and shallow sills in both ends and is close to an amphidromic region. This generates tidally driven flows into and out of the strait, but with very different exchange rates across the entrances in both ends so that it behaves like a mixture between a strait and a fjord. Using a numerical model, we find a fortnightly signal in the net transport through the strait, generated by long-period tides. Our findings are verified by observations.
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Compared to other freshwater sources, runoff from Iceland is small and usually flows into the Nordic Seas. Under certain wind conditions, it can, however, flow into the Iceland Basin and this occurred after 2014, when this region had already freshened from other causes. This explains why the surface freshening in this area became so extreme. The local and shallow character of this runoff allows it to have a disproportionate effect on vertical mixing, winter convection, and biological production.
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Bogi Hansen, Karin Margretha Húsgarð Larsen, Hjálmar Hátún, Steingrímur Jónsson, Sólveig Rósa Ólafsdóttir, Andreas Macrander, William Johns, N. Penny Holliday, and Steffen Malskær Olsen
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2021-14, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2021-14, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
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Compared to other freshwater sources, runoff from Iceland is small and usually flows into the Nordic Seas. Under certain wind conditions, it can, however, flow into the Iceland Basin and this occurred after 2014, when this region had already freshened from other causes. This explains why the surface freshening in this area became so extreme. The local and shallow character of this runoff allows it to have a disproportionate effect on vertical mixing, winter convection, and biological production.
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Short summary
Based on in situ observations combined with sea level anomaly (SLA) data from satellite altimetry, volume as well as heat (relative to 0 °C) transport of the Iceland–Faroe warm-water inflow towards the Arctic (IF inflow) increased from 1993 to 2021. The reprocessed SLA data released in December 2021 represent observed variations accurately. The IF inflow crosses the Iceland–Faroe Ridge in two branches, with retroflection in between. The associated coupling to overflow reduces predictability.
Based on in situ observations combined with sea level anomaly (SLA) data from satellite...
