Articles | Volume 15, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-379-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-379-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Arctic Mediterranean exchanges: a consistent volume budget and trends in transports from two decades of observations
Svein Østerhus
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
Rebecca Woodgate
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of
Washington, Seattle, USA
Héðinn Valdimarsson
Marine and Freshwater Research Institute,
Reykjavík, Iceland
Bill Turrell
Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen, UK
Laura de Steur
Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
Detlef Quadfasel
Institut
für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Steffen M. Olsen
Research and Development, Danish
Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Martin Moritz
Institut
für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Craig M. Lee
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of
Washington, Seattle, USA
Karin Margretha H. Larsen
Faroe Marine Research Institute,
Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
Steingrímur Jónsson
Marine and Freshwater Research Institute,
Reykjavík, Iceland
School of Business and Science, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
Clare Johnson
Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, UK
Kerstin Jochumsen
Institut
für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Bogi Hansen
Faroe Marine Research Institute,
Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
Beth Curry
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of
Washington, Seattle, USA
Stuart Cunningham
Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, UK
Barbara Berx
Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen, UK
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Latest update: 07 Oct 2024
Short summary
Two decades of observations of the Arctic Mediterranean (AM) exchanges show that the exchanges have been stable in terms of volume transport during a period when many other components of the global climate system have changed. The total AM import is found to be 9.1 Sv and has a seasonal variation in amplitude close to 1 Sv, and maximum import in October. Roughly one-third of the imported water leaves the AM as surface outflow.
Two decades of observations of the Arctic Mediterranean (AM) exchanges show that the exchanges...