Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 21, issue 3
Articles | Volume 21, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1065-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1065-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 3
Research article
 | Highlight paper
 | 
20 Jun 2025
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 20 Jun 2025

Long-term prediction of the Gulf Stream meander using OceanNet: a principled neural-operator-based digital twin

Michael Gray, Ashesh Chattopadhyay, Tianning Wu, Anna Lowe, and Ruoying He

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LUCIE-3D: A three-dimensional climate emulator for forced responses
Haiwen Guan, Troy Arcomano, Ashesh Chattopadhyay, and Romit Maulik
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4305,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4305, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
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Cited articles

Agarwal, N., Kondrashov, D., Dueben, P., Ryzhov, E., and Berloff, P.: A comparison of data-driven approaches to build low-dimensional ocean models, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 13, e2021MS002537, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002537, 2021. a
Bi, K., Xie, L., Zhang, H., Chen, X., Gu, X., and Tian, Q.: Accurate medium-range global weather forecasting with 3D neural networks, Nature, 619, 533–538, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06185-3, 2023. a, b, c, d
Chassignet, E. P. and Marshall, D. P.: Gulf Stream Separation in Numerical Ocean Models, Wiley, 39–61, https://doi.org/10.1029/177GM05, 2008. a, b
Chassignet, E. P. and Xu, X.: Impact of horizontal resolution (1/12° to 1/50°) on Gulf Stream separation, penetration, and variability, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 47, 1999–2021, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-17-0031.1, 2017. a
Chattopadhyay, A. and Hassanzadeh, P.: Long-term instabilities of deep learning-based digital twins of the climate system: the cause and a solution, arXiv [preprint], https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.07029 2023. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l
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The use of neural networks to emulate the dynamics of the Earth system (ocean, atmosphere) is of critical importance since it enables efficient and operational forecast, data assimilation, and affordable uncertainty quantification. This field has been very productive in numerical weather forecasts but relatively fewer results were demonstrated in the oceans. This paper could be a reference for mesoscale ocean dynamics emulation.
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The Gulf Stream is a prominent oceanic feature in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean that influences weather patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and is notoriously difficult to predict. We present a machine learning model, OceanNet, to predict the position of the Gulf Stream months in advance. OceanNet is able to perform a 120 d prediction 4 000 000 times faster than traditional methods of ocean modeling with great accuracy.
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