Articles | Volume 14, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1349-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1349-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Heat, salt, and volume transports in the eastern Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean from 2 years of mooring observations
Andrey V. Pnyushkov
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
Igor V. Polyakov
International Arctic Research Center and College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
Robert Rember
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
Vladimir V. Ivanov
Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
Moscow State University, Geography department, Moscow, Russia
Matthew B. Alkire
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Igor M. Ashik
Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
Till M. Baumann
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
Genrikh V. Alekseev
Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
Arild Sundfjord
Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
Related authors
Andrey Pnyushkov, Igor V. Polyakov, Laurie Padman, and An T. Nguyen
Ocean Sci., 14, 1329–1347, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1329-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1329-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 4 years of velocity and hydrography records from moored profilers over the Laptev Sea slope reveal multiple events of eddies passing through the mooring site. These events suggest that the advection of mesoscale eddies is an important component of ocean dynamics in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Increased vertical shear of current velocities found within eddies produces enhanced diapycnal mixing, suggesting their importance for the redistribution of heat in the Arctic Ocean.
Matthew B. Alkire, Igor Polyakov, Robert Rember, Andrey Pnyushkov, Vladimir Ivanov, and Igor Ashik
Ocean Sci., 13, 983–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-983-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-983-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution measurements of temperature, salinity, and the stable oxygen isotope ratio of seawater were collected along the slopes of the Barents, Kara, and Laptev seas during late summer of 2013 and 2015. Two separate mixing regimes were identified that describe the initial and final stages of halocline water formation. The linear regressions defining the mixing regimes appear to be stable despite the dramatic environmental changes observed over the Arctic Ocean over the past two decades.
Naoya Kanna, Kazutaka Tateyama, Takuji Waseda, Anna Timofeeva, Maria Papadimitraki, Laura Whitmore, Hajime Obata, Daiki Nomura, Hiroshi Ogawa, Youhei Yamashita, and Igor Polyakov
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1834, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1834, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents data on iron and manganese, which are essential micronutrients for primary producers, on the surface of the Arctic’s Laptev and East Siberian Seas (LESS). Observations were made in international cooperation with the NABOS expedition during the late summer of 2021 in the Arctic Ocean. The results from this study indicate that the major factors controlling these metal concentrations in LESS are river discharge and the input of shelf sediment.
Qiang Wang, Qi Shu, Alexandra Bozec, Eric P. Chassignet, Pier Giuseppe Fogli, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Andy McC. Hogg, Doroteaciro Iovino, Andrew E. Kiss, Nikolay Koldunov, Julien Le Sommer, Yiwen Li, Pengfei Lin, Hailong Liu, Igor Polyakov, Patrick Scholz, Dmitry Sidorenko, Shizhu Wang, and Xiaobiao Xu
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 347–379, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing resolution improves model skills in simulating the Arctic Ocean, but other factors such as parameterizations and numerics are at least of the same importance for obtaining reliable simulations.
Øyvind Lundesgaard, Arild Sundfjord, Sigrid Lind, Frank Nilsen, and Angelika H. H. Renner
Ocean Sci., 18, 1389–1418, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, 2-year mooring observations show the evolution of temperature, salinity, and currents in the northern Barents Sea. Inflow of Atlantic Water from the north in autumn and winter was the main driver of the seasonal cycle in the ocean. Winds modulated the inflow on shorter timescales. The upper-ocean state reflected how much sea ice had previously melted in the area. The import of ocean water and sea ice from adjacent regions plays a key role in the complex air–ice–ocean interplay.
Pedro Duarte, Philipp Assmy, Karley Campbell, and Arild Sundfjord
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 841–857, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-841-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-841-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sea ice modeling is an important part of Earth system models (ESMs). The results of ESMs are used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in their reports. In this study we present an improvement to calculate the exchange of nutrients between the ocean and the sea ice. This nutrient exchange is an essential process to keep the ice-associated ecosystem functioning. We found out that previous calculation methods may underestimate the primary production of the ice-associated ecosystem.
H. Jakob Belter, Thomas Krumpen, Luisa von Albedyll, Tatiana A. Alekseeva, Gerit Birnbaum, Sergei V. Frolov, Stefan Hendricks, Andreas Herber, Igor Polyakov, Ian Raphael, Robert Ricker, Sergei S. Serovetnikov, Melinda Webster, and Christian Haas
The Cryosphere, 15, 2575–2591, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2575-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2575-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Summer sea ice thickness observations based on electromagnetic induction measurements north of Fram Strait show a 20 % reduction in mean and modal ice thickness from 2001–2020. The observed variability is caused by changes in drift speeds and consequential variations in sea ice age and number of freezing-degree days. Increased ocean heat fluxes measured upstream in the source regions of Arctic ice seem to precondition ice thickness, which is potentially still measurable more than a year later.
Andrey Pnyushkov, Igor V. Polyakov, Laurie Padman, and An T. Nguyen
Ocean Sci., 14, 1329–1347, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1329-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1329-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 4 years of velocity and hydrography records from moored profilers over the Laptev Sea slope reveal multiple events of eddies passing through the mooring site. These events suggest that the advection of mesoscale eddies is an important component of ocean dynamics in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Increased vertical shear of current velocities found within eddies produces enhanced diapycnal mixing, suggesting their importance for the redistribution of heat in the Arctic Ocean.
Achim Randelhoff and Arild Sundfjord
Ocean Sci., 14, 293–300, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-293-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-293-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The future of Arctic marine ecosystems has received increasing attention in recent years as the extent of the sea ice cover is dwindling. Regional differences in the hydrography, bathymetry and atmospheric forcing of nutrient fluxes essential for phytoplankton growth mean that wind-driven mixing, advection and upwelling will influence the polar ecosystem in differing magnitudes in different regions of the Arctic Ocean, with particular effects likely being restricted to very specific areas.
Matthew B. Alkire, Igor Polyakov, Robert Rember, Andrey Pnyushkov, Vladimir Ivanov, and Igor Ashik
Ocean Sci., 13, 983–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-983-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-983-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution measurements of temperature, salinity, and the stable oxygen isotope ratio of seawater were collected along the slopes of the Barents, Kara, and Laptev seas during late summer of 2013 and 2015. Two separate mixing regimes were identified that describe the initial and final stages of halocline water formation. The linear regressions defining the mixing regimes appear to be stable despite the dramatic environmental changes observed over the Arctic Ocean over the past two decades.
I. A. Dmitrenko, S. A. Kirillov, N. Serra, N. V. Koldunov, V. V. Ivanov, U. Schauer, I. V. Polyakov, D. Barber, M. Janout, V. S. Lien, M. Makhotin, and Y. Aksenov
Ocean Sci., 10, 719–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-719-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-719-2014, 2014
D. Bauch, S. Torres-Valdes, I. Polyakov, A. Novikhin, I. Dmitrenko, J. McKay, and A. Mix
Ocean Sci., 10, 141–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-141-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-141-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Approach: In situ Observations | Depth range: Deep Ocean | Geographical range: Deep Seas: Arctic Ocean | Phenomena: Current Field
Structure and dynamics of mesoscale eddies over the Laptev Sea continental slope in the Arctic Ocean
Andrey Pnyushkov, Igor V. Polyakov, Laurie Padman, and An T. Nguyen
Ocean Sci., 14, 1329–1347, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1329-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1329-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 4 years of velocity and hydrography records from moored profilers over the Laptev Sea slope reveal multiple events of eddies passing through the mooring site. These events suggest that the advection of mesoscale eddies is an important component of ocean dynamics in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Increased vertical shear of current velocities found within eddies produces enhanced diapycnal mixing, suggesting their importance for the redistribution of heat in the Arctic Ocean.
Cited articles
Aagaard, K. and Greisman, P.: Toward new mass and heat budgets for the Arctic
Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3821–3827, 1975.
Aagaard, K., Coachman, L. K., and Carmack, E. C.: On the halocline of the Arctic
Ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 28, 529–545, 1981.
Aksenov, Y., Ivanov, V. V., Nurser, A. J. G., Bacon, S., Polyakov, I. V., Coward,
A. C., Naveira-Garabato, A. C., and Beszczynska-Moeller, A.: The Arctic
Circumpolar Boundary Current, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C09017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006637, 2011.
Alkire, M. B., Polyakov, I., Rember, R., Pnyushkov, A., Ivanov, V., and Ashik,
I.: Combining physical and geochemical methods to investigate lower halocline
water formation and modification along the Siberian continental slope, Ocean
Sci., 13, 983–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-983-2017, 2017.
Bauch, D., Dmitrenko, I. A., Kirillov, S. A., Wegner, C., Hölemann, J.,
Pivovarov, S., Timokhov, L. A., and Kassens, H.: Eurasian Arctic shelf
hydrography: Exchange and residence time of southern Laptev Sea waters, Cont.
Shelf Res., 29, 1815–1820, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.009, 2009.
Baumann, T. M., Polyakov, I. V., Pnyushkov, A. V., Rember, R., Ivanov, V. V.,
Alkire, M. B., Goszczko, I., and Carmack, E. C.: On the Seasonal Cycles Observed
at the Continental Slope of the Eastern Eurasian Basin of the Arctic, Ocean, J.
Phys. Oceangr., 48, 1451–1470, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-17-0163.1, 2018.
Beszczynska-Möller, A., Fahrbach, E., Schauer, U., and Hansen, E.:
Variability in Atlantic water temperature and transport at the entrance to the
Arctic Ocean, 1997–2010, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 69, 852–863, 2012.
Carmack, E., Polyakov, I., Padman, L., Fer, I., Hunke, E., Hutchings, J.,
Jackson, J., Kelley, D., Kwok, R., Layton, C., Melling, H., Perovich, D., Persson,
O., Ruddick, B., Timmermans, M.-L., Toole, J., Ross, T., Vavrus, S., and Winsor,
P.: Toward quantifying the increasing role of oceanic heat in sea ice loss in
the new Arctic, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2079–2105, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00177.1, 2015.
Carmack, E. C., Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Haine, T. W. N., Bacon, S., Bluhm, B. A.,
Lique, C., Melling, H., Polyakov, I. V., Straneo, F., Timmermans, M.-L., and
Williams, W. J.: Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources,
disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in
the Arctic and global oceans, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 121, 675–717, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003140, 2016.
Dmitrenko, I. A., Polyakov, I. V., Kirillov, S. A., Timokhov, L. A., Simmons,
H. L., Ivanov, V. V., and Walsh, D.: Seasonal variability of Atlantic water on
the continental slope of the Laptev Sea during 2002–2004, Earth Planet. Sc.
Lett., 244, 735–743, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.067, 2006.
Fahrbach, E., Meincke, J., Osterhus, S., Rohardt, G., Schauer, U., Tverberg,
V., and Verduin, J.: Direct measurements of volume transport through Fram Strait,
Polar Res., 20, 217–224, 2001.
Grinsted, A., Moore, J. C., and Jevrejeva, S.: Application of the cross wavelet
transform and wavelet coherence to geophysical time series, Nonlin. Processes
Geophys., 11, 561–566, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-11-561-2004, 2004.
Hattermann, T., Isachsen, P. E., von Appen, W.-J., Albretsen, J., and Sundfjord,
A.: Eddy-driven recirculation of Atlantic Water in Fram Strait, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 43, 3406–3414, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068323, 2016.
Ivanov, V., Alexeev, V. A., Koldunov, N. V., Repina, I., Sandø, A. B.,
Smedsrud, L. H., and Smirnov, A.: Arctic Ocean heat impact on regional ice
decay – a suggested positive, Feedback, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 46, 1437–1456,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-15-0144.1, 2016.
Johns, W. E., Baringer, M. O., Beal, L. M., Cunningham, S. A., Kanzow, T.,
Bryden, H. L., Hirschi, J. J., Marotzke, J., Meinen, C. S., Shaw, B., and
Curry, R.: Continuous, Array-Based Estimates of Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport
at 26.5∘ N, J. Climate, 24, 2429–2449, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3997.1, 2011.
Karcher, M., Kauker, F., Gerdes, R., Hunke, E., and Zhang, J.: On the dynamics
of Atlantic Water circulation in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C04S02,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003630, 2007.
Kirillov, S. A., Dmitrenko, I. A., Ivanov, V. V., Aksenov, E. O., Makhotin, M.
S., and de Quevas B. A.: The influence of atmospheric circulation on the
dynamics of the intermediate water layer in the eastern part of the St. Anna
Trough, Dokl. Earth Sci., 444, 630–633, 2012.
Koenig, Z., Provost, C., Sennéchael, N., Garric, G., and Gascard, J.-C.:
The Yermak Pass Branch: A major pathway for the Atlantic Water north of Svalbard?,
J. Geophys. Res., 122, 9332–9349, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013271, 2017.
Li, F., Lozier, M. S., and Johns, W. E.: Calculating the Meridional Volume,
Heat, and Freshwater Transports from an Observing System in the Subpolar North
Atlantic: Observing System Simulation Experiment, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 34,
1483–1500, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0247.1, 2017.
Lien, V. S. and Trofimov, A. G.: Formation of Barents Sea Branch Water in the
north-eastern Barents Sea, Polar Res., 32, 18905, https://doi.org/10.3402/polar.v32i0.18905, 2013.
Loeng, H., Ozhigin, V., and Ådlandsvik, B.: Water fluxes through the Barents
Sea, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 54, 310–317, 1997.
Morison, J., Kwok, R., Peralta-Ferriz, C., Alkire, M., Rigor, I., Andersen, R.,
and Steele, M.: Changing Arctic Ocean freshwater pathways, Nature, 481, 66–70,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10705, 2012.
Nguyen, A.T., Ocaña, V., Garg, V., Heimbach, P., Toole, J. M., Krishfield,
R. A., Lee, C. M., and Rainville, L.: On the benefit of current and future ALPS
data for improving Arctic coupled ocean-sea ice state estimation, Oceanography,
30, 69–73, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.223, 2017.
Nøst, O. A. and Isachsen, P. E.: The large-scale time-mean ocean circulation
in the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean estimated from simplified dynamics, J. Mar.
Res., 61, 175–210, 2003.
Nurser, A. J. G. and Bacon, S.: The Rossby radius in the Arctic Ocean, Ocean
Sci., 10, 967–975, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-967-2014, 2014.
Onarheim, I. H., Smedsrud, L. H.. Ingvaldsen, R. B., and Nilsen, F.: Loss of
sea ice during winter north of Svalbard, Tellus A, 66, 23933, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v66.23933, 2014.
Pedlosky, J.: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Springer-Verlag, New York, 710 pp., 1990.
Pérez-Hernández, M. D., Pickart, R. S., Pavlov, V., Våge, K.,
Ingvaldsen, R., Sundfjord, A., Renner, A. H., Torres, D. J., and Erofeeva, S.
Y.: The Atlantic Water boundary current north of Svalbard in late summer, J.
Geophys. Res., 122, 2269–2290, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012486, 2017.
Pfirman, S. L., Bauch, D., and Gammelsrød, T.: The northern Barents Sea:
water mass distribution and modification, in: The Polar Oceans and Their Role
in Shaping the Global Environment, Geophysical Monograph 85, edited by:
Johannessen, O. M., Muench, R. D., and Overland, J. E., American Geophysical
Union, Hoboken, NJ, 77–94, 1994.
Pnyushkov, A. V. and Polyakov, I. V.: Observations of tidally-induced currents
over the continental slope of the Laptev Sea, Arctic Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
42, 78–94, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-11-064.1, 2012.
Pnyushkov, A. V., Polyakov, I., Ivanov, V., and Kikuchi, T.: Structure of the Fram
Strait branch of the boundary current in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean,
Polar Sci., 7, 53–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2013.02.001, 2013.
Pnyushkov, A. V., Polyakov, I., Ivanov, V., Aksenov, Y., Coward, A., Janout,
M., and Rabe, B.: Structure and variability of the boundary current in the
Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 101, 80–97,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.03.001, 2015.
Pnyushkov, A. V., Polyakov, I. V., Padman, L., and Nguyen, A. T.: Structure and
dynamics of mesoscale eddies over the Laptev Sea continental slope in the
Arctic Ocean, Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2018-22, in review, 2018.
Polyakov, I. V.: CTD and Mooring Data from the Eastern Eurasian and Makarov
Basins, and Northern Laptev and East Siberian Seas from 2013–2015, Arctic Data
Center, arctic-data.7792.4, available at: https://arcticdata.io/catalog/#view/arctic-data.7792.4/
(last access: March 2018), 2016.
Polyakov, I. V., Timokhov, L. A., Dmitrenko, I., Ivanov, V. V., Simmons, H.,
Beszczynska-Möller, A., Dickson, R., Fahrbach, E., Fortier, L., Gascard,
J.-C., Hölemann, J., Holliday, N. P., Hansen, E., Mauritzen, C., Piechura,
J., Pickart, R., Schauer, U., Walczowski, W., and Steele, M.: Observational
program tracks Arctic Ocean transition to a warmer state, Eos Trans. Am.
Geophys. Union, 88, 398–399, 2007.
Polyakov, I. V., Alexeev, V. A., Belchansky, G. I., Dmitrenko, I. A., Ivanov,
V. V., Kirillov, S. A., Korablev, A. A., Steele, M., Timokhov, L. A., and
Yashayaev, I.: Arctic Ocean freshwater changes over the past 100 years and
their causes, J. Climate, 21, 364–384, 2008.
Polyakov, I. V., Pnyushkov, A. V., and Timokhov, L. A.: Warming of the
intermediate Atlantic Water of the Arctic Ocean in the 2000s, J. Climate, 25,
8362–8370, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00266.1, 2012.
Polyakov, I. V., Bhatt, U. S., Walsh, J. E., Abrahamsen, E. P., and Pnyushkov,
A. V.: Recent oceanic changes in the Arctic in the context of longer term
observation, Ecol. Appl., 23, 1745–1764, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0902.1, 2013.
Polyakov, I. V., Pnyushkov, A., Alkire, M., Ashik, I., Baumann, T., Carmack, E.,
Goszczko, I., Guthrie, J., Ivanov, V., Kanzow, T., Krishfield, R., Kwok, R.,
Sundfjord, A., Morison, J., Rember, R., and Yulin, A.: Greater role for Atlantic
inflows on sea-ice loss in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, Science, 356,
285–291, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai8204, 2017.
Randelhoff, A., Sundfjord, A., and Reigstad, M.: Seasonal variability and fluxes
of nitrate in the surface waters over the Arctic shelf slope, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
42, 3442–3449, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063655, 2015.
Renner, A. H. H., Sundfjord, A., Janout, M. A., Ingvaldsen, R., Beszczynska-Möller,
A., Pickart, R., and Pérez-Hernández, M.: Variability and redistribution
of heat in the Atlantic Water boundary current north of Svalbard, J. Geophys.
Res., 123, 6373–6391, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC013814, 2018.
Rudels, B., Jones, E. P., Anderson, L. G., and Kattner, G.: On the intermediate
depth waters of the Arctic Ocean, in: The Polar Oceans and their Role in Shaping
the Global Environment, edited by: Johannessen, O. M., Muench, R. D., and
Overland, J. E., Geophys. Monogr., 85, 33–46, 1994.
Rudels, B., Anderson, L. G., and Jones, E. P.: Formation and evolution of the
surface mixed layer and halocline of the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.,
101, 8807–8821, 1996.
Schauer, U. and Beszczynska-Möller, A.: Problems with estimation and
interpretation of oceanic heat transport: Conceptual remarks for the case of
Fram Strait in the Arctic Ocean, Ocean Sci., 5, 487–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-487-2009, 2009.
Schauer, U., Muench, R. D., Rudels, B., and Timokhov, L.: Impact of eastern
arctic shelf waters on the Nansen Basin intermediate layers, J. Geophys. Res.,
102, 3371–3382, 1997.
Schauer, U., Rudels, B., Jones, E. P., Anderson, L. G., Muench, R. D., Björk,
G., Swift, J. H., Ivanov, V., and Larsson, A.-M.: Confluence and redistribution
of Atlantic water in the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov basins, Ann. Geophys.,
20, 257–273, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-257-2002, 2002.
Schauer U., Fahrbach, E., Osterhus, S., and Rohardt, G.: Arctic warming through
the Fram Strait: Oceanic heat transport from 3 years of measurements, J. Geophys.
Res., 109, C06026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC001823, 2004.
Schauer, U., Beszczynska-Möller, A., Walczowski, W., Fahrbach, E., Piechura,
J., and Hansen, E.: Variation of flow through the Fram Strait to the Arctic
Ocean between 1997 and 2006, in: Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Fluxes, edited by:
Dickson, B., Meincke, J., and Rhines, P., Springer, Dordrecht, 65–85, 2008.
Simmons, A., Uppala, S., Dee, D., and Kobayashi, S.: ERA-Interim: New ECMWF
reanalysis products from 1989 onwards, ECMWF Newsletter, 110, 26–35, 2006.
Steele, M., Morley, R., and Ermold, W.: PHC: A global ocean hydrography with a
high quality Arctic Ocean, J. Climate, 14, 2079–2087, 2001.
Thurnherr, A. M., Goszczko, I., and Bahr, F.: Improving LADCP Velocity with
External Heading, Pitch, and Roll, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 34, 1713–1721,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0258.1, 2017.
Timmermans, M. L., Rainville, L., Thomas, L., and Proshutinsky, A.: Moored
observations of bottom-intensified motions in the deep Canada Basin, Arctic
Ocean, J. Mar. Res., 68, 625–641, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224010794657137, 2010.
Tsubouchi, T., Bacon, S., Naveira Garabato, A. C., Aksenov, Y., Laxon, S. W.,
Fahrbach, E., Beszczynska-Möller, A., Hansen, E., Lee, C. M., and Ingvaldsen,
R. B.: The Arctic Ocean in summer: A quasi-synoptic inverse estimate of boundary
fluxes and water mass transformation, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C01024,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007174, 2012.
Våge, K., Pickart, R. S., Pavlov, V., Lin, P., Torres, D. J., Ingvaldsen,
R., Sundfjord, A., and Proshutinsky, A.: The Atlantic Water boundary current in
the Nansen Basin: Transport and mechanisms of lateral exchange, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 121, 6946–6960, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011715, 2016.
Voinov, G. and Zakharchuk, E. A.: Large-scale variations of sea level in the
Laptev Sea, in: Land-Ocean Systems in the Siberian Arctic: Dynamics and History,
edited by: Kassens, H., Bauch, H. A., Dmitrenko, I., Eicken, H., and Hubberten,
H.-W., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 711 pp., 1999.
Woodgate, R. A., Aagaard, K., Muench, R. D., Gunn, J., Björk, G., Rudels,
B., Roach, A. T., and Schauer, U.: The Arctic Ocean boundary current along the
Eurasian slope and the adjacent Lomonosov Ridge: Water mass properties, transports
and transformations from moored instruments, Deep-Sea Res., 48, 1757–1792, 2001.
Woodgate, R. A., Aagaard, K., and Weingartner, T. J.: Interannual changes in
the Bering Strait fluxes of volume, heat and freshwater between 1991 and 2004,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15609, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026931, 2006.
Woodgate, R. A., Weingartner, T., and Lindsay, R.: The 2007 Bering Strait
oceanic heat flux and anomalous Arctic sea-ice retreat, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
37, L01602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041621, 2010.
Zakharchuk, E.: Anemobaric low-frequency waves in the Chukchi Sea, Russ. Meteorol.
Hydrol., 34, 56–67, 2009.
Short summary
This study describes along-slope volume, heat, and salt transports derived from observations collected between 2013 and 2015 in the eastern Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean using a cross-slope array of six moorings. Inferred transport estimates may have wide implications and should be considered when assessing high-latitude ocean dynamics.
This study describes along-slope volume, heat, and salt transports derived from observations...