Articles | Volume 13, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-411-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-411-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 May 2017
Research article |
| 15 May 2017
Coastal ocean acidification and increasing total alkalinity in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Lydia Kapsenberg
Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris
6, CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230
Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Samir Alliouane
Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris
6, CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230
Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Frédéric Gazeau
Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris
6, CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230
Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Laure Mousseau
Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris
6, CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230
Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris
6, CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230
Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations,
Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, 75007 Paris, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Li-Qing Jiang, Amanda Fay, Jens Daniel Müller, Lydia Keppler, Dustin Carroll, Siv K. Lauvset, Tim DeVries, Judith Hauck, Christian Rödenbeck, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Metzl, Andrea J. Fassbender, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Peter Landschützer, Rik Wanninkhof, Christopher Sabine, Simone R. Alin, Mario Hoppema, Are Olsen, Matthew P. Humphreys, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Nicole Besemer, Henry C. Bittig, Albert E. Boyd, Daniel Broullón, Wei-Jun Cai, Brendan R. Carter, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Frédéric Cyr, John E. Dore, Ian Enochs, Richard A. Feely, Hernan E. Garcia, Marion Gehlen, Lucas Gloege, Melchor González-Dávila, Nicolas Gruber, Yosuke Iida, Masao Ishii, Esther Kennedy, Alex Kozyr, Nico Lange, Claire Lo Monaco, Derek P. Manzello, Galen A. McKinley, Natalie M. Monacci, Xose A. Padin, Ana M. Palacio-Castro, Fiz F. Pérez, Alizée Roobaert, J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Jonathan Sharp, Adrienne Sutton, Jim Swift, Toste Tanhua, Maciej Telszewski, Jens Terhaar, Ruben van Hooidonk, Anton Velo, Andrew J. Watson, Angelicque E. White, Zelun Wu, Hyelim Yoo, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-255, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-255, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This review article provides an overview of 60 existing ocean carbonate chemistry data products, encompassing a broad range of types, including compilations of cruise datasets, gap-filled observational products, model simulations, and more. It is designed to help researchers identify and access the data products that best support their scientific objectives, thereby facilitating progress in understanding the ocean's changing carbonate chemistry.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, Bruno Bombled, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Steeve Comeau, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Pascale Cuet, Eva Ferreira, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Catherine Goyet, Emilie Grossteffan, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Coraline Leseurre, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Jean-François Ternon, Franck Touratier, Aline Tribollet, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1075–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1075-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1075-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a new synthesis of 67 000 total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2023 in the global ocean, coastal zones, and the Mediterranean Sea. We describe the data assemblage and associated quality control and discuss some potential uses of this dataset. The dataset is provided in a single format and includes the quality flag for each sample.
Anaïs Lebrun, Cale A. Miller, Marc Meynadier, Steeve Comeau, Pierre Urrutti, Samir Alliouane, Robert Schlegel, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Frédéric Gazeau
Biogeosciences, 21, 4605–4620, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We tested the effects of warming, low salinity, and low irradiance on Arctic kelps. We show that growth rates were similar across species and treatments. Alaria esculenta is adapted to low-light conditions. Saccharina latissima exhibited nitrogen limitation, suggesting coastal erosion and permafrost thawing could be beneficial. Laminaria digitata did not respond to the treatments. Gene expression of Hedophyllum nigripes and S. latissima indicated acclimation to the experimental treatments.
Yan Yang, Patrick Brockmann, Carolina Galdino, Uwe Schindler, and Frédéric Gazeau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3771–3780, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3771-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3771-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Studies investigating the effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms and communities have been steadily increasing. To facilitate data comparison, a data compilation hosted by the PANGAEA Data Publisher was initiated in 2008 and is updated on a regular basis. By November 2023, a total of 1501 datasets (~25 million data points) from 1554 papers have been archived. To filter and access relevant biological response data from this compilation, a user-friendly portal was launched in 2018.
Robert W. Schlegel, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Bernard Gentili, Simon Bélanger, Laura Castro de la Guardia, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Cale A. Miller, Mikael Sejr, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2773–2788, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fjords play a vital role in the Arctic ecosystems and human communities. It is therefore important to have as clear of an understanding of the processes within these systems as possible. While temperature and salinity tend to be well measured, light is usually not. The dataset described in this paper uses remotely sensed data from 2003 to 2022 to address this problem by providing high-spatial-resolution surface, water column, and seafloor light data for several well-studied Arctic fjords.
Sébastien Petton, Fabrice Pernet, Valérian Le Roy, Matthias Huber, Sophie Martin, Éric Macé, Yann Bozec, Stéphane Loisel, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Émilie Grossteffan, Michel Repecaud, Loïc Quemener, Michael Retho, Soazig Manac'h, Mathias Papin, Philippe Pineau, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Jonathan Deborde, Louis Costes, Pierre Polsenaere, Loïc Rigouin, Jérémy Benhamou, Laure Gouriou, Joséphine Lequeux, Nathalie Labourdette, Nicolas Savoye, Grégory Messiaen, Elodie Foucault, Vincent Ouisse, Marion Richard, Franck Lagarde, Florian Voron, Valentin Kempf, Sébastien Mas, Léa Giannecchini, Francesca Vidussi, Behzad Mostajir, Yann Leredde, Samir Alliouane, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Frédéric Gazeau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1667–1688, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1667-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research highlights the concerning impact of rising carbon dioxide levels on coastal areas. To better understand these changes, we've established an observation network in France. By deploying pH sensors and other monitoring equipment at key coastal sites, we're gaining valuable insights into how various factors, such as freshwater inputs, tides, temperature, and biological processes, influence ocean pH.
Cale A. Miller, Pierre Urrutti, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Steeve Comeau, Anaïs Lebrun, Samir Alliouane, Robert W. Schlegel, and Frédéric Gazeau
Biogeosciences, 21, 315–333, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes an experimental system that can replicate and manipulate environmental conditions in marine or aquatic systems. Here, we show how the temperature and salinity of seawater delivered from a fjord is manipulated to experimental tanks on land. By constantly monitoring temperature and salinity in each tank via a computer program, the system continuously adjusts automated flow valves to ensure the seawater in each tank matches the targeted experimental conditions.
Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, Claude Mignon, Samir Alliouane, David Antoine, Guillaume Bourdin, Jacqueline Boutin, Yann Bozec, Pascal Conan, Laurent Coppola, Frédéric Diaz, Eric Douville, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Frédéric Gazeau, Melek Golbol, Bruno Lansard, Dominique Lefèvre, Nathalie Lefèvre, Fabien Lombard, Férial Louanchi, Liliane Merlivat, Léa Olivier, Anne Petrenko, Sébastien Petton, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Christophe Rabouille, Gilles Reverdin, Céline Ridame, Aline Tribollet, Vincenzo Vellucci, Thibaut Wagener, and Cathy Wimart-Rousseau
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 89–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a synthesis of 44 000 total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon observations obtained between 1993 and 2022 in the Global Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea at the surface and in the water column. Seawater samples were measured using the same method and calibrated with international Certified Reference Material. We describe the data assemblage, quality control and some potential uses of this dataset.
Li-Qing Jiang, Adam V. Subhas, Daniela Basso, Katja Fennel, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
State Planet, 2-oae2023, 13, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-13-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-13-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides comprehensive guidelines for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) researchers on archiving their metadata and data. It includes data standards for various OAE studies and a universal metadata template. Controlled vocabularies for terms like alkalinization methods are included. These guidelines also apply to ocean acidification data.
Andreas Oschlies, Lennart T. Bach, Rosalind E. M. Rickaby, Terre Satterfield, Romany Webb, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
State Planet, 2-oae2023, 1, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reaching promised climate targets will require the deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Marine CDR options receive more and more interest. Based on idealized theoretical studies, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) appears as a promising marine CDR method. We provide an overview on the current situation of developing OAE as a marine CDR method and describe the history that has led to the creation of the OAE research best practice guide.
Robert W. Schlegel and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3733–3746, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3733-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3733-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A single dataset was created for investigations of changes in the socio-ecological systems within seven Arctic fjords by amalgamating roughly 1400 datasets from a number of sources. The many variables in these data were organised into five distinct categories and classified into 14 key drivers. Data for seawater temperature and salinity are available from the late 19th century, with some other drivers having data available from the 1950s and 1960s and the others starting from the 1990s onward.
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Samir Alliouane, and Philipp Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2809–2825, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic Ocean is subject to high rates of ocean warming and acidification, with critical implications for marine organisms, ecosystems and the services they provide. We report here on the first high-frequency (1 h), multi-year (5 years) dataset of the carbonate system at a coastal site in a high-Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). This site is a significant sink for CO2 every month of the year (9 to 17 mol m-2 yr-1). The saturation state of aragonite can be as low as 1.3.
Chloe Carbonne, Steeve Comeau, Phoebe T. W. Chan, Keyla Plichon, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Núria Teixidó
Biogeosciences, 19, 4767–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, our study highlights the synergistic effects of a 9-month warming and acidification combined stress on the early life stages of a Mediterranean azooxanthellate coral, Astroides calycularis. Our results predict a decrease in dispersion, settlement, post-settlement linear extention, budding and survival under future global change and that larvae and recruits of A. calycularis are stages of interest for this Mediterranean coral resistance, resilience and conservation.
Julie Dinasquet, Estelle Bigeard, Frédéric Gazeau, Farooq Azam, Cécile Guieu, Emilio Marañón, Céline Ridame, France Van Wambeke, Ingrid Obernosterer, and Anne-Claire Baudoux
Biogeosciences, 19, 1303–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1303-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1303-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Saharan dust deposition of nutrients and trace metals is crucial to microbes in the Mediterranean Sea. Here, we tested the response of microbial and viral communities to simulated dust deposition under present and future conditions of temperature and pH. Overall, the effect of the deposition was dependent on the initial microbial assemblage, and future conditions will intensify microbial responses. We observed effects on trophic interactions, cascading all the way down to viral processes.
Céline Ridame, Julie Dinasquet, Søren Hallstrøm, Estelle Bigeard, Lasse Riemann, France Van Wambeke, Matthieu Bressac, Elvira Pulido-Villena, Vincent Taillandier, Fréderic Gazeau, Antonio Tovar-Sanchez, Anne-Claire Baudoux, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 19, 415–435, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-415-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-415-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We show that in the Mediterranean Sea spatial variability in N2 fixation is related to the diazotrophic community composition reflecting different nutrient requirements among species. Nutrient supply by Saharan dust is of great importance to diazotrophs, as shown by the strong stimulation of N2 fixation after a simulated dust event under present and future climate conditions; the magnitude of stimulation depends on the degree of limitation related to the diazotrophic community composition.
Frédéric Gazeau, France Van Wambeke, Emilio Marañón, Maria Pérez-Lorenzo, Samir Alliouane, Christian Stolpe, Thierry Blasco, Nathalie Leblond, Birthe Zäncker, Anja Engel, Barbara Marie, Julie Dinasquet, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 5423–5446, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5423-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that the impact of dust deposition on primary production depends on the initial composition and metabolic state of the tested community and is constrained by the amount of nutrients added, to sustain both the fast response of heterotrophic prokaryotes and the delayed one of phytoplankton. Under future environmental conditions, heterotrophic metabolism will be more impacted than primary production, therefore reducing the capacity of surface waters to sequester anthropogenic CO2.
Frédéric Gazeau, Céline Ridame, France Van Wambeke, Samir Alliouane, Christian Stolpe, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Sophie Marro, Jean-Michel Grisoni, Guillaume De Liège, Sandra Nunige, Kahina Djaoudi, Elvira Pulido-Villena, Julie Dinasquet, Ingrid Obernosterer, Philippe Catala, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 5011–5034, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5011-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5011-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows that the impacts of Saharan dust deposition in different Mediterranean basins are as strong as those observed in coastal waters but differed substantially between the three tested stations, differences attributed to variable initial metabolic states. A stronger impact of warming and acidification on mineralization suggests a decreased capacity of Mediterranean surface communities to sequester CO2 following the deposition of atmospheric particles in the coming decades.
Matthieu Roy-Barman, Lorna Foliot, Eric Douville, Nathalie Leblond, Fréderic Gazeau, Matthieu Bressac, Thibaut Wagener, Céline Ridame, Karine Desboeufs, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 2663–2678, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2663-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2663-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The release of insoluble elements such as aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), rare earth elements (REEs), thorium (Th) and protactinium (Pa) when Saharan dust falls over the Mediterranean Sea was studied during tank experiments under present and future climate conditions. Each element exhibited different dissolution kinetics and dissolution fractions (always lower than a few percent). Changes in temperature and/or pH under greenhouse conditions lead to a lower Th release and a higher light REE release.
Phillip Williamson, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Steve Widdicombe, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Biogeosciences, 18, 1787–1792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1787-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1787-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The reliability of ocean acidification research was challenged in early 2020 when a high-profile paper failed to corroborate previously observed impacts of high CO2 on the behaviour of coral reef fish. We now know the reason why: the
replicatedstudies differed in many ways. Open-minded and collaborative assessment of all research results, both negative and positive, remains the best way to develop process-based understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms.
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Bernard Gentili, David Antoine, and David Doxaran
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1697–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1697-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1697-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Light is a key ocean variable shaping the composition of benthic and pelagic communities by controlling the three-dimensional distribution of primary producers. It also plays a major role in the global carbon cycle. We provide a continuous monthly data set of the global distribution of light reaching the seabed. It is 4 times longer (21 vs 5 years) than the previous data set, the spatial resolution is better (4.6 vs 9.3 km), and the bathymetric resolution is also better (0.46 vs 3.7 km).
Miguel Gómez Batista, Marc Metian, François Oberhänsli, Simon Pouil, Peter W. Swarzenski, Eric Tambutté, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Carlos M. Alonso Hernández, and Frédéric Gazeau
Biogeosciences, 17, 887–899, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-887-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-887-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we assessed four methods (total alkalinity anomaly, calcium anomaly, 45Ca incorporation, and 13C incorporation) to determine coral calcification of a reef-building coral. Under all conditions (light vs. dark incubations and ambient vs. lowered pH levels), calcification rates estimated using the alkalinity and calcium anomaly techniques as well as 45Ca incorporation were highly correlated, while significantly different results were obtained with the 13C incorporation technique.
Ella L. Howes, Karina Kaczmarek, Markus Raitzsch, Antje Mewes, Nienke Bijma, Ingo Horn, Sambuddha Misra, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Jelle Bijma
Biogeosciences, 14, 415–430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-415-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-415-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
To calculate the seawater carbonate system, proxies for 2 out of 7 parameters are required. The boron isotopic composition of foraminifera shells can be used as a proxy for pH and it has been suggested that B / Ca ratios may act as a proxy for carbonate ion concentration. However, differentiating between the effects of pH and [CO32−] is problematic, as they co-vary in natural systems. To deconvolve the effects, we conducted culture experiments with the planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa.
Merinda C. Nash, Sophie Martin, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Biogeosciences, 13, 5937–5945, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5937-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5937-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out a 1-year experiment on coralline algae to test how higher CO2 and temperature might change the mineral composition of the algal skeleton. We expected there to be a decline in magnesium with CO2 and an increase with temperature. We found that CO2 did not change the mineral composition, but higher temperature increased the amount of magnesium.
T. Erin Cox, Frédéric Gazeau, Samir Alliouane, Iris E. Hendriks, Paul Mahacek, Arnaud Le Fur, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Biogeosciences, 13, 2179–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2179-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2179-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) which increases the concentrations of CO2 and decreases pH in a process called ocean acidification. Because seagrass rely on carbon for photosynthesis they are expected to benefit under future ocean acidification. We manipulated pH in a Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadow. Seagrass traits, photosynthesis, and growth were not affected. Any benefit from ocean acidification over the next century on Posidonia physiology and growth may be minimal.
Y. Yang, L. Hansson, and J.-P. Gattuso
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 79–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-79-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-79-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The exponential growth of studies on the biological response to ocean acidification over the last few decades has generated a large amount of data. To facilitate data comparison, a data compilation was initiated in 2008 and is updated on a regular basis. By January 2015, a total of 581 data sets (over 4,000,000 data points) from 539 papers had been archived.
J. C. Orr, J.-M. Epitalon, and J.-P. Gattuso
Biogeosciences, 12, 1483–1510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1483-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1483-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Basic marine carbonate system variables such as pH are often computed from others. Such calculations are made with many public software packages, but their results have never been compared. A new study compares 10 of these packages, quantifying differences, isolating causes, and making recommendations to reduce future discrepancies. This comparison effort has led to more than a 10-fold reduction in differences between packages for some computed variables.
J.-P. Gattuso, W. Kirkwood, J. P. Barry, E. Cox, F. Gazeau, L. Hansson, I. Hendriks, D.I. Kline, P. Mahacek, S. Martin, P. McElhany, E. T. Peltzer, J. Reeve, D. Roberts, V. Saderne, K. Tait, S. Widdicombe, and P. G. Brewer
Biogeosciences, 11, 4057–4075, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4057-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4057-2014, 2014
C. Maier, F. Bils, M. G. Weinbauer, P. Watremez, M. A. Peck, and J.-P. Gattuso
Biogeosciences, 10, 5671–5680, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5671-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5671-2013, 2013
C. Motegi, T. Tanaka, J. Piontek, C. P. D. Brussaard, J.-P. Gattuso, and M. G. Weinbauer
Biogeosciences, 10, 3285–3296, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3285-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3285-2013, 2013
T. Tanaka, S. Alliouane, R. G. B. Bellerby, J. Czerny, A. de Kluijver, U. Riebesell, K. G. Schulz, A. Silyakova, and J.-P. Gattuso
Biogeosciences, 10, 315–325, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-315-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-315-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Álvarez, M., Sanleón-Bartolomé, H., Tanhua, T., Mintrop, L., Luchetta, A., Cantoni, C., Schroeder, K., and Civitarese, G.: The CO2 system in the Mediterranean Sea: a basin wide perspective, Ocean Sci., 10, 69–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-69-2014, 2014.
Aminot, A. and Kérouel, R.: Dosage automatique des nutriments dans les eaux marines: méthodes d'analyse en milieu marin, edited by: Aminot, A. and Kérouel, R., Ifremer, 188 pp., 2007.
Barbier, E. B., Hacker, S. D., Kennedy, C., Koch, E. W., Stier, A. C., and Silliman, B. R.: The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services, Ecol. Monogr., 81, 169–193, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1510.1, 2011.
Bates, N. R., Astor, Y. M., Church, M. J., Currie, K., Dore, J. E., González-Dávila, M., Lorenzoni, L., Muller-Karger, F., Olafsson, J., and Santana-Casiano, J. M.: A time-series view of changing ocean chemistry due to ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 and ocean acidification, Oceanography, 27, 126–141, 2014.
Borges, A. V. and Gypens, N.: Carbonate chemistry in the coastal zone responds more strongly to eutrophication than ocean acidification, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 346–353, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0346, 2010.
Bresnahan, P. J., Martz, T. R., Takeshita, Y., Johnson, K. S., and LaShomb, M.: Best practices for autonomous measurement of seawater pH with the Honeywell Durafet, Methods Oceangr., 9, 44–60, 2014.
Cai, W.-J., Wang, Y., Krest, J., and Moore, W. S.: The geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a surficial groundwater aquifer in North Inlet, South Carolina, and the carbon fluxes to the coastal ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 67, 631–639, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01167-5, 2003.
Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Huang, W.-J., Murrell, M. C., Lehrter, J. C., Lohrenz, S. E., Chou, W.-C., Zhai, W., Hollibaugh, J. T., Wang, Y., Zhao, P., Guo, X., Gundersen, K., Dai, M., and Gong, G.-C.: Acidification of subsurface coastal waters enhanced by eutrophication, Nat. Geosci., 4, 766–770, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1297, 2011.
Clair, T. A. and Hindar, A.: Liming for the mitigation of acid rain effects in freshwaters: a review of recent results, Environ. Rev., 13, 91–128, https://doi.org/10.1139/a05-009, 2005.
Copin-Montégut, C.: Alkalinity and carbon budgets in the Mediterranean Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 7, 915–925, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GB01826, 1993.
Copin-Montégut, C. and Bégovic, M.: Distributions of carbonate properties and oxygen along the water column (0–2000 m) in the central part of the NW Mediterranean Sea (Dyfamed site): influence of winter vertical mixing on air–sea CO2 and O2 exchanges, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 2049–2066, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00027-9, 2002.
Coppola, L., Diamond Riquier, E., and Carval, T.: Dyfamed observatory data, SEANOE, https://doi.org/10.17882/43749, 2016.
Cossarini, G., Lazzari, P., and Solidoro, C.: Spatiotemporal variability of alkalinity in the Mediterranean Sea, Biogeosciences, 12, 1647–1658, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1647-2015, 2015.
Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R. G., Sutton, P., and van den Belt, M.: The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital, Nature, 387, 253–260, 1997.
De Carlo, E. H., Mousseau, L., Passafiume, O., Drupp, P. S., and Gattuso, J.-P.: Carbonate chemistry and air–sea CO2 flux in a NW Mediterranean bay over a four-year period: 2007–2011, Aquat. Geochem., 19, 399–442, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9217-4, 2013.
Dickson, A.: The carbon dioxide system in seawater: equilibrium chemistry and measurements, in: Guide to best practices for ocean acidification research and data reporting, edited by: Fabry, V. J., Hansson, L., and Gattuso, J.-P., Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 17–40, 2010.
Dickson, A. G.: Standard potential of the reaction: AgCl(s) + 1/2 H2(g) = Ag(s) + HCl(aq), and the standard acidity constant of the ion HSO4− in synthetic sea water from 273.15 to 318.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 22, 113–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(90)90074-Z, 1990.
Dickson, A. G. and Riley, J. P.: The effect of analytical error on the evaluation of the components of the aquatic carbon-dioxide system, Mar. Chem., 6, 77–85, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(78)90008-7, 1978.
Dickson, A. G., Sabine, C. L., and Christian, J. R.: Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PICES Special Publication, 3, 191 pp., 2007.
DOE: Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various parameters of the carbon dioxide system in sea water, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1994.
Doney, S. C., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A., and Kleypas, J. A.: Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1, 169–192, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834, 2009.
Duarte, C. M., Hendriks, I. E., Moore, T. S., Olsen, Y. S., Steckbauer, A., Ramajo, L., Carstensen, J., Trotter, J. A., and McCulloch, M.: Is ocean acidification an open-ocean syndrome? Understanding anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH, Estuar. Coast., 36, 221–236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9594-3, 2013.
Edmond, J. M.: High precision determination of titration alkalinity and total carbon dioxide content of sea water by potentiometric titration, Deep-Sea Res., 17, 737–750, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(70)90038-0, 1970.
Feely, R. A., Sabine, C. L., Hernandez-Ayon, J. M., Ianson, D., and Hales, B.: Evidence for upwelling of corrosive “acidified” water onto the continental shelf, Science, 320, 1490–1492, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155676, 2008.
Feely, R. A., Alin, S. R., Newton, J., Sabine, C. L., Warner, M., Devol, A., Krembs, C., and Maloy, C.: The combined effects of ocean acidification, mixing, and respiration on pH and carbonate saturation in an urbanized estuary, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 88, 442–449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.004, 2010.
Flecha, S., Pérez, F. F., García-Lafuente, J., Sammartino, S., Ríos, A. F., and Huertas, I. E.: Trends of pH decrease in the Mediterranean Sea through high frequency observational data: indication of ocean acidification in the basin, Sci. Rep., 5, 16770, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16770, 2015.
Gaillard, J.-F., Pauwels, H., and Michard, G.: Chemical diagenesis in coastal marine sediments, Oceanol. Acta, 12, 175–187, 1989.
García-Ibáñez, M. I., Zunino, P., Fröb, F., Carracedo, L. I., Ríos, A. F., Mercier, H., Olsen, A., and Pérez, F. F.: Ocean acidification in the subpolar North Atlantic: rates and mechanisms controlling pH changes, Biogeosciences, 13, 3701–3715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3701-2016, 2016.
Gattuso, J. P. and Hansson, L.: Ocean acidification, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011.
Gattuso, J.-P., Epitalon, J.-M., and Lavigne, H.: seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry. R package version 3.1.1 https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb (last access: 3 April 2017), 2016.
Gattuso, J.-P., Alliouane, S., and Mousseau, L.: Seawater carbonate chemistry in the Bay of Villefranche, Point B (France), January 2007 – December 2015, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.727120, 2014.
Gilli, E.: Etude des sources karstiques sous-marines et littorales des Alpes Maritimes entre Menton et Nice, 41, http://www.side.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/EXPLOITATION/DEFAULT/doc/IFD/I_IFD_REFDOC_0113893 (last access: 12 May 2017), 1995.
Halpern, B. S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K. A., Kappel, C. V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J. F., Casey, K. S., Ebert, C., and Fox, H. E.: A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems, Science, 319, 948–952, 2008.
Hofmann, G. E., Smith, J. E., Johnson, K. S., Send, U., Levin, L. A., Micheli, F., Paytan, A., Price, N. N., Peterson, B., Takeshita, Y., Matson, P. G., Crook, E. D., Kroeker, K. J., Gambi, M. C., Rivest, E. B., Frieder, C. A., Yu, P. C., and Martz, T. R.: High-frequency dynamics of ocean pH: a multi-ecosystem comparison, PLoS One, 6, e28983, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028983, 2011.
Howes, E. L., Stemmann, L., Assailly, C., Irisson, J. O., Dima, M., Bijma, J., and Gattuso, J. P.: Pteropod time series from the North Western Mediterranean (1967–2003): impacts of pH and climate variability, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 531, 193–206, 2015.
Ingrosso, G., Giani, M., Comici, C., Kralj, M., Piacentino, S., De Vittor, C., and Del Negro, P.: Drivers of the carbonate system seasonal variations in a Mediterranean gulf, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 168, 58–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.11.001, 2016.
Irisson, J.-O., Webb, A., Passafiume, O., and Mousseau, L.: Detecting hydrologic variations in a long term monitoring time series, Europole Mer Gordon-like conference “Time-series analysis in marine science and application for industry”, Brest, France, 17–21 September 2012.
Jiang, Z.-P., Tyrrell, T., Hydes, D. J., Dai, M., and Hartman, S. E.: Variability of alkalinity and the alkalinity-salinity relationship in the tropical and subtropical surface ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 28, 729–742, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004678, 2014.
Kapsenberg, L. and Hofmann, G. E.: Ocean pH time-series and drivers of variability along the northern Channel Islands, California, USA, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61, 953–968, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10264, 2016.
Kapsenberg, L., Kelley, A. L., Shaw, E. C., Martz, T. R., and Hofmann, G. E.: Near-shore Antarctic pH variability has implications for biological adaptation to ocean acidification, Sci. Rep., 5, 9638, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09638, 2015.
Krasakopoulou, E., Souvermezoglou, E., and Goyet, C.: Anthropogenic CO2 fluxes in the Otranto Strait (E. Mediterranean) in February 1995, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 58, 1103–1114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.08.008, 2011.
Lacoue-Labarthe, T., Nunes, P. A. L. D., Ziveri, P., Cinar, M., Gazeau, F., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Hilmi, N., Moschella, P., Safa, A., Sauzade, D., and Turley, C.: Impacts of ocean acidification in a warming Mediterranean Sea: An overview, Regional Studies in Marine Science, 5, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2015.12.005, 2016.
Lee, K., Kim, T.-W., Byrne, R. H., Millero, F. J., Feely, R. A., and Liu, Y.-M.: The universal ratio of boron to chlorinity for the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 1801–1811, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.12.027, 2010.
Lee, K., Sabine, C. L., Tanhua, T., Kim, T.-W., Feely, R. A., and Kim, H.-C.: Roles of marginal seas in absorbing and storing fossil fuel CO2, Energ. Environ. Sci., 4, 1133–1146, https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EE00663G, 2011.
Lejeusne, C., Chevaldonné, P., Pergent-Martini, C., Boudouresque, C. F., and Pérez, T.: Climate change effects on a miniature ocean: the highly diverse, highly impacted Mediterranean Sea, Trends Ecol. Evol., 25, 250–260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.10.009, 2010.
Le Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., Canadell, J. G., Sitch, S., Korsbakken, J. I., Peters, G. P., Manning, A. C., Boden, T. A., Tans, P. P., Houghton, R. A., Keeling, R. F., Alin, S., Andrews, O. D., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Ciais, P., Currie, K., Delire, C., Doney, S. C., Friedlingstein, P., Gkritzalis, T., Harris, I., Hauck, J., Haverd, V., Hoppema, M., Klein Goldewijk, K., Jain, A. K., Kato, E., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Lombardozzi, D., Melton, J. R., Metzl, N., Millero, F., Monteiro, P. M. S., Munro, D. R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S.-I., O'Brien, K., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rödenbeck, C., Salisbury, J., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Stocker, B. D., Sutton, A. J., Takahashi, T., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Werf, G. R., Viovy, N., Walker, A. P., Wiltshire, A. J., and Zaehle, S.: Global Carbon Budget 2016, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 605–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-605-2016, 2016.
Luchetta, A., Cantoni, C., and Catalano, G.: New observations of CO2-induced acidification in the northern Adriatic Sea over the last quarter century, Chem. Ecol., 26, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1080/02757541003627688, 2010.
Lueker, T. J., Dickson, A. G., and Keeling, C. D.: Ocean pCO2 calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and equations for K1 and K2: validation based on laboratory measurements of CO2 in gas and seawater at equilibrium, Mar. Chem., 70, 105–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00022-0, 2000.
Macpherson, G. L., Roberts, J. A., Blair, J. M., Townsend, M. A., Fowle, D. A., and Beisner, K. R.: Increasing shallow groundwater CO2 and limestone weathering, Konza Prairie, USA, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 72, 5581–5599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.004, 2008.
Marcellin Yao, K., Marcou, O., Goyet, C., Guglielmi, V., Touratier, F., and Savy, J.-P.: Time variability of the north-western Mediterranean Sea pH over 1995–2011, Mar. Environ. Res., 116, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.02.016, 2016.
McGrath, T., McGovern, E., Cave, R. R., and Kivimäe, C.: The inorganic carbon chemistry in coastal and shelf waters around Ireland, Estuar. Coast., 39, 27–39, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-9950-6, 2016.
Meier, K. J. S., Beaufort, L., Heussner, S., and Ziveri, P.: The role of ocean acidification in Emiliania huxleyi coccolith thinning in the Mediterranean Sea, Biogeosciences, 11, 2857–2869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2857-2014, 2014.
Millot, C. and Taupier-Letage, I.: Circulation in the Mediterranean Sea, in: The Mediterranean Sea, edited by: Saliot, A., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 29–66, 2005.
Moulin, E., Jordens, A., and Wollast, R.: Influence of the aerobic bacterial respiration on the early dissolution of carbonates in coastal sediments, in: Progress in Belgian Oceanographic Research: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Palace of Academies Brussels, edited by: Van Grieken, R. and Wollast, R., Brussels, 196–208, 1985.
Müller, J. D., Schneider, B., and Rehder, G.: Long-term alkalinity trends in the Baltic Sea and their implications for CO2-induced acidification, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61, 1984–2002, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10349, 2016.
Oh, N.-H. and Raymond, P. A.: Contribution of agricultural liming to riverine bicarbonate export and CO2 sequestration in the Ohio River basin, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, GB3012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002565, 2006.
Omstedt, A., Edman, M., Claremar, B., and Rutgersson, A.: Modelling the contributions to marine acidification from deposited SOx, NOx, and NHx in the Baltic Sea: Past and present situations, Cont. Shelf Res., 111, 234–249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2015.08.024, 2015.
Palmiéri, J., Orr, J. C., Dutay, J.-C., Béranger, K., Schneider, A., Beuvier, J., and Somot, S.: Simulated anthropogenic CO2 storage and acidification of the Mediterranean Sea, Biogeosciences, 12, 781–802, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-781-2015, 2015.
Parravicini, V., Mangialajo, L., Mousseau, L., Peirano, A., Morri, C., Montefalcone, M., Francour, P., Kulbicki, M., and Bianchi, C. N.: Climate change and warm-water species at the north-western boundary of the Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Ecol., 36, 897–909, https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12277, 2015.
Perez, F. F. and Fraga, F.: The pH measurements in seawater on the NBS scale, Mar. Chem., 21, 315–327, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(87)90054-5, 1987.
Pörtner, H.-O., Karl, D., Boyd, P. W., Cheung, W., Lluch-Cota, S. E., Nojiri, Y., Schmidt, D. N., and Zavialov, P.: Ocean systems, in: Climate Change 2014, Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Field, C. B., Barros, V. R., Dokken, D. J., Mach, K. J., Mastrandrea, M. D., Bilir, T. E., Chatterjee, M., Ebi, K. L., Estrada, Y. O., Genova, R. C., Girma, B., Kissel, E. S., Levy, A. N., MacCracken, S., Mastrandrea, P. R., and White, L. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 411–484, 2014.
Provoost, P., van Heuven, S., Soetaert, K., Laane, R. W. P. M., and Middelburg, J. J.: Seasonal and long-term changes in pH in the Dutch coastal zone, Biogeosciences, 7, 3869–3878, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3869-2010, 2010.
Raymond, P. A. and Cole, J. J.: Increase in the export of alkalinity from North America's largest river, Science, 301, 88–91, 2003.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, https://www.r-project.org/ (last access: 3 April 2017), 2016.
Rhein, M., Rintoul, S. R., Aoki, S., Campos, E., Chambers, D., Feely, R. A., Gulev, S., Johnson, G. C., Josey, S. A., A. Kostianoy, Mauritzen, C., Roemmich, D., Talley, L. D., and Wang, F.: Observations: Ocean, in: Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Schneider, A., Wallace, D. W. R., and Körtzinger, A.: Alkalinity of the Mediterranean Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L15608, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028842, 2007.
Schneider, A., Tanhua, T., Körtzinger, A., and Wallace, D. W. R.: High anthropogenic carbon content in the eastern Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C12050, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006171, 2010.
Slomp, C. P. and Van Cappellen, P.: Nutrient inputs to the coastal ocean through submarine groundwater discharge: controls and potential impact, J. Hydrol., 295, 64–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.02.018, 2004.
Stets, E. G., Kelly, V. J., and Crawford, C. G.: Long-term trends in alkalinity in large rivers of the conterminous US in relation to acidification, agriculture, and hydrologic modification, Sci. Total Environ., 488–489, 280–289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.054, 2014.
Tamše, S., Ogrinc, N., Walter, L. M., Turk, D., and Faganeli, J.: River sources of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Gulf of Trieste (N Adriatic): stable carbon isotope evidence, Estuar. Coast., 38, 151–164, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9812-7, 2015.
Tanhua, T., Bates, N. R., and Körtzinger, A.: The marine carbon cycle and ocean anthropogenic CO2 inventories, in: Ocean Circulation and Climate: A 21st Century Perspective, 2nd Ed.., edited by: Siedler, G., Griffies, S., Gould, J., and Church, J., 103, Academic Press, 787–816, 2013.
The MerMex Group: Durrieu de Madron, X., Guieu, C., Sempéré, R., Conan, P., Cossa, D., D'Ortenzio, F., Estournel, C., Gazeau, F., Rabouille, C., Stemmann, L., Bonnet, S., Diaz, F., Koubbi, P., Radakovitch, O., Babin, M., Baklouti, M., Bancon-Montigny, C., Belviso, S., Bensoussan, N., Bonsang, B., Bouloubassi, I., Brunet, C., Cadiou, J. F., Carlotti, F., Chami, M., Charmasson, S., Charrière, B., Dachs, J., Doxaran, D., Dutay, J. C., Elbaz-Poulichet, F., Eléaume, M., Eyrolles, F., Fernandez, C., Fowler, S., Francour, P., Gaertner, J. C., Galzin, R., Gasparini, S., Ghiglione, J. F., Gonzalez, J. L., Goyet, C., Guidi, L., Guizien, K., Heimbürger, L. E., Jacquet, S. H. M., Jeffrey, W. H., Joux, F., Le Hir, P., Leblanc, K., Lefèvre, D., Lejeusne, C., Lemé, R., Loÿe-Pilot, M. D., Mallet, M., Méjanelle, L., Mélin, F., Mellon, C., Mérigot, B., Merle, P. L., Migon, C., Miller, W. L., Mortier, L., Mostajir, B., Mousseau, L., Moutin, T., Para, J., Pérez, T., Petrenko, A., Poggiale, J. C., Prieur, L., Pujo-Pay, M., Pulido, V., Raimbault, P., Rees, A. P., Ridame, C., Rontani, J. F., Ruiz Pino, D., Sicre, M. A., Taillandier, V., Tamburini, C., Tanaka, T., Taupier-Letage, I., Tedetti, M., Testor, P., Thébault, H., Thouvenin, B., Touratier, F., Tronczynski, J., Ulses, C., Van Wambeke, F., Vantrepotte, V., Vaz, S., and Verney, R.: Marine ecosystems' responses to climatic and anthropogenic forcings in the Mediterranean, Prog. Oceanogr., 91, 97–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2011.02.003, 2011.
Touratier, F. and Goyet, C.: Impact of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient on the distribution of anthropogenic CO2 and first estimate of acidification for the Mediterranean Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 58, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.10.002, 2011.
Touratier, F., Goyet, C., Houpert, L., de Madron, X. D., Lefèvre, D., Stabholz, M., and Guglielmi, V.: Role of deep convection on anthropogenic CO2 sequestration in the Gulf of Lions (northwestern Mediterranean Sea), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 113, 33–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.04.003, 2016.
Vargas, C. A., Contreras, P. Y., Pérez, C. A., Sobarzo, M., Saldías, G. S., and Salisbury, J.: Influences of riverine and upwelling waters on the coastal carbonate system off Central Chile and their ocean acidification implications, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 121, 1468–1483, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003213, 2016.
Wolf-Gladrow, D. A., Zeebe, R. E., Klaas, C., Körtzinger, A., and Dickson, A. G.: Total alkalinity: The explicit conservative expression and its application to biogeochemical processes, Mar. Chem., 106, 287–300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.01.006, 2007.
Wootton, J. T. and Pfister, C. A.: Carbon system measurements and potential climatic drivers at a site of rapidly declining ocean pH, PLoS One, 7, e53396, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053396, 2012.
Wootton, J. T., Pfister, C. A., and Forester, J. D.: Dynamic patterns and ecological impacts of declining ocean pH in a high-resolution multi-year dataset, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 18848–18853, 2008.
Short summary
In the interest of global ocean change, weekly water samples were collected at a coastal site in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (2007–2015). Seawater pH declined faster than expected from anthropogenic carbon dioxide increase. Total alkalinity increased, but the driver could not be identified, and it may be linked to changes in freshwater chemistry of watersheds. This is the first coastal acidification time-series providing multiyear data at high temporal resolution.
In the interest of global ocean change, weekly water samples were collected at a coastal site in...
