Articles | Volume 21, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-283-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-283-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
30 Jan 2025
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 30 Jan 2025
| 30 Jan 2025
Blending 2D topography images from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission into the altimeter constellation with the Level-3 multi-mission Data Unification and Altimeter Combination System (DUACS)
Gerald Dibarboure
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale (CNES), Toulouse, France
Cécile Anadon
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Frédéric Briol
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Emeline Cadier
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Robin Chevrier
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Antoine Delepoulle
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Yannice Faugère
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale (CNES), Toulouse, France
Alice Laloue
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Rosemary Morrow
Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), Toulouse, France
Nicolas Picot
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale (CNES), Toulouse, France
Pierre Prandi
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Marie-Isabelle Pujol
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Matthias Raynal
Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale (CNES), Toulouse, France
Anaelle Tréboutte
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Clément Ubelmann
Datlas, Grenoble, France
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Cited
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Physically-constrained flow learning reveals diurnal submesoscale surface currents from geostationary satellite observations X. Ding et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2025.12.005
- Fine-Scale Eddies Revealed by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission Z. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18162654
- Two-dimensional imaging of the tsunami caused by the 29 July 2025, M w 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake from SWOT D. Krishna et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490419.2026.2642747
- SWOT Satellite Altimetry Observations and Source Model for the Tsunami from the 2025 M 8.8 Kamchatka Earthquake A. Ruiz-Angulo et al. https://doi.org/10.1785/0320250037
- Wide-swath satellite altimetry reveals hotspots of small mesoscale eddies in the western Arctic Ocean C. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03498-9
- Merging of a mesoscale eddy into the Lofoten Vortex in the Norwegian Sea captured by an ocean glider and SWOT observations G. Damerell et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2763-2025
- Comparison of SWOT-Derived Submesoscale Surface Currents with OSCAR Data in the East Sea and Seas around the Ieodo Ocean Research Station H. Woo et al. https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2025.46.5.499
- An Adaptive CNN-Based Approach for Improving SWOT-Derived Sea-Level Observations Using Drifter Velocities S. Asdar & B. Buongiorno Nardelli https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17152681
- SWOT Observations of Bimodal Seasonal Submesoscale Processes in the Kuroshio Large Meander X. Zhao & Y. Lin https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18030384
- Evaluating SWOT-Derived Surface Quasi-Geostrophic Currents With HF Radar Observations L. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3700330
- On the use of SWOT altimetry data for monitoring coastal hydrodynamics E. Turki et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104982
- High-latitude eddy statistics from SWOT compared with in situ observations C. de Marez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1515-2026
- Satellite altimetry and operational oceanography: from Jason-1 to SWOT P. Le Traon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1329-2025
- Can satellite altimetry observe coastally trapped waves on sub-monthly timescales? M. Passaro https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2663-2025
- SDNet: a multi-scale SWOT framework for denoising and quality-control optimization in inland water body extraction H. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2026.2636315
- Characterisation of sea ice kinematics over oceanic eddies M. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.10213
- Comparison of a global high-resolution ocean data assimilation system with SWOT observations E. Fouchet et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1563934
- Internal solitary waves refraction and diffraction from interaction with eddies off the Amazon Shelf from SWOT C. Goret et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-679-2026
- A global internal tide modeling framework for improving satellite observations of fine-scale ocean circulation B. Yadidya et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aee1885
- Synoptic observation of a full mesoscale eddy lifetime and its secondary instabilities in the Gulf of Mexico C. de Marez https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1933-2025
- SYSU_Topo: a 1-arc-minute global bathymetry from SWOT-derived gravity using the gravity-geological method W. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06641-5
- First mapping of a tsunami wavefield by SWOT satellite: observation data and preliminary numerical simulation of the 19 May 2023 tsunami near the Loyalty Islands J. Roger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-943-2026
- Hydrological insights from SWOT: Comparative analysis of water surface elevation and area time series from hydrocron API S. Karahan & O. Gündüz https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101790
- The slip distribution of the 2025 Kamchatka earthquake determined from SWOT satellite dispersive tsunami images K. Ishijima & S. Watada https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-026-02508-6
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Physically-constrained flow learning reveals diurnal submesoscale surface currents from geostationary satellite observations X. Ding et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2025.12.005
- Fine-Scale Eddies Revealed by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission Z. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18162654
- Two-dimensional imaging of the tsunami caused by the 29 July 2025, M w 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake from SWOT D. Krishna et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490419.2026.2642747
- SWOT Satellite Altimetry Observations and Source Model for the Tsunami from the 2025 M 8.8 Kamchatka Earthquake A. Ruiz-Angulo et al. https://doi.org/10.1785/0320250037
- Wide-swath satellite altimetry reveals hotspots of small mesoscale eddies in the western Arctic Ocean C. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03498-9
- Merging of a mesoscale eddy into the Lofoten Vortex in the Norwegian Sea captured by an ocean glider and SWOT observations G. Damerell et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2763-2025
- Comparison of SWOT-Derived Submesoscale Surface Currents with OSCAR Data in the East Sea and Seas around the Ieodo Ocean Research Station H. Woo et al. https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2025.46.5.499
- An Adaptive CNN-Based Approach for Improving SWOT-Derived Sea-Level Observations Using Drifter Velocities S. Asdar & B. Buongiorno Nardelli https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17152681
- SWOT Observations of Bimodal Seasonal Submesoscale Processes in the Kuroshio Large Meander X. Zhao & Y. Lin https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18030384
- Evaluating SWOT-Derived Surface Quasi-Geostrophic Currents With HF Radar Observations L. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3700330
- On the use of SWOT altimetry data for monitoring coastal hydrodynamics E. Turki et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104982
- High-latitude eddy statistics from SWOT compared with in situ observations C. de Marez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1515-2026
- Satellite altimetry and operational oceanography: from Jason-1 to SWOT P. Le Traon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1329-2025
- Can satellite altimetry observe coastally trapped waves on sub-monthly timescales? M. Passaro https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2663-2025
- SDNet: a multi-scale SWOT framework for denoising and quality-control optimization in inland water body extraction H. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2026.2636315
- Characterisation of sea ice kinematics over oceanic eddies M. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.10213
- Comparison of a global high-resolution ocean data assimilation system with SWOT observations E. Fouchet et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1563934
- Internal solitary waves refraction and diffraction from interaction with eddies off the Amazon Shelf from SWOT C. Goret et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-679-2026
- A global internal tide modeling framework for improving satellite observations of fine-scale ocean circulation B. Yadidya et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aee1885
- Synoptic observation of a full mesoscale eddy lifetime and its secondary instabilities in the Gulf of Mexico C. de Marez https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1933-2025
- SYSU_Topo: a 1-arc-minute global bathymetry from SWOT-derived gravity using the gravity-geological method W. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06641-5
- First mapping of a tsunami wavefield by SWOT satellite: observation data and preliminary numerical simulation of the 19 May 2023 tsunami near the Loyalty Islands J. Roger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-943-2026
- Hydrological insights from SWOT: Comparative analysis of water surface elevation and area time series from hydrocron API S. Karahan & O. Gündüz https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101790
- The slip distribution of the 2025 Kamchatka earthquake determined from SWOT satellite dispersive tsunami images K. Ishijima & S. Watada https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-026-02508-6
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 17 Aug 2026
Editorial statement
This paper thoroughly describes the data processing steps and assessment of the usefulness of the new SWOT mission for advancing ocean science. The paper will be of great interest the ocean and sea ice communities and others. The discussion of the benefits, relevance, and limitations of Level-3 swath-altimeter products for various research domains is particularly important.
This paper thoroughly describes the data processing steps and assessment of the usefulness of...
Short summary
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission delivers unprecedented swath-altimetry products. In this paper, we describe how we extended the Level-3 algorithms to handle SWOT’s unique swath-altimeter data. We also illustrate and discuss the benefits, relevance, and limitations of Level-3 swath-altimeter products for various research domains.
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission delivers unprecedented swath-altimetry...
