Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 12, issue 4
Articles | Volume 12, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-925-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-925-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Articles | Volume 12, issue 4
Research article
 | Highlight paper
 | 
26 Jul 2016
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 26 Jul 2016

Observed and simulated full-depth ocean heat-content changes for 1970–2005

Lijing Cheng, Kevin E. Trenberth, Matthew D. Palmer, Jiang Zhu, and John P. Abraham

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Cited articles

Abraham, J. P., Reseghetti, F., Baringer, M., Boyer, T., Cheng, L., Church, J., Domingues, C., Fasullo, J. T., Gilson, J., Goni, G., Good, S., Gorman, J. M., Gouretski, V., Ishii, M., Johnson, G. C., Kizu, S., Lyman, J., MacDonald, A., Minkowycz, W. J., Moffitt, S. E., Palmer, M., Piola, A., Trenberth, K. E., Velicogna, I., Wijffels, S., and Willis, J.: A review of global ocean temperature observations: implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change, Rev. Geophys., 51, 450–483, 2013.
Balmaseda, M. A., Trenberth, K. E., and Källén, E.: Distinctive climate signals in reanalysis of global ocean heat content, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50382, 2013.
Boyer, T. P., Antonov, J. I., Baranova, O. K., Boyer, T. P., Coleman, C. L., Garcia, H. E., Grodsky, A. I., Johnson, D. R., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Reagan, J. R., Sazama, C. L., Seidov, D., Smolyar, I., Yarosh, E. S., and Reagan, J. R.: World Ocean Database 2013, edited by: Levitus, S. and Mishonov, A., NOAA Atlas NESDIS 72, 209 pp., 2013.
Cheng, L. and Zhu, J.: Artifacts in variations of ocean heat content induced by the observation system changes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 7276–7283, 2014.
Cheng, L. and Zhu, J.: Influences of the choice of climatology on ocean heat content estimation, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 32, 388–394, 2015.
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A new method of observing ocean heat content throughout the entire ocean depth is provided. The new method is compared with simulated ocean heat content changes from climate models. The comparisons are carried out in various depth layers of the ocean waters. It is found that there is excellent agreement between the models and the observations. Furthermore, we propose that changes to ocean heat content be used as a fundamental metric to evaluate climate models.
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