Articles | Volume 18, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-857-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-857-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Quasi-steady circulation regimes in the Baltic Sea
Taavi Liblik
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Germo Väli
Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Jaan Laanemets
Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Madis-Jaak Lilover
Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Urmas Lips
Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Submesoscale dynamics in the Baltic Sea – a review U. Lips et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103746
- sciCUN: A deep learning model for daily sea surface current fields inference—A case study of the Gulf of Riga A. Barzandeh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102693
- Anoxic water upwelling event in the central Baltic Sea T. Liblik https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2026.105323
- Modeling the pathways of microplastics in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea – sensitivity of parametrizations E. Siht et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-024-01649-0
- Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO2 and CH4 in the north-eastern Baltic Sea S. Lainela et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4495-2024
- Upwelling characteristics in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea): multiple data source approach M. Skudra et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1244643
- Recent stagnation period and unprecedented deoxygenation in the Baltic Sea: causes and consequences T. Liblik et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1638978
- Forcing-dependent submesoscale variability and subduction in a coastal sea area (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea) K. Salm et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2555-2025
- Submesoscale processes in the surface layer of the central Baltic Sea: A high-resolution modelling study G. Väli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.002
- Application of a small AUV for mapping water column properties in the Baltic Sea T. Liblik & F. Buschmann https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1743589
- Submesoscale variability in a mesoscale front captured by a glider mission in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea K. Salm et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.984246
- Water exchange in the Baltic Sea: a historical view of research approaches from basin scales to submesoscale J. Elken & A. Omstedt https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1598983
- Changing impact of large-scale atmospheric circulation variability on the water mass exchange and circulation of the Baltic Sea during winters 1950–2022 A. Lehmann & P. Post https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemets.2025.100018
- High-resolution characterization of the development and decay of seasonal hypoxia in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea T. Liblik et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1119515
- Quantification of Baltic sea water budget components using dynamic topography V. Jahanmard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-913-2025
- Mapping microplastic pathways and accumulation zones in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea – insights from modeling A. Mishra et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1524585
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Submesoscale dynamics in the Baltic Sea – a review U. Lips et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103746
- sciCUN: A deep learning model for daily sea surface current fields inference—A case study of the Gulf of Riga A. Barzandeh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102693
- Anoxic water upwelling event in the central Baltic Sea T. Liblik https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2026.105323
- Modeling the pathways of microplastics in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea – sensitivity of parametrizations E. Siht et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-024-01649-0
- Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO2 and CH4 in the north-eastern Baltic Sea S. Lainela et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4495-2024
- Upwelling characteristics in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea): multiple data source approach M. Skudra et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1244643
- Recent stagnation period and unprecedented deoxygenation in the Baltic Sea: causes and consequences T. Liblik et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1638978
- Forcing-dependent submesoscale variability and subduction in a coastal sea area (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea) K. Salm et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2555-2025
- Submesoscale processes in the surface layer of the central Baltic Sea: A high-resolution modelling study G. Väli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2023.11.002
- Application of a small AUV for mapping water column properties in the Baltic Sea T. Liblik & F. Buschmann https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1743589
- Submesoscale variability in a mesoscale front captured by a glider mission in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea K. Salm et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.984246
- Water exchange in the Baltic Sea: a historical view of research approaches from basin scales to submesoscale J. Elken & A. Omstedt https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1598983
- Changing impact of large-scale atmospheric circulation variability on the water mass exchange and circulation of the Baltic Sea during winters 1950–2022 A. Lehmann & P. Post https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemets.2025.100018
- High-resolution characterization of the development and decay of seasonal hypoxia in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea T. Liblik et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1119515
- Quantification of Baltic sea water budget components using dynamic topography V. Jahanmard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-913-2025
- Mapping microplastic pathways and accumulation zones in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea – insights from modeling A. Mishra et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1524585
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Aug 2026
Short summary
An extensive measurement campaign and numerical simulations were conducted in the central Baltic Sea. The persistent circulation patterns were detected in steady weather conditions. The patterns included various circulation features. A coastal boundary current was observed along the eastern coast. The deep layer current towards the north was detected as well. This current is an important deeper limb of the overturning circulation of the Baltic Sea. The circulation regime has an annual cycle.
An extensive measurement campaign and numerical simulations were conducted in the central Baltic...