Seasonal hydrography and surface outflow in a fjord with a deep sill: the  Reloncaví fjord, Chile

Castillo, Manuel I.; Cifuentes, Ursula; Pizarro, Oscar; Djurfeldt, Leif; Caceres, Mario

doi:10.5194/os-12-533-2016

Articles | Volume 12, issue 2

https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-533-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-533-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 12, issue 2

Research article

|

12 Apr 2016

Research article |

| 12 Apr 2016

Seasonal hydrography and surface outflow in a fjord with a deep sill: the Reloncaví fjord, Chile

Manuel I. Castillo, Ursula Cifuentes, Oscar Pizarro, Leif Djurfeldt, and Mario Caceres

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Feb 2016	12	7	1	20
Mar 2016	12	7	0	19
Apr 2016	64	41	0	105
May 2016	36	17	1	54
Jun 2016	17	10	0	27
Jul 2016	18	7	1	26
Aug 2016	17	6	0	23
Sep 2016	14	6	0	20
Oct 2016	34	2	0	36
Nov 2016	23	9	0	32
Dec 2016	6	6	1	13
Jan 2017	13	9	0	22
Feb 2017	8	5	0	13
Mar 2017	19	17	1	37
Apr 2017	25	16	1	42
May 2017	23	15	0	38
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Jul 2017	20	12	1	33
Aug 2017	3	9	0	12
Sep 2017	12	9	0	21
Oct 2017	8	8	0	16
Nov 2017	11	15	0	26
Dec 2017	10	19	0	29
Jan 2018	3	11	0	14
Feb 2018	12	11	2	25
Mar 2018	9	11	2	22
Apr 2018	12	8	0	20
May 2018	10	10	1	21
Jun 2018	12	10	3	25
Jul 2018	14	9	0	23
Aug 2018	18	14	0	32
Sep 2018	7	8	0	15
Oct 2018	19	16	0	35
Nov 2018	21	16	1	38
Dec 2018	8	6	0	14
Jan 2019	8	12	0	20
Feb 2019	13	7	0	20
Mar 2019	5	9	3	17
Apr 2019	5	7	1	13
May 2019	15	18	2	35
Jun 2019	12	9	0	21
Jul 2019	7	11	0	18
Aug 2019	18	13	1	32
Sep 2019	11	8	0	19
Oct 2019	7	8	1	16
Nov 2019	12	16	1	29
Dec 2019	9	6	0	15
Jan 2020	22	22	3	47
Feb 2020	12	9	0	21
Mar 2020	6	5	1	12
Apr 2020	9	13	1	23
May 2020	15	9	0	24
Jun 2020	19	12	0	31
Jul 2020	73	56	41	170
Aug 2020	10	8	4	22
Sep 2020	8	4	1	13
Oct 2020	18	17	0	35
Nov 2020	7	14	0	21
Dec 2020	12	11	3	26
Jan 2021	25	8	0	33
Feb 2021	11	14	0	25
Mar 2021	12	9	0	21
Apr 2021	18	19	3	40
May 2021	12	13	2	27
Jun 2021	5	13	4	22
Jul 2021	8	13	0	21
Aug 2021	7	9	0	16
Sep 2021	15	14	0	29
Oct 2021	13	38	1	52
Nov 2021	10	26	1	37
Dec 2021	11	7	2	20
Jan 2022	16	14	4	34
Feb 2022	14	13	1	28
Mar 2022	11	25	1	37
Apr 2022	11	16	3	30
May 2022	12	8	1	21
Jun 2022	13	12	1	26
Jul 2022	12	4	2	18
Aug 2022	19	9	4	32
Sep 2022	10	15	0	25
Oct 2022	10	12	5	27
Nov 2022	21	5	0	26
Dec 2022	10	7	0	17
Jan 2023	12	11	1	24
Feb 2023	10	8	3	21
Mar 2023	17	9	1	27
Apr 2023	6	15	1	22
May 2023	23	14	2	39
Jun 2023	33	10	0	43
Jul 2023	13	7	0	20
Aug 2023	10	7	2	19
Sep 2023	13	6	2	21
Oct 2023	11	6	0	17
Nov 2023	6	3	0	9
Dec 2023	10	4	2	16
Jan 2024	7	16	1	24
Feb 2024	4	7	1	12
Mar 2024	16	11	6	33
Apr 2024	26	20	14	60
May 2024	14	18	2	34
Jun 2024	23	4	3	30
Jul 2024	15	22	4	41
Aug 2024	35	9	4	48
Sep 2024	16	12	2	30
Oct 2024	15	8	0	23
Nov 2024	11	11	0	22
Dec 2024	12	9	3	24
Jan 2025	12	12	0	24
Feb 2025	17	13	1	31
Mar 2025	26	11	2	39
Apr 2025	12	13	1	26
May 2025	19	16	1	36
Jun 2025	49	23	0	72
Jul 2025	16	16	5	37
Aug 2025	14	15	0	29
Sep 2025	38	22	4	64
Oct 2025	29	24	2	55
Nov 2025	46	32	2	80
Dec 2025	39	47	6	92
Jan 2026	69	82	14	165
Feb 2026	9	9	3	21

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 29 Oct 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2015	21	39	2	62
Nov 2015	37	48	2	87
Dec 2015	22	15	1	38
Jan 2016	26	9	0	35
Feb 2016	12	7	1	20
Mar 2016	12	7	0	19
Apr 2016	64	41	0	105
May 2016	36	17	1	54
Jun 2016	17	10	0	27
Jul 2016	18	7	1	26
Aug 2016	17	6	0	23
Sep 2016	14	6	0	20
Oct 2016	34	2	0	36
Nov 2016	23	9	0	32
Dec 2016	6	6	1	13
Jan 2017	13	9	0	22
Feb 2017	8	5	0	13
Mar 2017	19	17	1	37
Apr 2017	25	16	1	42
May 2017	23	15	0	38
Jun 2017	28	12	0	40
Jul 2017	20	12	1	33
Aug 2017	3	9	0	12
Sep 2017	12	9	0	21
Oct 2017	8	8	0	16
Nov 2017	11	15	0	26
Dec 2017	10	19	0	29
Jan 2018	3	11	0	14
Feb 2018	12	11	2	25
Mar 2018	9	11	2	22
Apr 2018	12	8	0	20
May 2018	10	10	1	21
Jun 2018	12	10	3	25
Jul 2018	14	9	0	23
Aug 2018	18	14	0	32
Sep 2018	7	8	0	15
Oct 2018	19	16	0	35
Nov 2018	21	16	1	38
Dec 2018	8	6	0	14
Jan 2019	8	12	0	20
Feb 2019	13	7	0	20
Mar 2019	5	9	3	17
Apr 2019	5	7	1	13
May 2019	15	18	2	35
Jun 2019	12	9	0	21
Jul 2019	7	11	0	18
Aug 2019	18	13	1	32
Sep 2019	11	8	0	19
Oct 2019	7	8	1	16
Nov 2019	12	16	1	29
Dec 2019	9	6	0	15
Jan 2020	22	22	3	47
Feb 2020	12	9	0	21
Mar 2020	6	5	1	12
Apr 2020	9	13	1	23
May 2020	15	9	0	24
Jun 2020	19	12	0	31
Jul 2020	73	56	41	170
Aug 2020	10	8	4	22
Sep 2020	8	4	1	13
Oct 2020	18	17	0	35
Nov 2020	7	14	0	21
Dec 2020	12	11	3	26
Jan 2021	25	8	0	33
Feb 2021	11	14	0	25
Mar 2021	12	9	0	21
Apr 2021	18	19	3	40
May 2021	12	13	2	27
Jun 2021	5	13	4	22
Jul 2021	8	13	0	21
Aug 2021	7	9	0	16
Sep 2021	15	14	0	29
Oct 2021	13	38	1	52
Nov 2021	10	26	1	37
Dec 2021	11	7	2	20
Jan 2022	16	14	4	34
Feb 2022	14	13	1	28
Mar 2022	11	25	1	37
Apr 2022	11	16	3	30
May 2022	12	8	1	21
Jun 2022	13	12	1	26
Jul 2022	12	4	2	18
Aug 2022	19	9	4	32
Sep 2022	10	15	0	25
Oct 2022	10	12	5	27
Nov 2022	21	5	0	26
Dec 2022	10	7	0	17
Jan 2023	12	11	1	24
Feb 2023	10	8	3	21
Mar 2023	17	9	1	27
Apr 2023	6	15	1	22
May 2023	23	14	2	39
Jun 2023	33	10	0	43
Jul 2023	13	7	0	20
Aug 2023	10	7	2	19
Sep 2023	13	6	2	21
Oct 2023	11	6	0	17
Nov 2023	6	3	0	9
Dec 2023	10	4	2	16
Jan 2024	7	16	1	24
Feb 2024	4	7	1	12
Mar 2024	16	11	6	33
Apr 2024	26	20	14	60
May 2024	14	18	2	34
Jun 2024	23	4	3	30
Jul 2024	15	22	4	41
Aug 2024	35	9	4	48
Sep 2024	16	12	2	30
Oct 2024	15	8	0	23
Nov 2024	11	11	0	22
Dec 2024	12	9	3	24
Jan 2025	12	12	0	24
Feb 2025	17	13	1	31
Mar 2025	26	11	2	39
Apr 2025	12	13	1	26
May 2025	19	16	1	36
Jun 2025	49	23	0	72
Jul 2025	16	16	5	37
Aug 2025	14	15	0	29
Sep 2025	38	22	4	64
Oct 2025	29	24	2	55
Nov 2025	46	32	2	80
Dec 2025	39	47	6	92
Jan 2026	69	82	14	165
Feb 2026	9	9	3	21

Latest update: 07 Feb 2026

Short summary

The upper layer of the Reloncaví fjord, Chile, shows a continuous stratification year-round. Nevertheless, the vertical salt flux seems to be balanced by the horizontal salt flux, which maintains the amount of salt into the fjord nearly as a steady state. The upper layer shows a flushing time of about 3 days.