Articles | Volume 12, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-243-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-243-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Feb 2016
Research article |
| 12 Feb 2016
Effect of the North Equatorial Counter Current on the generation and propagation of internal solitary waves off the Amazon shelf (SAR observations)
CIMAR/CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research & Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
J. C. B. da Silva
CIMAR/CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research & Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
M. C. Buijsman
University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
C. A. E. Garcia
Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, 96201-900, Caixa Postal 474, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Cited
41 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Using SAR imagery to survey internal solitary wave interactions: A case study off the Western Iberian shelf J. Magalhaes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2021.104396
- Semidiurnal internal tide incoherence in the equatorial Pacific M. Buijsman et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012590
- Internal tides as a major process in Amazon continental shelf fine sediment transport E. Molinas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106360
- Remote Sensing Techniques for Detecting Internal Solitary Waves: A comprehensive review and prospects J. Meng et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2024.3402673
- Satellite data-driven and knowledge-informed machine learning model for estimating global internal solitary wave speed X. Zhang & X. Li https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113328
- Study of the ability of SWOT to detect sea surface height changes caused by internal solitary waves H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-024-2324-9
- Internal solitary wave parameters from SWOT KaRIn sea surface topography: a case study in the Tropical Atlantic J. da Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2025.100307
- SAR Mode Altimetry Observations of Internal Solitary Waves in the Tropical Ocean Part 1: Case Studies A. Santos-Ferreira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040644
- Laboratory Experiments on an Internal Solitary Wave over a Triangular Barrier H. Mu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-019-3943-1
- Laboratory investigation of turbulent dissipation in an internal solitary wave breaking over a submerged Gaussian ridge Y. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057638
- Multi-polarization radar backscatter signatures of internal waves at L-band C. de Macedo et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2022.2050435
- Internal solitary waves in the Banda Sea, a pathway between Indian and Pacific oceans: Satellite observations and physics-AI hybrid forecasting X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114733
- An Approach to Empirical Mapping of Incoherent Internal Tides With Altimetry Data G. Egbert & S. Erofeeva https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095863
- On the Spatial Variability of the Mesoscale Sea Surface Height Wavenumber Spectra in the Atlantic Ocean X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018769
- Internal Solitary Waves in the Andaman Sea: New Insights from SAR Imagery J. Magalhaes & J. Da Silva https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060861
- SAR-Mode Altimetry Observations of Internal Solitary Waves in the Tropical Ocean Part 2: A Method of Detection A. Santos-Ferreira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111339
- Background stratification impacts on internal tide generation and abyssal propagation in the western equatorial Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay S. Barbot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1563-2021
- Short timescale variability in large-amplitude internal waves on the western Portuguese shelf J. Magalhaes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2022.104812
- Internal tides off the Amazon shelf in the western tropical Atlantic: analysis of SWOT Cal/Val mission data M. Tchilibou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-325-2025
- Spatial and temporal variability in mode-1 and mode-2 internal solitary waves from MODIS-Terra sun glint off the Amazon shelf C. de Macedo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1357-2023
- Small‐Scale Topographic Effects on the Generation of Along‐Shelf Propagating Internal Solitary Waves on the Amazon Shelf X. Bai et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017252
- Impacts of subtidal motions and the earth rotation on modal characteristics of the semidiurnal internal tide Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-019-00524-7
- Turbulent dissipation along contrasting internal tide paths off the Amazon shelf from AMAZOMIX F. Kouogang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1589-2025
- Internal tides–cyclonic eddy interaction and intermodal energy pathways: evidence from 3 km NEMO-AMAZON36 simulations F. Kouogang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1545-2026
- Potential generation sites of internal solitary waves and their propagation characteristics in the Andaman Sea—a study based on MODIS true-colour and SAR observations N. Raju et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7705-8
- Internal tides off the Amazon shelf – Part 1: The importance of the structuring of ocean temperature during two contrasted seasons F. Assene et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-43-2024
- Detection of Oil Pollution Using SAR and Optical Remote Sensing Imagery: A Case Study of the Persian Gulf M. Mohammadi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-021-01399-2
- Tidal signatures on surface chlorophyll a concentration in the Brazilian Equatorial Margin C. de Macedo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-871-2026
- Impact of internal tides on chlorophyll a distribution and primary production off the Amazon shelf from glider measurements and satellite observations A. M'hamdi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2873-2025
- Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Internal Solitary Waves in the Penghu Channel Based on Satellite Remote Sensing X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-22-00112.1
- Internal Wave Dark-Band Signatures in ALOS-PALSAR Imagery Revealed by the Standard Deviation of the Co-Polarized Phase Difference C. de Macedo & J. da Silva https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152372
- A new-generation internal tide model based on 30 years of satellite sea surface height measurements: multiwave decomposition and isolated beams Z. Zhao https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3949-2025
- Internal tides off the Amazon shelf during two contrasted seasons: interactions with background circulation and SSH imprints M. Tchilibou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1591-2022
- Effects of Surface Wave Breaking Caused by Internal Solitary Waves in SAR Altimeter: Sentinel-3 Copernicus Products and Advanced New Products A. Santos-Ferreira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030587
- Internal solitary waves refraction and diffraction from interaction with eddies off the Amazon Shelf from SWOT C. Goret et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-679-2026
- Nonlinear Internal Tides in a Realistically Forced Global Ocean Simulation M. Solano et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC019913
- Remote sensing survey and research on internal solitary waves in the South China Sea-Western Pacific-East Indian Ocean (SCS-WPAC-EIND) J. Meng et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-022-2018-0
- Amazon water lenses and the influence of the North Brazil Current on the continental shelf Y. Prestes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.04.002
- Longevity of internal solitary waves in the Pacific Cold Tongue: synergies with SWOT J. da Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.115038
- Transcritical Flow and Generation of Internal Solitary Waves off the Amazon River: Synthetic Aperture Radar Observations and Interpretation C. Lentini et al. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.88
- Oceanic Internal Wave Signature Extraction in the Sulu Sea by a Pixel Attention U-Net: PAU-Net Y. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2022.3230086
41 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Using SAR imagery to survey internal solitary wave interactions: A case study off the Western Iberian shelf J. Magalhaes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2021.104396
- Semidiurnal internal tide incoherence in the equatorial Pacific M. Buijsman et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012590
- Internal tides as a major process in Amazon continental shelf fine sediment transport E. Molinas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106360
- Remote Sensing Techniques for Detecting Internal Solitary Waves: A comprehensive review and prospects J. Meng et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2024.3402673
- Satellite data-driven and knowledge-informed machine learning model for estimating global internal solitary wave speed X. Zhang & X. Li https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113328
- Study of the ability of SWOT to detect sea surface height changes caused by internal solitary waves H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-024-2324-9
- Internal solitary wave parameters from SWOT KaRIn sea surface topography: a case study in the Tropical Atlantic J. da Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2025.100307
- SAR Mode Altimetry Observations of Internal Solitary Waves in the Tropical Ocean Part 1: Case Studies A. Santos-Ferreira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040644
- Laboratory Experiments on an Internal Solitary Wave over a Triangular Barrier H. Mu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-019-3943-1
- Laboratory investigation of turbulent dissipation in an internal solitary wave breaking over a submerged Gaussian ridge Y. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057638
- Multi-polarization radar backscatter signatures of internal waves at L-band C. de Macedo et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2022.2050435
- Internal solitary waves in the Banda Sea, a pathway between Indian and Pacific oceans: Satellite observations and physics-AI hybrid forecasting X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114733
- An Approach to Empirical Mapping of Incoherent Internal Tides With Altimetry Data G. Egbert & S. Erofeeva https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095863
- On the Spatial Variability of the Mesoscale Sea Surface Height Wavenumber Spectra in the Atlantic Ocean X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018769
- Internal Solitary Waves in the Andaman Sea: New Insights from SAR Imagery J. Magalhaes & J. Da Silva https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060861
- SAR-Mode Altimetry Observations of Internal Solitary Waves in the Tropical Ocean Part 2: A Method of Detection A. Santos-Ferreira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11111339
- Background stratification impacts on internal tide generation and abyssal propagation in the western equatorial Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay S. Barbot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1563-2021
- Short timescale variability in large-amplitude internal waves on the western Portuguese shelf J. Magalhaes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2022.104812
- Internal tides off the Amazon shelf in the western tropical Atlantic: analysis of SWOT Cal/Val mission data M. Tchilibou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-325-2025
- Spatial and temporal variability in mode-1 and mode-2 internal solitary waves from MODIS-Terra sun glint off the Amazon shelf C. de Macedo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1357-2023
- Small‐Scale Topographic Effects on the Generation of Along‐Shelf Propagating Internal Solitary Waves on the Amazon Shelf X. Bai et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017252
- Impacts of subtidal motions and the earth rotation on modal characteristics of the semidiurnal internal tide Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-019-00524-7
- Turbulent dissipation along contrasting internal tide paths off the Amazon shelf from AMAZOMIX F. Kouogang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1589-2025
- Internal tides–cyclonic eddy interaction and intermodal energy pathways: evidence from 3 km NEMO-AMAZON36 simulations F. Kouogang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1545-2026
- Potential generation sites of internal solitary waves and their propagation characteristics in the Andaman Sea—a study based on MODIS true-colour and SAR observations N. Raju et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7705-8
- Internal tides off the Amazon shelf – Part 1: The importance of the structuring of ocean temperature during two contrasted seasons F. Assene et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-43-2024
- Detection of Oil Pollution Using SAR and Optical Remote Sensing Imagery: A Case Study of the Persian Gulf M. Mohammadi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-021-01399-2
- Tidal signatures on surface chlorophyll a concentration in the Brazilian Equatorial Margin C. de Macedo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-871-2026
- Impact of internal tides on chlorophyll a distribution and primary production off the Amazon shelf from glider measurements and satellite observations A. M'hamdi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-2873-2025
- Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Internal Solitary Waves in the Penghu Channel Based on Satellite Remote Sensing X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-22-00112.1
- Internal Wave Dark-Band Signatures in ALOS-PALSAR Imagery Revealed by the Standard Deviation of the Co-Polarized Phase Difference C. de Macedo & J. da Silva https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152372
- A new-generation internal tide model based on 30 years of satellite sea surface height measurements: multiwave decomposition and isolated beams Z. Zhao https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3949-2025
- Internal tides off the Amazon shelf during two contrasted seasons: interactions with background circulation and SSH imprints M. Tchilibou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1591-2022
- Effects of Surface Wave Breaking Caused by Internal Solitary Waves in SAR Altimeter: Sentinel-3 Copernicus Products and Advanced New Products A. Santos-Ferreira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030587
- Internal solitary waves refraction and diffraction from interaction with eddies off the Amazon Shelf from SWOT C. Goret et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-679-2026
- Nonlinear Internal Tides in a Realistically Forced Global Ocean Simulation M. Solano et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC019913
- Remote sensing survey and research on internal solitary waves in the South China Sea-Western Pacific-East Indian Ocean (SCS-WPAC-EIND) J. Meng et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-022-2018-0
- Amazon water lenses and the influence of the North Brazil Current on the continental shelf Y. Prestes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.04.002
- Longevity of internal solitary waves in the Pacific Cold Tongue: synergies with SWOT J. da Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.115038
- Transcritical Flow and Generation of Internal Solitary Waves off the Amazon River: Synthetic Aperture Radar Observations and Interpretation C. Lentini et al. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.88
- Oceanic Internal Wave Signature Extraction in the Sulu Sea by a Pixel Attention U-Net: PAU-Net Y. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2022.3230086
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 08 Nov 2026
Short summary
Satellite imagery reveals intense internal solitary waves (ISWs) seen hundreds of kilometres from the Amazon shelf and extending for 500 km into the open ocean (propagating above 3 m/s, amongst the fastest ever recorded). Seasonality is discussed in light of the North Equatorial Counter Current, and a late disintegration of the internal tide (IT) is investigated based on climatological data. A late disintegration of the IT may explain other ISW observations in the world’s oceans.
Satellite imagery reveals intense internal solitary waves (ISWs) seen hundreds of kilometres...
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