Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1073-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1073-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 4
Technical note
 | 
19 Jul 2022
Technical note |  | 19 Jul 2022

Technical note: On seasonal variability of the M2 tide

Richard D. Ray

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Latest update: 06 Nov 2025
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Short summary
Seasonal variability of the M2 ocean tide can be detected at many ports. The physical mechanisms underlying seasonality, in the broadest terms, are astronomical, frictional–advective interactions, and climate processes. Some of these induce annual modulations, some semiannual, in amplitude, phase, or both. This note reviews how this occurs and gives an example from each broad category. Phase conventions and their relationship with causal mechanisms, as well as nomenclature, are also addressed.
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