Articles | Volume 20, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1267-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1267-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Oct 2024
Research article |
| 18 Oct 2024
| 18 Oct 2024
Subsurface floats in the Filchner Trough provide the first direct under-ice tracks of the circulation on shelf
Jean-Baptiste Sallée
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
Lucie Vignes
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
Audrey Minière
Mercator Ocean International, Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
Nadine Steiger
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
Etienne Pauthenet
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LOPS, 29280 Plouzané, France
Antonio Lourenco
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
Kevin Speer
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute and Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
Peter Lazarevich
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute and Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
Keith W. Nicholls
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Related authors
Linus Vogt, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, and Casimir de Lavergne
Ocean Sci., 21, 1081–1103, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1081-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1081-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean buffers human-induced climate change by taking up excess heat from the atmosphere. In this study, we use an ensemble of global climate models to study the physical processes which set the efficiency at which this heat is stored in the ocean. We reconcile previous attempts to explain controls on this efficiency and find that Southern Ocean stratification is a key model property due to its influence on the local overturning circulation and its connection to the subpolar North Atlantic.
Linus Vogt, Casimir de Lavergne, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Lester Kwiatkowski, Thomas L. Frölicher, and Jens Terhaar
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3982037/v2, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3982037/v2, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean heat uptake (OHU) accounts for over 90% of the Earth's excess energy storage due to climate change, but future (OHU) projections strongly differ between climate models. Here, we reveal an observational constraint on future OHU using historical Antarctic sea ice extent observations. This emergent constraint is based on a coupling between sea ice, deep and surface ocean temperatures, and cloud feedback. It implies an upward correction of 2024–2100 global OHU projections by up to 14%.
Kirtana Naëck, Jacqueline Boutin, Sebastiaan Swart, Marcel du Plessis, Liliane Merlivat, Laurence Beaumont, Antonio Lourenco, Francesco d'Ovidio, Louise Rousselet, Brian Ward, and Jean-Baptiste Sallée
Biogeosciences, 22, 1947–1968, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1947-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1947-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In summer 2022, a CARbon Interface OCean Atmosphere (CARIOCA) drifting buoy observed an anomalously strong ocean carbon sink in the subpolar Southern Ocean associated with large plumes of chlorophyll a. Lagrangian backward trajectories indicate that these waters originated from the sea ice edge in spring 2021. Our study highlights the northward migration of the CO2 sink associated with early sea ice retreat.
Yona Silvy, Clément Rousset, Eric Guilyardi, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Juliette Mignot, Christian Ethé, and Gurvan Madec
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7683–7713, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7683-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7683-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A modeling framework is introduced to understand and decompose the mechanisms causing the ocean temperature, salinity and circulation to change since the pre-industrial period and into 21st century scenarios of global warming. This framework aims to look at the response to changes in the winds and in heat and freshwater exchanges at the ocean interface in global climate models, throughout the 1850–2100 period, to unravel their individual effects on the changing physical structure of the ocean.
Gilles Reverdin, Claire Waelbroeck, Catherine Pierre, Camille Akhoudas, Giovanni Aloisi, Marion Benetti, Bernard Bourlès, Magnus Danielsen, Jérôme Demange, Denis Diverrès, Jean-Claude Gascard, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Hervé Le Goff, Pascale Lherminier, Claire Lo Monaco, Herlé Mercier, Nicolas Metzl, Simon Morisset, Aïcha Naamar, Thierry Reynaud, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Virginie Thierry, Susan E. Hartman, Edward W. Mawji, Solveig Olafsdottir, Torsten Kanzow, Anton Velo, Antje Voelker, Igor Yashayaev, F. Alexander Haumann, Melanie J. Leng, Carol Arrowsmith, and Michael Meredith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2721–2735, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The CISE-LOCEAN seawater stable isotope dataset has close to 8000 data entries. The δ18O and δD isotopic data measured at LOCEAN have uncertainties of at most 0.05 ‰ and 0.25 ‰, respectively. Some data were adjusted to correct for evaporation. The internal consistency indicates that the data can be used to investigate time and space variability to within 0.03 ‰ and 0.15 ‰ in δ18O–δD17; comparisons with data analyzed in other institutions suggest larger differences with other datasets.
Linus Vogt, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, and Casimir de Lavergne
Ocean Sci., 21, 1081–1103, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1081-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1081-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean buffers human-induced climate change by taking up excess heat from the atmosphere. In this study, we use an ensemble of global climate models to study the physical processes which set the efficiency at which this heat is stored in the ocean. We reconcile previous attempts to explain controls on this efficiency and find that Southern Ocean stratification is a key model property due to its influence on the local overturning circulation and its connection to the subpolar North Atlantic.
Linus Vogt, Casimir de Lavergne, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Lester Kwiatkowski, Thomas L. Frölicher, and Jens Terhaar
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3982037/v2, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3982037/v2, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean heat uptake (OHU) accounts for over 90% of the Earth's excess energy storage due to climate change, but future (OHU) projections strongly differ between climate models. Here, we reveal an observational constraint on future OHU using historical Antarctic sea ice extent observations. This emergent constraint is based on a coupling between sea ice, deep and surface ocean temperatures, and cloud feedback. It implies an upward correction of 2024–2100 global OHU projections by up to 14%.
Kirtana Naëck, Jacqueline Boutin, Sebastiaan Swart, Marcel du Plessis, Liliane Merlivat, Laurence Beaumont, Antonio Lourenco, Francesco d'Ovidio, Louise Rousselet, Brian Ward, and Jean-Baptiste Sallée
Biogeosciences, 22, 1947–1968, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1947-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1947-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In summer 2022, a CARbon Interface OCean Atmosphere (CARIOCA) drifting buoy observed an anomalously strong ocean carbon sink in the subpolar Southern Ocean associated with large plumes of chlorophyll a. Lagrangian backward trajectories indicate that these waters originated from the sea ice edge in spring 2021. Our study highlights the northward migration of the CO2 sink associated with early sea ice retreat.
Lu Zhou, Holly Ayres, Birte Gülk, Aditya Narayanan, Casimir de Lavergne, Malin Ödalen, Alessandro Silvano, Xingchi Wang, Margaret Lindeman, and Nadine Steiger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-999, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-999, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Polynyas are large openings in polar sea ice that can influence global climate and ocean circulation. After disappearing for 40 years, major polynyas reappeared in the Weddell Sea in 2016 and 2017, sparking new scientific questions. Our review explores how ocean currents, atmospheric conditions, and deep ocean heat drive their formation. These polynyas impact ecosystems, carbon exchange, and deep water formation, but their future remains uncertain, requiring better observations and models.
Benjamin Keith Galton-Fenzi, Richard Porter-Smith, Sue Cook, Eva Cougnon, David E. Gwyther, Wilma G. C. Huneke, Madelaine G. Rosevear, Xylar Asay-Davis, Fabio Boeira Dias, Michael S. Dinniman, David Holland, Kazuya Kusahara, Kaitlin A. Naughten, Keith W. Nicholls, Charles Pelletier, Ole Richter, Helene L. Seroussi, and Ralph Timmermann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4047, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4047, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Melting beneath Antarctica’s floating ice shelves is key to future sea-level rise. We compare several different ocean simulations with satellite measurements, and provide the first multi-model average estimate of melting and refreezing driven by both ocean temperature and currents beneath ice shelves. The multi-model average can provide a useful tool for better understanding the role of ice shelf melting in present-day and future ice-sheet changes and informing coastal adaptation efforts.
Shenjie Zhou, Pierre Dutrieux, Claudia F. Giulivi, Adrian Jenkins, Alessandro Silvano, Christopher Auckland, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Michael P. Meredith, Irena Vaňková, Keith W. Nicholls, Peter E. D. Davis, Svein Østerhus, Arnold L. Gordon, Christopher J. Zappa, Tiago S. Dotto, Theodore A. Scambos, Kathyrn L. Gunn, Stephen R. Rintoul, Shigeru Aoki, Craig Stevens, Chengyan Liu, Sukyoung Yun, Tae-Wan Kim, Won Sang Lee, Markus Janout, Tore Hattermann, Julius Lauber, Elin Darelius, Anna Wåhlin, Leo Middleton, Pasquale Castagno, Giorgio Budillon, Karen J. Heywood, Jennifer Graham, Stephen Dye, Daisuke Hirano, and Una Kim Miller
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-54, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-54, 2025
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We created the first standardised dataset of in-situ ocean measurements time series from around Antarctica collected since 1970s. This includes temperature, salinity, pressure, and currents recorded by instruments deployed in icy, challenging conditions. Our analysis highlights the dominance of tidal currents and separates these from other patterns to study regional energy distribution. This unique dataset offers a foundation for future research on Antarctic ocean dynamics and ice interactions.
Karina von Schuckmann, Lorena Moreira, Mathilde Cancet, Flora Gues, Emmanuelle Autret, Jonathan Baker, Clément Bricaud, Romain Bourdalle-Badie, Lluis Castrillo, Lijing Cheng, Frederic Chevallier, Daniele Ciani, Alvaro de Pascual-Collar, Vincenzo De Toma, Marie Drevillon, Claudia Fanelli, Gilles Garric, Marion Gehlen, Rianne Giesen, Kevin Hodges, Doroteaciro Iovino, Simon Jandt-Scheelke, Eric Jansen, Melanie Juza, Ioanna Karagali, Thomas Lavergne, Simona Masina, Ronan McAdam, Audrey Minière, Helen Morrison, Tabea Rebekka Panteleit, Andrea Pisano, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Ad Stoffelen, Sulian Thual, Simon Van Gennip, Pierre Veillard, Chunxue Yang, and Hao Zuo
State Planet, 4-osr8, 1, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-1-2024, 2024
Karina von Schuckmann, Audrey Minière, Flora Gues, Francisco José Cuesta-Valero, Gottfried Kirchengast, Susheel Adusumilli, Fiammetta Straneo, Michaël Ablain, Richard P. Allan, Paul M. Barker, Hugo Beltrami, Alejandro Blazquez, Tim Boyer, Lijing Cheng, John Church, Damien Desbruyeres, Han Dolman, Catia M. Domingues, Almudena García-García, Donata Giglio, John E. Gilson, Maximilian Gorfer, Leopold Haimberger, Maria Z. Hakuba, Stefan Hendricks, Shigeki Hosoda, Gregory C. Johnson, Rachel Killick, Brian King, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Anton Korosov, Gerhard Krinner, Mikael Kuusela, Felix W. Landerer, Moritz Langer, Thomas Lavergne, Isobel Lawrence, Yuehua Li, John Lyman, Florence Marti, Ben Marzeion, Michael Mayer, Andrew H. MacDougall, Trevor McDougall, Didier Paolo Monselesan, Jan Nitzbon, Inès Otosaka, Jian Peng, Sarah Purkey, Dean Roemmich, Kanako Sato, Katsunari Sato, Abhishek Savita, Axel Schweiger, Andrew Shepherd, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Leon Simons, Donald A. Slater, Thomas Slater, Andrea K. Steiner, Toshio Suga, Tanguy Szekely, Wim Thiery, Mary-Louise Timmermans, Inne Vanderkelen, Susan E. Wjiffels, Tonghua Wu, and Michael Zemp
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1675–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earth's climate is out of energy balance, and this study quantifies how much heat has consequently accumulated over the past decades (ocean: 89 %, land: 6 %, cryosphere: 4 %, atmosphere: 1 %). Since 1971, this accumulated heat reached record values at an increasing pace. The Earth heat inventory provides a comprehensive view on the status and expectation of global warming, and we call for an implementation of this global climate indicator into the Paris Agreement’s Global Stocktake.
Yona Silvy, Clément Rousset, Eric Guilyardi, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Juliette Mignot, Christian Ethé, and Gurvan Madec
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7683–7713, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7683-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7683-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A modeling framework is introduced to understand and decompose the mechanisms causing the ocean temperature, salinity and circulation to change since the pre-industrial period and into 21st century scenarios of global warming. This framework aims to look at the response to changes in the winds and in heat and freshwater exchanges at the ocean interface in global climate models, throughout the 1850–2100 period, to unravel their individual effects on the changing physical structure of the ocean.
Angelika Humbert, Julia Christmann, Hugh F. J. Corr, Veit Helm, Lea-Sophie Höyns, Coen Hofstede, Ralf Müller, Niklas Neckel, Keith W. Nicholls, Timm Schultz, Daniel Steinhage, Michael Wolovick, and Ole Zeising
The Cryosphere, 16, 4107–4139, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ice shelves are normally flat structures that fringe the Antarctic continent. At some locations they have channels incised into their underside. On Filchner Ice Shelf, such a channel is more than 50 km long and up to 330 m high. We conducted field measurements of basal melt rates and found a maximum of 2 m yr−1. Simulations represent the geometry evolution of the channel reasonably well. There is no reason to assume that this type of melt channel is destabilizing ice shelves.
Etienne Pauthenet, Loïc Bachelot, Kevin Balem, Guillaume Maze, Anne-Marie Tréguier, Fabien Roquet, Ronan Fablet, and Pierre Tandeo
Ocean Sci., 18, 1221–1244, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Temperature and salinity profiles are essential for studying the ocean’s stratification, but there are not enough of these data. Satellites are able to measure daily maps of the surface ocean. We train a machine to learn the link between the satellite data and the profiles in the Gulf Stream region. We can then use this link to predict profiles at the high resolution of the satellite maps. Our prediction is fast to compute and allows us to get profiles at any locations only from surface data.
Autun Purser, Laura Hehemann, Lilian Boehringer, Ellen Werner, Santiago E. A. Pineda-Metz, Lucie Vignes, Axel Nordhausen, Moritz Holtappels, and Frank Wenzhoefer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3635–3648, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3635-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3635-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Within this paper we present the seafloor images, maps and acoustic camera data collected by a towed underwater research platform deployed in 20 locations across the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica, during the PS124 COSMUS expedition with the research icebreaker RV Polarstern in 2021. The 20 deployments highlight the great variability in seafloor structure and faunal communities present. Of key interest was the discovery of the largest fish nesting colony discovered globally to date.
Gilles Reverdin, Claire Waelbroeck, Catherine Pierre, Camille Akhoudas, Giovanni Aloisi, Marion Benetti, Bernard Bourlès, Magnus Danielsen, Jérôme Demange, Denis Diverrès, Jean-Claude Gascard, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Hervé Le Goff, Pascale Lherminier, Claire Lo Monaco, Herlé Mercier, Nicolas Metzl, Simon Morisset, Aïcha Naamar, Thierry Reynaud, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Virginie Thierry, Susan E. Hartman, Edward W. Mawji, Solveig Olafsdottir, Torsten Kanzow, Anton Velo, Antje Voelker, Igor Yashayaev, F. Alexander Haumann, Melanie J. Leng, Carol Arrowsmith, and Michael Meredith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2721–2735, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The CISE-LOCEAN seawater stable isotope dataset has close to 8000 data entries. The δ18O and δD isotopic data measured at LOCEAN have uncertainties of at most 0.05 ‰ and 0.25 ‰, respectively. Some data were adjusted to correct for evaporation. The internal consistency indicates that the data can be used to investigate time and space variability to within 0.03 ‰ and 0.15 ‰ in δ18O–δD17; comparisons with data analyzed in other institutions suggest larger differences with other datasets.
Ole Zeising, Daniel Steinhage, Keith W. Nicholls, Hugh F. J. Corr, Craig L. Stewart, and Angelika Humbert
The Cryosphere, 16, 1469–1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Remote-sensing-derived basal melt rates of ice shelves are of great importance due to their capability to cover larger areas. We performed in situ measurements with a phase-sensitive radar on the southern Filchner Ice Shelf, showing moderate melt rates and low small-scale spatial variability. The comparison with remote-sensing-based melt rates revealed large differences caused by the estimation of vertical strain rates from remote sensing velocity fields that modern fields can overcome.
Ryan Schubert, Andrew F. Thompson, Kevin Speer, Lena Schulze Chretien, and Yana Bebieva
The Cryosphere, 15, 4179–4199, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4179-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4179-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Coastal Current (AACC) is an ocean current found along the coast of Antarctica. Using measurements of temperature and salinity collected by instrumented seals, the AACC is shown to be a continuous circulation feature throughout West Antarctica. Due to its proximity to the coast, the AACC's structure influences oceanic melting of West Antarctic ice shelves. These melt rates impact the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet with global implications for future sea level change.
Cited articles
Arndt, J. E., Schenke, H. W., Jakobsson, M., Nitsche, F. O., Buys, G., Goleby, B., Rebesco, M., Bohoyo, F., Hong, J., Black, J., Greku, R., Udintsev, G., Barrios, F., Reynoso-Peralta, W., Taisei, M., and Wigley, R.: The international bathymetric chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) version 1.0 – A new bathymetric compilation covering circum-Antarctic waters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3111–3117, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50413, 2013. a
Årthun, M., Nicholls, K. W., Makinson, K., Fedak, M. A., and Boehme, L.: Seasonal inflow of warm water onto the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L17601, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052856, 2012. a, b, c, d
Daae, K., Hattermann, T., Darelius, E., Mueller, R., Naughten, K., Timmermann, R., and Hellmer, H.: Necessary conditions for warm inflow toward the Filchner Ice Shelf, Weddell Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, 1–11, 2020. a
Darelius, E., Smedsrud, L. H., Østerhus, S., Foldvik, A., and Gammelsrød, T.: Structure and variability of the Filchner overflow plume, Tellus A, 61, 446–464, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2009.00391.x, 2009. a
Davis, P. E. D., Jenkins, A., Nicholls, K. W., Dutrieux, P., Schröder, M., Janout, M. A., Hellmer, H. H., Templeton, R., and McPhail, S.: Observations of modified warm deep water beneath Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, from an autonomous underwater vehicle, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 127, e2022JC019103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019103, 2022. a
DeConto, R. M. and Pollard, D.: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea-level rise, Nature, 531, 591–597, 2016. a
Dinniman, M. S., Klinck, J. M., and Smith Jr., W. O.: A model study of Circumpolar Deep Water on the West Antarctic Peninsula and Ross Sea continental shelves, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 58, 1508–1523, 2011. a
Dupont, T. and Alley, R. B.: Assessment of the importance of ice-shelf buttressing to ice-sheet flow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L04503, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022024, 2005. a
Foldvik, A. and Gammelsrød, T.: Notes on Southern Ocean hydrography, sea-ice and bottom water formation, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 67, 3–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90119-8, 1988. a
Foldvik, A., Gammelsrød, T., and Tørresen, T.: Circulation and water masses on the southern Weddell Sea shelf, Oceanology of the Antarctic Continental Shelf, 43, 5–20, 1985. a
Foldvik, A., Gammelsrød, T., Østerhus, S., Fahrbach, E., Rohardt, G., Schröder, M., Nicholls, K. W., Padman, L., and Woodgate, R.: Ice shelf water overflow and bottom water formation in the southern Weddell Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 109, C02015, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002008, 2004. a
Fox, A. J., Paul, A., and Cooper, R.: Measured properties of the Antarctic ice sheet derived from the SCAR Antarctic digital database, Polar Rec., 30, 201–206, 1994. a
Girton, J. B., Christianson, K., Dunlap, J., Dutrieux, P., Gobat, J., Lee, C., and Rainville, L.: Buoyancy-adjusting profiling floats for exploration of heat transport, melt rates, and mixing in the ocean cavities under floating ice shelves, in: OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE, Seattle, WA, USA, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962744, 2019. a
Haid, V. and Timmermann, R.: Simulated heat flux and sea ice production at coastal polynyas in the southwestern Weddell Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 2640–2652, 2013. a
Hattermann, T., Smedsrud, L. H., Nøst, O. A., Lilly, J. M., and Galton-Fenzi, B. K.: Eddy-resolving simulations of the Fimbul Ice Shelf cavity circulation: Basal melting and exchange with open ocean, Ocean Model., 82, 28–44, 2014. a
Hattermann, T., Nicholls, K. W., Hellmer, H. H., Davis, P. E., Janout, M. A., Østerhus, S., Schlosser, E., Rohardt, G., and Kanzow, T.: Observed interannual changes beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation, Nat. Commun., 12, 2961, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23131-x, 2021. a, b
Hazel, J. E. and Stewart, A. L.: Bistability of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf cavity circulation and basal melt, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015848, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015848, 2020. a
Hellmer, H. H. and Holtappels, M.: The Expedition PS124 of the Research Vessel POLARSTERN to the southern Weddell Sea in 2021, Reports on polar and marine research, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 755, 237 pp., https://doi.org/10.48433/BzPM_0755_2021, 2021. a
Hellmer, H. H., Kauker, F., Timmermann, R., Determann, J., and Rae, J.: Twenty-first-century warming of a large Antarctic ice-shelf cavity by a redirected coastal current, Nature, 485, 225–228, 2012. a
Hellmer, H. H., Kauker, F., Timmermann, R., and Hattermann, T.: The fate of the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf in a warming climate, J. Climate, 30, 4337–4350, 2017. a
Jacobs, S., Hellmer, H., Doake, C., Jenkins, A., and Frolich, R.: Melting of ice shelves and the mass balance of Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 38, 375–387, 1992. a
Janout, M. A., Hellmer, H. H., Schröder, M., and Wisotzki, A.: Physical oceanography during POLARSTERN cruise PS111 (ANT-XXXIII/2), PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.897280, 2019. a
Janout, M. A., Hellmer, H. H., Hattermann, T., Huhn, O., Sültenfuss, J., Østerhus, S., Stulic, L., Ryan, S., Schröder, M., and Kanzow, T.: FRIS Revisited in 2018: On the Circulation and Water Masses at the Filchner and Ronne Ice Shelves in the Southern Weddell Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 126, e2021JC017269, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017269, 2021. a, b, c
Joughin, I., Alley, R. B., and Holland, D. M.: Ice-sheet response to oceanic forcing, Science, 338, 1172–1176, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1226481, 2012. a
Jourdain, N. C., Asay-Davis, X., Hattermann, T., Straneo, F., Seroussi, H., Little, C. M., and Nowicki, S.: A protocol for calculating basal melt rates in the ISMIP6 Antarctic ice sheet projections, The Cryosphere, 14, 3111–3134, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3111-2020, 2020. a
Klatt, O., Boebel, O., and Fahrbach, E.: A profiling float's sense of ice, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 24, 1301–1308, 2007. a
Labrousse, S., Ryan, S., Roquet, F., Picard, B., McMahon, C., Harcourt, R., Hindell, M., Le Goff, H., Lourenço, A., David, Y., Sallée, J. B., and Charrassin, J.-B.: Weddell seal behaviour during an exceptional oceanographic event in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf in 2017, Antarct. Sci., 33, 252–264, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102021000092, 2021. a, b
Lago, V. and England, M. H.: Projected slowdown of Antarctic Bottom Water formation in response to amplified meltwater contributions, J. Climate, 32, 6319–6335, 2019. a
McDougall, T. J. and Barker, P. M.: Getting started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) oceanographic toolbox, SCOR/IAPSO WG, 127, 1–28, 2011. a
Meredith, M. P., Schofield, O., Newman, L., Urban, E., and Sparrow, M.: The vision for a southern ocean observing system, Curr. Opin. Env. Sust., 5, 306–313, 2013. a
Moorman, R., Morrison, A. K., and Hogg, A. M.: Thermal responses to Antarctic ice shelf melt in an eddy rich global ocean–sea-ice model, J. Climate, 33, 6599–6620, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0846.1, 2020. a
Nicholls, K., Boehme, L., Biuw, M., and Fedak, M. A.: Wintertime ocean conditions over the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035742, 2008. a, b
Paolo, F. S., Fricker, H. A., and Padman, L.: Volume loss from Antarctic ice shelves is accelerating, Science, 348, 327–331, 2015. a
Porter, D. F., Springer, S. R., Padman, L., Fricker, H. A., Tinto, K. J., Riser, S. C., Bell, R. E., and the ROSETTA-Ice Team: Evolution of the seasonal surface mixed layer of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, observed with autonomous profiling floats, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 124, 4934–4953, 2019. a
Reese, R., Gudmundsson, G. H., Levermann, A., and Winkelmann, R.: The far reach of ice-shelf thinning in Antarctica, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 53–57, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0020-x, 2018. a
Rossby, T. and Webb, D.: Observing abyssal motions by tracking Swallow floats in the SOFAR channel, Deep-Sea Res., 17, 359–365, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(70)90027-6, 1970. a
Rossby, T., Ellis, J., and Webb, D.: An efficient sound source for wide-area RAFOS navigation, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 10, 397–403, 1993. a
Ryan, S., Schröder, M., Huhn, O., and Timmermann, R.: On the warm inflow at the eastern boundary of the Weddell Gyre, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 107, 70–81, 2016. a
Sallée, J.-B.: Hydrological and current data for the Southern Weddell Sea, collected as part of the WAPITI oceanographic survey (JR16004), Seanoe, https://doi.org/10.17882/54012, 2018. a
Sallée, J.-B.: Dataset of the paper: “Subsurface floats in the Filchner Trough provide first direct under-ice tracks of eddies and circulation on shelf”, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10353500, 2023. a
Schmidtko, S., Heywood, K. J., Thompson, A. F., and Aoki, S.: Multidecadal warming of Antarctic waters, Science, 346, 1227–1231, 2014. a
Schröder, M.: The Expedition PS111 of the Research Vessel POLARSTERN to the southern Weddell Sea in 2018, Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung: Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 718, 161 pp., https://doi.org/10.2312/BzPM_0718_2018, 2018. a
Schröder, M. and Ryan, S. W. A.: Physical oceanography during POLARSTERN cruise PS96 (ANT-XXXI/2 FROSN), PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.859040, 2016. a
Siegelman, L., Roquet, F., Mensah, V., Rivière, P., Pauthenet, É., Picard, B., and Guinet, C.: Correction and accuracy of high-and low-resolution CTD data from animal-borne instruments, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 36, 745–760, 2019. a
Silvano, A., Rintoul, S., and Herraiz-Borreguero, L.: Ocean-Ice Shelf Interaction in East Antarctica, Oceanography, 29, 130–143, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186300003667, 2016. a
Silvano, A., Rintoul, S. R., Kusahara, K., Peña-Molino, B., van Wijk, E., Gwyther, D. E., and Williams, G. D.: Seasonality of warm water intrusions onto the continental shelf near the Totten Glacier, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 124, 4272–4289, 2019. a
Vernet, M., Geibert, W., Hoppema, M., Brown, P. J., Haas, C., Hellmer, H. H., Jokat, W., Jullion, L., Mazloff, M., Bakker, D. C. E., Brearley, J. A., Croot, P., Hattermann, T., Hauck, J., Hillenbrand, C.-D., Hoppe, C. J. M., Huhn, O., Koch, B. P., Lechtenfeld, O. J., Meredith, M. P., Naveira Garabato, A. C., Nöthig, E.-M., Peeken, I., Rutgers van der Loeff, M. M., Schmidtko, S., Schröder, M., Strass, V. H., Torres-Valdés, S., and Verdy, A.: The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: present knowledge and future challenges, Rev. Geophys., 57, 623–708, 2019. a
Zhou, S., Meijers, A. J. S., Meredith, M. P., Abrahamsen, E. P., Holland, P. R., Silvano, A., Sallée, J.-B., and Østerhus, S.: Slowdown of Antarctic Bottom Water export driven by climatic wind and sea-ice changes, Nat. Clim. Change, 13, 701–709, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01695-4, 2023. a
Short summary
In the Weddell Sea, we investigated how warm deep currents and cold waters containing freshwater released from the Antarctic are connected. We used autonomous observation devices that have never been used in this region previously and that allow us to track the movement and characteristics of water masses under the sea ice. Our findings show a dynamic interaction between warm masses, providing key insights to understand climate-related changes in the region.
In the Weddell Sea, we investigated how warm deep currents and cold waters containing freshwater...
