Articles | Volume 13, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-379-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-379-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 May 2017
Research article |
| 10 May 2017
The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA)
Burkard Baschek
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Friedhelm Schroeder
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Holger Brix
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Rolf Riethmüller
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Thomas H. Badewien
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine
Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
Gisbert Breitbach
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Bernd Brügge
Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency,
Hamburg, Germany
Franciscus Colijn
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Roland Doerffer
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Christiane Eschenbach
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Jana Friedrich
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Philipp Fischer
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Center for Polar and Marine
Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Stefan Garthe
Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), University of Kiel,
Büsum, Germany
Jochen Horstmann
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Hajo Krasemann
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Katja Metfies
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Center for Polar and Marine
Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Lucas Merckelbach
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Nino Ohle
Hamburg Port Authority, Hamburg, Germany
Wilhelm Petersen
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Daniel Pröfrock
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Rüdiger Röttgers
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Michael Schlüter
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Center for Polar and Marine
Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Jan Schulz
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine
Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Emil Stanev
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Joanna Staneva
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Christian Winter
MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen
University, Bremen, Germany
Kai Wirtz
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Jochen Wollschläger
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
Oliver Zielinski
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine
Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
Friedwart Ziemer
Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
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Revised manuscript not accepted
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Huw W. Lewis, Juan Manuel Castillo Sanchez, John Siddorn, Robert R. King, Marina Tonani, Andrew Saulter, Peter Sykes, Anne-Christine Pequignet, Graham P. Weedon, Tamzin Palmer, Joanna Staneva, and Lucy Bricheno
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Wilhelm Petersen, Susanne Reinke, Gisbert Breitbach, Michail Petschatnikov, Henning Wehde, and Henrike Thomas
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Carsten Lemmen, Richard Hofmeister, Knut Klingbeil, M. Hassan Nasermoaddeli, Onur Kerimoglu, Hans Burchard, Frank Kösters, and Kai W. Wirtz
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Ulrich Callies, Nikolaus Groll, Jochen Horstmann, Hartmut Kapitza, Holger Klein, Silvia Maßmann, and Fabian Schwichtenberg
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Stefan Garthe, Verena Peschko, Ulrike Kubetzki, and Anna-Marie Corman
Ocean Sci., 13, 337–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-337-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-337-2017, 2017
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We investigated how the largest seabird of the North Atlantic, the northern gannet, uses the southern North Sea as its habitat to search for food. We deployed small GPS trackers on the birds that recorded the birds' movements in detail. Birds were away from the breeding colony mostly for 1–15 h and up to 80 km distance to find prey for their chicks and themselves. To obtain food, they dove frequently to depths of 1–3 m, with a maximum of 11 m.
Kathrin Wahle, Joanna Staneva, Wolfgang Koch, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, Ha T. M. Ho-Hagemann, and Emil V. Stanev
Ocean Sci., 13, 289–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-289-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-289-2017, 2017
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Reduction of wave forecasting errors is a challenge, especially in dynamically complicated coastal ocean areas such as the southern part of the North Sea area. We study the effects of coupling between an atmospheric and two nested-grid wind wave models. Comparisons with data from in situ and satellite altimeter observations indicate that two-way coupling improves the simulation of wind and wave parameters of the model and justifies its implementation for both operational and climate simulation.
Maria Moreno de Castro, Markus Schartau, and Kai Wirtz
Biogeosciences, 14, 1883–1901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1883-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1883-2017, 2017
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Observations from different mesocosms exposed to the same treatment level typically show variability that hinders the detection of potential treatments effects. To unearth relevant sources of variability, we developed and performed a data-based model analysis that simulates uncertainty propagation. With this method we investigate the divergence in the outcomes due to the amplification of differences in experimentally unresolved ecological factors within replicates of the same treatment level.
Philipp Fischer, Max Schwanitz, Reiner Loth, Uwe Posner, Markus Brand, and Friedhelm Schröder
Ocean Sci., 13, 259–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-259-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-259-2017, 2017
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We observed oceanographic and community data from October 2013 to November 2014 in the shallow waters of Kongsfjorden on the western coast of Svalbard (Norway) using remote controlled hydrographic and optic sensors. Daily vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, and turbidity were sampled together with stereo images of the macrobiotic community, including fish. A distinct seasonal cycle in total species abundances was found with surprisingly high animal counts during the polar winter.
Christiane A. Eschenbach
Ocean Sci., 13, 161–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-161-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-161-2017, 2017
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COSYNA (Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas) pursued various activities for stakeholder interaction. The steps, e.g. initial survey, external evaluation, interviews and workshops with stakeholders from the offshore wind sector, are integrated into the COSYNA product life cycle outlined here and exemplified for the product
Surface Current Fields. By sharing first-hand experiences this study contributes to the emerging knowledge on integration of coastal research and end users.
Ruben Carrasco, Michael Streßer, and Jochen Horstmann
Ocean Sci., 13, 95–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-95-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-95-2017, 2017
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The significant wave height (Hs) is one of the most relevant parameters to describe a sea state statistically. This parameter is commonly monitored by measurement devices placed in the water (wave rider buoy, ADCP), which require expensive maintenance. In this study, X-band radar, generally used for ship navigation, was modified to measure water particle speeds using the Doppler effect. Based on the obtained data, a simple method is introduced to remotely estimate Hs with a reasonable accuracy.
Yoana G. Voynova, Holger Brix, Wilhelm Petersen, Sieglinde Weigelt-Krenz, and Mirco Scharfe
Biogeosciences, 14, 541–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-541-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-541-2017, 2017
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This study focuses on how the June 2013 Elbe River flood affected the southern German Bight. The largest summer flood within the last 140 years, it generated a substantial plume of nutrient-rich, buoyant waters from the Elbe estuary onto the coast. During the calm 2013 summer, the flood was followed by prolonged (2-month) water column stratification, chlorophyll blooms in surface, and uncharacteristically low oxygen in bottom waters. With climate change, these events are becoming more frequent.
Nick Rüssmeier, Axel Hahn, Daniela Nicklas, and Oliver Zielinski
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 6, 37–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-37-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-6-37-2017, 2017
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Maritime study sites utilized as a physical experimental test bed for sensor data fusion, communication technology and data stream analysis tools can provide substantial frameworks for design and development of e-navigation technologies. Increasing safety by observation and monitoring of the maritime environment with new technologies meets forward-looking needs to facilitate situational awareness. The study highlights research potentials and foundations achieved by distributed optical sensors.
Lucas Merckelbach
Biogeosciences, 13, 6637–6649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6637-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6637-2016, 2016
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The use of ocean gliders, a class of underwater vehicles for observing the ocean to understand biogeochemical and physical processes, has been pioneered in the North Sea as part of the coastal observatory COSYNA. Since gliders go slow, strong tidal currents are problematic for their navigation. To predict (< 12 h) and reconstruct the local currents and the actual transect under water to know where the measurements were actually taken, an algorithm was developed using glider data only.
Katja Metfies, Friedhelm Schroeder, Johanna Hessel, Jochen Wollschläger, Sebastian Micheller, Christian Wolf, Estelle Kilias, Pim Sprong, Stefan Neuhaus, Stephan Frickenhaus, and Wilhelm Petersen
Ocean Sci., 12, 1237–1247, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1237-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1237-2016, 2016
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Here we introduce a new molecular-based observation strategy for high-resolution assessment of marine microbes (e.g., microalgae) in space and time. The observation strategy combines automated sampling on board ships or observation platforms with a variety of different molecular genetic methods for refined observation of marine microbes at adaquate scales, in order to better understand the impact of climate change on this group of organisms, which are at the base of marine food webs.
Joanna Staneva, Kathrin Wahle, Wolfgang Koch, Arno Behrens, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, and Emil V. Stanev
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2373–2389, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2373-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2373-2016, 2016
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This study addresses the impact of wind, waves, tidal forcing and baroclinicity on the sea level of the German Bight during extreme storm events. The role of wave-induced processes, tides and baroclinicity is quantified, and the results are compared with in situ measurements and satellite data. Considering a wave-dependent approach and baroclinicity, the surge is significantly enhanced in the coastal areas and the model results are closer to observations, especially during the extreme storm.
Anne-Christin Schulz, Thomas H. Badewien, Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba, and Oliver Zielinski
Ocean Sci., 12, 1155–1163, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1155-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1155-2016, 2016
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We compared observations from the operational Time Series Station Spiekeroog, related to water transparency, conducted correlation tests among these measured parameters, and explored the utility of both acoustic and optical tools in monitoring water transparency. Our findings suggest that both optical and acoustic measurements can be reasonable proxies of water transparency with the potential to mitigate gaps and increase data quality in long-time observations of marine environments.
Emil V. Stanev, Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth, Joanna Staneva, Sebastian Grayek, Sebastian Grashorn, Arno Behrens, Wolfgang Koch, and Johannes Pein
Ocean Sci., 12, 1105–1136, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1105-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1105-2016, 2016
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This paper describes coastal ocean forecasting practices exemplified for the North Sea and Baltic Sea. It identifies new challenges, most of which are associated with the nonlinear behavior of coastal oceans. It describes the assimilation of remote sensing, in situ and HF radar data, prediction of wind waves and storm surges, as well as applications to search and rescue operations. Seamless applications to coastal and estuarine modeling are also presented.
Joeran Maerz, Richard Hofmeister, Eefke M. van der Lee, Ulf Gräwe, Rolf Riethmüller, and Kai W. Wirtz
Biogeosciences, 13, 4863–4876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4863-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4863-2016, 2016
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We investigated sinking velocity (ws) of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the German Bight. By inferring ws indirectly from an extensive turbidity data set and hydrodynamic model results, we found enhanced ws in a coastal transition zone. Combined with known residual circulation patterns, this led to a new conceptual understanding of the retention of fine minerals and nutrients in shallow coastal areas. The retention is likely modulated by algal excretions enhancing flocculation of SPM.
Jun She, Icarus Allen, Erik Buch, Alessandro Crise, Johnny A. Johannessen, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Urmas Lips, Glenn Nolan, Nadia Pinardi, Jan H. Reißmann, John Siddorn, Emil Stanev, and Henning Wehde
Ocean Sci., 12, 953–976, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-953-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-953-2016, 2016
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This white paper addresses key scientific challenges and research priorities for the development of operational oceanography in Europe for the next 5–10 years. Knowledge gaps and deficiencies are identified in relation to common scientific challenges in four EuroGOOS knowledge areas: European ocean observations, modelling and forecasting technology, coastal operational oceanography, and operational ecology.
Gisbert Breitbach, Hajo Krasemann, Daniel Behr, Steffen Beringer, Uwe Lange, Nhan Vo, and Friedhelm Schroeder
Ocean Sci., 12, 909–923, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-909-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-909-2016, 2016
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The coastal observation system COSYNA aims to describe the physical and biogeochemical state of a regional coastal system. The COSYNA data management (CODM) is the link between observations, model results and data usage.
The challenge for CODM is the integration of diverse data sources in terms of parameters, dimensionality and observation methods to gain a comprehensive view of the observations.
How this is achieved is described in the paper.
Jens Kappenberg, Michael Berendt, Nino Ohle, Rolf Riethmüller, Dagmar Schuster, and Thomas Strotmann
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2016-7, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2016-7, 2016
Preprint withdrawn
Joanna Staneva, Kathrin Wahle, Heinz Günther, and Emil Stanev
Ocean Sci., 12, 797–806, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-797-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-797-2016, 2016
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This study addresses the impact of coupling between wind wave and circulation models on the quality of coastal ocean predicting systems. This topic reflects the increased interest in operational oceanography to reduce prediction errors of state estimates at coastal scales. The improved skill of the coupled forecasts compared to the non-coupled ones, in particular during extreme events, justifies the further enhancements of coastal operational systems by including wind wave models.
Jaime Pitarch, Gianluca Volpe, Simone Colella, Hajo Krasemann, and Rosalia Santoleri
Ocean Sci., 12, 379–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-379-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-379-2016, 2016
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Several operational satellite chlorophyll a (CHL) in the Baltic Sea were tested at a regional scale. Comparison to an extensive in situ CHL dataset showed low linearity. Bias-corrected CHL annual cycles were computed. The Gulf of Bothnia displays a single CHL peak during spring. In Skagerrak and Kattegat, there is a small bloom in spring and a minimum in summer. In the central Baltic, CHL follows a dynamic of a mild spring bloom followed by a much stronger bloom in summer.
Arthur Capet, Emil V. Stanev, Jean-Marie Beckers, James W. Murray, and Marilaure Grégoire
Biogeosciences, 13, 1287–1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1287-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1287-2016, 2016
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We show that the Black Sea oxygen inventory has decreased by 44 % from 1955 to 2015, while oxygen penetration depth decreased from 140 to 90 m. A transient increase of the oxygen inventory during 1985–1995 supported the perception of a stable oxic interface and of a general recovery of the Black Sea after a strong eutrophication phase (1970–1990). Instead, we show that ongoing high oxygen consumption was masked by high ventilation rates, which are now limited by atmospheric warming.
L. Holinde and O. Zielinski
Ocean Sci., 12, 117–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-117-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-117-2016, 2016
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In 2012 measurements were conducted in two adjacent estuary systems on Greenland’s western coast that are strongly influenced by glacial meltwater. Results described in this study show the relevance of inorganic SPM and Chl a alike, while colored dissolved organic matter is less prominent. Light availability was recorded throughout the cruise and an effective two-component (Chl a and inorganic SPM) model for PAR is developed to fill observational gaps from insufficient light conditions.
M. Haller, F. Janssen, J. Siddorn, W. Petersen, and S. Dick
Ocean Sci., 11, 879–896, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-879-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-879-2015, 2015
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Automated measurement systems called FerryBox are installed on cargo ships in the North Sea. Operational model forecasts have been compared to FerryBox data of water temperature and salinity. We wanted to know how well the simulations agree with the observations. We found out that water temperature simulation gives satisfying results, while salinity simulation still could be improved. It turned out that assimilation of observational data into operational models gives strong benefits.
L. Holinde, T. H. Badewien, J. A. Freund, E. V. Stanev, and O. Zielinski
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 289–297, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-289-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-289-2015, 2015
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We present water level data derived from long-term measurements of water pressure at the Time Series Station Spiekeroog (southern North Sea). Problems addressed during data processing include outliers, data gaps and sensor drift. For quality control, we compared the processed data to measurements of water level obtained nearby. We also carried out a storm flood analysis and a Fourier analysis to identify major tidal components.
E. V. Stanev, Y. He, J. Staneva, and E. Yakushev
Biogeosciences, 11, 5707–5732, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5707-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5707-2014, 2014
B. Heim, E. Abramova, R. Doerffer, F. Günther, J. Hölemann, A. Kraberg, H. Lantuit, A. Loginova, F. Martynov, P. P. Overduin, and C. Wegner
Biogeosciences, 11, 4191–4210, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4191-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4191-2014, 2014
J. Friedrich, F. Janssen, D. Aleynik, H. W. Bange, N. Boltacheva, M. N. Çagatay, A. W. Dale, G. Etiope, Z. Erdem, M. Geraga, A. Gilli, M. T. Gomoiu, P. O. J. Hall, D. Hansson, Y. He, M. Holtappels, M. K. Kirf, M. Kononets, S. Konovalov, A. Lichtschlag, D. M. Livingstone, G. Marinaro, S. Mazlumyan, S. Naeher, R. P. North, G. Papatheodorou, O. Pfannkuche, R. Prien, G. Rehder, C. J. Schubert, T. Soltwedel, S. Sommer, H. Stahl, E. V. Stanev, A. Teaca, A. Tengberg, C. Waldmann, B. Wehrli, and F. Wenzhöfer
Biogeosciences, 11, 1215–1259, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1215-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1215-2014, 2014
H. Örek, R. Doerffer, R. Röttgers, M. Boersma, and K. H. Wiltshire
Biogeosciences, 10, 7081–7094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7081-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7081-2013, 2013
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Short summary
The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA) was established in order to better understand the complex interdisciplinary processes of northern seas and the Arctic coasts in a changing environment. Particular focus is given to the heavily used German Bight in the North Sea. The automated observing and modelling system is designed to monitor real-time conditions, to provide short-term forecasts and data products, and to assess the impact of anthropogenically induced change.
The Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA) was established in order to...
