Articles | Volume 17, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1677-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1677-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Progress in understanding of Indian Ocean circulation, variability, air–sea exchange, and impacts on biogeochemistry
Helen E. Phillips
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania,
Hobart, 7005, Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and
Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7005, Australia
Amit Tandon
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering,
University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, 02747, USA
Ryo Furue
APL/JAMSTEC, Yokohama, 236-0001, Japan
Raleigh Hood
Horn Point
Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, 21613, USA
Caroline C. Ummenhofer
Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Woods Hole, 02543, USA
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South
Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
Jessica A. Benthuysen
Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research
Centre, Crawley, 6009, Australia
Viviane Menezes
Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Woods Hole, 02543, USA
Shijian Hu
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
Ben Webber
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich,
NR4 7TJ, UK
Alejandra Sanchez-Franks
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO 15 UK
Deepak Cherian
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, 80305, USA
Emily Shroyer
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, 97331, USA
Ming Feng
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre,
Crawley, 6009, Australia
Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research, Hobart, 7004, Australia
Hemantha Wijesekera
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, 39529, USA
Abhisek Chatterjee
Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of
Earth Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Woods Hole, 02543, USA
Juliet Hermes
South African Environmental Observation Network, Cape Town, South
Africa
Raghu Murtugudde
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of
Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA
Tomoki Tozuka
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of
Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
APL/JAMSTEC, Yokohama, 236-0001, Japan
Danielle Su
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR
7159 LOCEAN-IPSL, Paris, France
Arvind Singh
Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
Luca Centurioni
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
Satya Prakash
Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Ministry of
Earth Sciences, Hyderabad, India
deceased, 22 July 2021
Jerry Wiggert
Marine Science Department, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, 399406, USA
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96 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Depth-dependent microbial metagenomes sampled in the northeastern Indian Ocean X. Wang et al.
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- Future climate change in the Northern Indian Ocean as simulated with a high-resolution regional earth system model D. Sein et al.
- Understanding environmental drivers and trends in chlorophyll-a and related factors across equatorial Indian Ocean regions: implications for marine ecosystem dynamics and vulnerability Y. Singh et al.
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- Trend of annual and semiannual harmonics of sea surface temperature in the tropical Indian Ocean, 1979–2018 V. Abhishek et al.
- Interannual variability of red sea overflow water pathways in the Western Arabian Sea in an eddy rich reanalysis V. Menezes
- Quantifying the Contribution of Salinity Effect to the Seasonal Variability of the Makassar Strait Throughflow X. Lu et al.
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- Characterizing the stable oxygen isotopic composition of the southeast Indian Ocean R. Glaubke et al.
- Subsurface manifestation of marine heat waves in the southwestern Indian Ocean C. Welch et al.
- Vertical structure of oceanographic parameters in the Eastern Andaman Sea: A model study M. Raafi et al.
- Evaluation of the near-surface wind products from reanalyses over the North-Western Indian Ocean A. Varghese et al.
- Intercomparison of tropical Indian Ocean circulation in ocean reanalysis and evaluation in CMIP6 climate models P. Bhanu Deepika et al.
- Using a deep-learning approach to infer and forecast the Indonesian Throughflow transport from sea surface height L. Xin et al.
- Indonesian Throughflow, spatial–temporal variability, and its relationship to ENSO events in the Lombok Strait M. Lubis et al.
- Mechanisms of tropical Indian Ocean circulation biases in CESM historical experiments M. Soumya et al.
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- Imminent rapid decline of the Indonesian Throughflow after reaching a turning point of CO2 concentration S. Hu et al.
- Sub‐centennial upper water column structure variability of the tropical Indian Ocean since the Last Glacial Maximum S. Rai et al.
- Skill comparisons and physical drivers of multi-decadal rapid warming of Indian Ocean in CMIP6 models Z. Zhang et al.
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- Seasonal Variability in Chlorophyll and Air-Sea CO2 Flux in the Sri Lanka Dome: Hydrodynamic Implications W. Ma et al.
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- Seasonality and potential generation mechanisms of submesoscale processes in the northern Bay of Bengal Y. Zhou et al.
- Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the Subtropical South Indian Ocean Sea Surface Salinity Maximum F. Bingham et al.
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- Diversity of lanternfish (Myctophidae) larvae along the Ninety East Ridge, Indian Ocean Q. Wu et al.
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- Remineralisation signals in the western South Indian Ocean thermocline: diagnosing local biogeochemical processes from nutrient stoichiometry T. Marshall et al.
- Origin and propagation of M2 internal tides in the Arabian Sea H. Zheng et al.
- Intensified surface chlorophyll responses to the Indian Ocean Dipole under greenhouse warming G. Pathirana et al.
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- Phytoplankton carbon biomass: Insights from the eastern Indian Ocean S. Guo et al.
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- Indian Ocean dynamic sea level, its variability and projections in CMIP6 models C. Sajidh & A. Chatterjee
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- Monsoonal influence on floating marine litter pathways in the Bay of Bengal L. Harrison et al.
- Contrasting evolution of the Arabian Sea and Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zones during the Miocene A. Hess et al.
- Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Indian Ocean on Drought Conditions over India during ENSO and IOD Events V. Kumar et al.
- On mode water formation and erosion in the Arabian Sea: forcing mechanisms, regionality, and seasonality E. Font et al.
- Phytoplankton dynamics as a response to physical events in the oligotrophic Eastern Indian Ocean S. Jiang et al.
- Watermass characteristics and circulation near 110°E in the southeast Indian Ocean H. Phillips et al.
- Coupling of the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean with Indonesian Throughflow and its impact on climatic conditions and productivity during the Early Pliocene K. BARUAH et al.
- Occurrence, spatial distribution, potential sources, and risk assessment of common antibiotics in surface seawater of the Northeastern Indian Ocean J. Wang et al.
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- Surface ocean-lower atmospheric processes in the Indian Ocean: Current understanding, knowledge gaps, and future directions A. Kumar et al.
- Decadal variability and forcing mechanisms of the tropical Indian Ocean wind-driven circulation G. Srinivas et al.
96 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Depth-dependent microbial metagenomes sampled in the northeastern Indian Ocean X. Wang et al.
- Either IOD leading or ENSO leading triggers extreme thermohaline events in the central tropical Indian Ocean J. Liu et al.
- Future climate change in the Northern Indian Ocean as simulated with a high-resolution regional earth system model D. Sein et al.
- Understanding environmental drivers and trends in chlorophyll-a and related factors across equatorial Indian Ocean regions: implications for marine ecosystem dynamics and vulnerability Y. Singh et al.
- eDNA metabarcoding shows latitudinal eukaryote micro- and mesoplankton diversity stabilizes across oligotrophic region of a >3000 km longitudinal transect in the Indian Ocean R. O'Rorke et al.
- Trend of annual and semiannual harmonics of sea surface temperature in the tropical Indian Ocean, 1979–2018 V. Abhishek et al.
- Interannual variability of red sea overflow water pathways in the Western Arabian Sea in an eddy rich reanalysis V. Menezes
- Quantifying the Contribution of Salinity Effect to the Seasonal Variability of the Makassar Strait Throughflow X. Lu et al.
- Connecting subtropical salinity maxima to tropical salinity minima: Synchronization between ocean dynamics and the water cycle L. Yu
- Biogeochemical float deployment strategy in the Southwestern Indian ocean W. Riom et al.
- Biogeographic patterns and community assembly mechanisms of bacterial community in the upper seawater of seamounts and non-seamounts in the Eastern Indian Ocean Y. Jiao et al.
- Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of microplastics in oceanic food webs V. Nikhil et al.
- Characterizing the stable oxygen isotopic composition of the southeast Indian Ocean R. Glaubke et al.
- Subsurface manifestation of marine heat waves in the southwestern Indian Ocean C. Welch et al.
- Vertical structure of oceanographic parameters in the Eastern Andaman Sea: A model study M. Raafi et al.
- Evaluation of the near-surface wind products from reanalyses over the North-Western Indian Ocean A. Varghese et al.
- Intercomparison of tropical Indian Ocean circulation in ocean reanalysis and evaluation in CMIP6 climate models P. Bhanu Deepika et al.
- Using a deep-learning approach to infer and forecast the Indonesian Throughflow transport from sea surface height L. Xin et al.
- Indonesian Throughflow, spatial–temporal variability, and its relationship to ENSO events in the Lombok Strait M. Lubis et al.
- Mechanisms of tropical Indian Ocean circulation biases in CESM historical experiments M. Soumya et al.
- Genomic differentiation and interoceanic population structure of two large pelagic scombrid species P. Weist et al.
- Imminent rapid decline of the Indonesian Throughflow after reaching a turning point of CO2 concentration S. Hu et al.
- Sub‐centennial upper water column structure variability of the tropical Indian Ocean since the Last Glacial Maximum S. Rai et al.
- Skill comparisons and physical drivers of multi-decadal rapid warming of Indian Ocean in CMIP6 models Z. Zhang et al.
- Coastal Hypoxia in the Indian Ocean: Unraveling Drivers of Spatio‐Temporal Variability F. Yang et al.
- Biases and improvements of the boreal winter–spring equatorial undercurrent in the Indian Ocean in the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models J. Li et al.
- Unique ocean circulation pathways reshape the Indian Ocean oxygen minimum zone with warming S. Ditkovsky et al.
- Picophytoplankton biogeography, community structure, and carbon biomass in the Eastern Indian Ocean during the spring inter-monsoon season G. Chaudhari et al.
- Trends of Changes in Salinity in the Indian Ocean and Adjacent Areas of the Southern Ocean in 2005–2023 in Conditions of Strengthening the Hydrological Cycle I. Rostov & E. Dmitrieva
- Massive SST-front anomaly in the tip of Sumatra waters triggered by extreme positive IOD 2019 event A. Bahiyah et al.
- Seasonal Variability in Chlorophyll and Air-Sea CO2 Flux in the Sri Lanka Dome: Hydrodynamic Implications W. Ma et al.
- Sensitivity of South Asian Summer Monsoon rainfall to Bay of Bengal Sea Surface Temperature over the past 31 kiloyears T. Sakthivel et al.
- Analyzing upper ocean variability of the Chlorofluorocarbons in the Indian Ocean using regional high-resolution ocean biogeochemical modeling A. Singh et al.
- An Updated Estimate of the Indonesian Throughflow Geostrophic Transport: Interannual Variability and Salinity Effect Y. Guo et al.
- Assessment of thermocline depth bias in the Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge of the Southwestern Indian Ocean simulated by the CMIP6 models S. Mubarrok et al.
- Strong subsurface meridional current forced by monsoon intraseasonal oscillation in the southern Bay of Bengal during summer 2020 R. Ding et al.
- Seasonality and potential generation mechanisms of submesoscale processes in the northern Bay of Bengal Y. Zhou et al.
- Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the Subtropical South Indian Ocean Sea Surface Salinity Maximum F. Bingham et al.
- A Seasonal Undercurrent Along the Northwest Coast of Australia R. Furue
- Hydro-Oceanographic Controls on Water Quality and Artificial Reef Sustainability in a Data-Limited Tropical Coastal System A. Isdianto et al.
- Atmospheric gas-phase composition over the Indian Ocean S. Tegtmeier et al.
- CMIP6 model evaluation for sea surface height responses to ENSO D. Sardana et al.
- Rising Trends in Winter Phytoplankton Blooms in the Northern Arabian Sea Over the Last Two Decades: Drivers and Implications Z. Song et al.
- Seasonality of rainfall in the Lake Victoria Basin is controlled by the large-scale circulation K. Cook et al.
- Significant Inverse Influence of Tropical Indian Ocean SST on SIF of Indian Vegetation during the Summer Monsoon Onset Phase R. Varghese et al.
- Seasonal sea surface temperature variability in the northwestern Indian ocean H. Pan et al.
- Antarctica Slope Front bifurcation eddy: A stationary feature influencing CO2 dynamics in the northern Antarctic Peninsula B. Yuri Damini et al.
- Monthly variability of wind-induced upwelling and its impact on chlorophyll-a distribution in the Southern and Northern parts of the Indonesian Archipelago G. Napitupulu
- Perfluorinated alkyl acids in surface and deep water from the Western Indian Ocean: A comparison with global data K. Hope et al.
- Climate Change Impacts on the Seasonal Variation of Hydro-Physical Characteristics in the Persian Gulf A. Azarnivand et al.
- Surface Current Observations in the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean Using Drifters P. Siji & C. Pattiaratchi
- The First Report of the Deep-Sea Oceanic Octopus Amphitretus pelagicus Hoyle, 1885 from the Exclusive Economic Zone of India P. Sarlin et al.
- How the interannual and seasonal variability in connectivity to ITF and its relation to ENSO events in the Halmahera Sea: A modeling approach and observation M. Lubis et al.
- Dissolved PAHs impacted by air-sea interactions: Net volatilization and strong surface current transport in the Eastern Indian Ocean M. Liu et al.
- Elevated shallow water salinity in the deglacial Indian Ocean was sourced from the deep R. Glaubke et al.
- Role of Oceanic Internal Instability in the Generation of Low‐Frequency Variability in the Indian Ocean S. Anjana et al.
- Impacts of climate change on the South Asian monsoon: A comprehensive review of its variability and future projections A. Fiaz et al.
- Indian Ocean carbonate compensation depth since the Late Oligocene F. Dalvand et al.
- Hydrographic Responses to Indian Ocean Dipole Events in a Semi-Enclosed Tropical Bay: a Case Study from Lampung Bay, Indonesia A. Yuliardi et al.
- A high-resolution physical-biogeochemical model for marine resource applications in the Northern Indian Ocean (MOM6-COBALT-IND12 v1.0) E. Liao et al.
- Unraveling the declining Indian ocean primary productivity and key drivers S. Maishal
- Deep-sea ecosystems of the Indian Ocean >1000 m E. Thomas et al.
- LONG-TERM DECLINE IN PICOPHYTOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE AND CARBON BIOMASS IN THE ARABIAN SEA: EVIDENCE FROM 1995 AND 2019 S. Nazirahmed et al.
- Zonal current structure of the Indian Ocean in CMIP6 models J. Zhang & C. Wang
- Diversity of lanternfish (Myctophidae) larvae along the Ninety East Ridge, Indian Ocean Q. Wu et al.
- Eddy‐Freshwater Interaction Using Regional Ocean Modeling System in the Bay of Bengal N. Paul et al.
- Assessing the Impact of the South Indian Ocean High‐Pressure System Using a Novel Index K. Quagraine et al.
- Modeling Indian Ocean circulation to study marine debris dispersion: insights into high-resolution and wave forcing effects with Symphonie 3.6.6 L. Weiss et al.
- A seasonal circulation index for the ocean and its application to the South China Sea Q. Li et al.
- High prokaryotic diversity in the oxygen minimum zone of the Bay of Bengal: implications for nutrient cycling S. Nazirahmed et al.
- The joint effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation on tropical Indian Ocean heat flux during boreal winter Y. Chen et al.
- Marine heatwaves in the Arabian Sea A. Chatterjee et al.
- Remineralisation signals in the western South Indian Ocean thermocline: diagnosing local biogeochemical processes from nutrient stoichiometry T. Marshall et al.
- Origin and propagation of M2 internal tides in the Arabian Sea H. Zheng et al.
- Intensified surface chlorophyll responses to the Indian Ocean Dipole under greenhouse warming G. Pathirana et al.
- Drivers and impacts of Eastern African rainfall variability P. Palmer et al.
- Influence of the 2023 Indian Ocean Dipole on the delayed occurrence of the autumn Wyrtki Jet G. Han et al.
- Phytoplankton carbon biomass: Insights from the eastern Indian Ocean S. Guo et al.
- Impact of bathymetry on Indian Ocean circulation in a nested regional ocean model R. Rahman & H. Rahaman
- Microplastics in coral from three Mascarene Islands, Western Indian Ocean M. Hamman et al.
- Variability of the South Java Current from 1993 to 2021, and its relationship to ENSO and IOD events Y. Wijaya et al.
- Differences in subsurface marine heatwave characteristics at two tropical South West Indian Ocean islands: influence of the south equatorial countercurrent and eddy activity D. Mawren et al.
- Indian Ocean dynamic sea level, its variability and projections in CMIP6 models C. Sajidh & A. Chatterjee
- Impact of wind forcing in a nested Indian Ocean regional model R. Rahman & H. Rahaman
- Monsoonal influence on floating marine litter pathways in the Bay of Bengal L. Harrison et al.
- Contrasting evolution of the Arabian Sea and Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zones during the Miocene A. Hess et al.
- Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Indian Ocean on Drought Conditions over India during ENSO and IOD Events V. Kumar et al.
- On mode water formation and erosion in the Arabian Sea: forcing mechanisms, regionality, and seasonality E. Font et al.
- Phytoplankton dynamics as a response to physical events in the oligotrophic Eastern Indian Ocean S. Jiang et al.
- Watermass characteristics and circulation near 110°E in the southeast Indian Ocean H. Phillips et al.
- Coupling of the Central Equatorial Indian Ocean with Indonesian Throughflow and its impact on climatic conditions and productivity during the Early Pliocene K. BARUAH et al.
- Occurrence, spatial distribution, potential sources, and risk assessment of common antibiotics in surface seawater of the Northeastern Indian Ocean J. Wang et al.
- Analysis of environmental data during a lagrangian experiment: The influence of vertical movements P. Romero Fernández et al.
- Diazotrophy in the Indian Ocean: Current understanding and future perspectives S. Chowdhury et al.
- Surface ocean-lower atmospheric processes in the Indian Ocean: Current understanding, knowledge gaps, and future directions A. Kumar et al.
- Decadal variability and forcing mechanisms of the tropical Indian Ocean wind-driven circulation G. Srinivas et al.
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Short summary
Over the past decade, understanding of the Indian Ocean has progressed through new observations and advances in theory and models of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation. This review brings together new understanding of the ocean–atmosphere system in the Indian Ocean, describing Indian Ocean circulation patterns, air–sea interactions, climate variability, and the critical role of the Indian Ocean as a clearing house for anthropogenic heat.
Over the past decade, understanding of the Indian Ocean has progressed through new observations...