Articles | Volume 12, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1003-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1003-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Impact of vertical and horizontal advection on nutrient distribution in the southeast Pacific
Bàrbara Barceló-Llull
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Evan Mason
Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mallorca, Spain
Arthur Capet
CNR, OGS, Trieste, Italy
Ananda Pascual
Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mallorca, Spain
Related authors
Roxane Tzortzis, Andrea M. Doglioli, Stéphanie Barrillon, Anne A. Petrenko, Francesco d'Ovidio, Lloyd Izard, Melilotus Thyssen, Ananda Pascual, Bàrbara Barceló-Llull, Frédéric Cyr, Marc Tedetti, Nagib Bhairy, Pierre Garreau, Franck Dumas, and Gérald Gregori
Biogeosciences, 18, 6455–6477, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6455-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6455-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work analyzes an original high-resolution data set collected in the Mediterranean Sea. The major result is the impact of a fine-scale frontal structure on the distribution of phytoplankton groups, in an area of moderate energy with oligotrophic conditions. Our results provide an in situ confirmation of the findings obtained by previous modeling studies and remote sensing about the structuring effect of the fine-scale ocean dynamics on the structure of the phytoplankton community.
M.-H. Rio, A. Pascual, P.-M. Poulain, M. Menna, B. Barceló, and J. Tintoré
Ocean Sci., 10, 731–744, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-731-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-731-2014, 2014
Jennifer Veitch, Enrique Alvarez-Fanjul, Arthur Capet, Stefania Ciliberti, Mauro Cirano, Emanuela Clementi, Fraser Davidson, Ghada el Sarafy, Guilherme Franz, Patrick Hogan, Sudheer Joseph, Svitlana Liubartseva, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Heather Regan, and Katerina Spanoudaki
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-22, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-22, 2024
Preprint under review for SP
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean forecast systems provide information about a future state of the ocean. This information is provided in the form of decision support tools, or downstream applications, that can be accessed by various stakeholders to support livelihoods, coastal resilience, as well as the good governance of the marine environment. This manuscript provides an overview of the various downstream applications of ocean forecast systems that are utilised around the world.
Mauro Cirano, Enrique Alvarez-Fanjul, Arthur Capet, Stefania Ciliberti, Emanuela Clementi, Boris Dewitte, Matias Dinápoli, Ghada El Serafy, Patrick Hogan, Sudheer Joseph, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Ivonne Montes, Diego Narvaez, Heather Regan, Claudia G. Simionato, Clemente A. S. Tanajura, Pramod Thupaki, Claudia Urbano-Latorre, and Jennifer Veitch
State Planet Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-26, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2024-26, 2024
Preprint under review for SP
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting the ocean state in support of human activities, environmental monitoring and policymaking across different regions worldwide is fundamental. The status of operational ocean forecasting systems (OOFS) in 8 key regions worldwide is provided. A discussion follows on the numerical strategy and available OOFS, pointing out the straightness and the ways forward to improve the essential ocean variables predictability from regional to coastal scales, products reliability and accuracy.
Antonio Sánchez-Román, Flora Gues, Romain Bourdalle-Badie, Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Ananda Pascual, and Marie Drévillon
State Planet, 4-osr8, 4, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-4-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-4-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the changing pattern of the Gulf Stream over the last 3 decades as observed in the altimetric record (1993–2022). Changes in the Gulf Stream path have an effect on its speed (and associated energy) and also on waters transported towards the subpolar North Atlantic, impacting Europe's climate. The observed shifts in the paths seem to be linked to variability in the North Atlantic Ocean during winter that may play an important role.
Mikhail Popov, Jean-Michel Brankart, Arthur Capet, Emmanuel Cosme, and Pierre Brasseur
Ocean Sci., 20, 155–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-155-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study contributes to the development of methods to estimate targeted ocean ecosystem indicators, including their uncertainty, in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Service. A simplified approach is introduced to perform a 4D ensemble analysis and forecast, directly targeting selected biogeochemical variables and indicators (phenology, trophic efficiency, downward flux of organic matter). Care is taken to present the methods and discuss the reliability of the solution proposed.
Stefania A. Ciliberti, Enrique Alvarez Fanjul, Jay Pearlman, Kirsten Wilmer-Becker, Pierre Bahurel, Fabrice Ardhuin, Alain Arnaud, Mike Bell, Segolene Berthou, Laurent Bertino, Arthur Capet, Eric Chassignet, Stefano Ciavatta, Mauro Cirano, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Gianpaolo Coro, Stuart Corney, Fraser Davidson, Marie Drevillon, Yann Drillet, Renaud Dussurget, Ghada El Serafy, Katja Fennel, Marcos Garcia Sotillo, Patrick Heimbach, Fabrice Hernandez, Patrick Hogan, Ibrahim Hoteit, Sudheer Joseph, Simon Josey, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Simone Libralato, Marco Mancini, Pascal Matte, Angelique Melet, Yasumasa Miyazawa, Andrew M. Moore, Antonio Novellino, Andrew Porter, Heather Regan, Laia Romero, Andreas Schiller, John Siddorn, Joanna Staneva, Cecile Thomas-Courcoux, Marina Tonani, Jose Maria Garcia-Valdecasas, Jennifer Veitch, Karina von Schuckmann, Liying Wan, John Wilkin, and Romane Zufic
State Planet, 1-osr7, 2, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-2-2023, 2023
Antonio Sánchez-Román, M. Isabelle Pujol, Yannice Faugère, and Ananda Pascual
Ocean Sci., 19, 793–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-793-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-793-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper assesses the performance of the latest version (DT2021) of global gridded altimetry products distributed through the CMEMS and C3S Copernicus programs on the retrieval of sea level in the coastal zone of the European seas with respect to the previous DT2018 version. This comparison is made using an external independent dataset. DT2021 sea level products better solve the signal in the coastal band.
Cori Pegliasco, Antoine Delepoulle, Evan Mason, Rosemary Morrow, Yannice Faugère, and Gérald Dibarboure
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1087–1107, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1087-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1087-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The new global Mesoscale Eddy Trajectory Atlases (META3.1exp) provide eddy identification and trajectories from altimetry maps. These atlases comprise an improvement to and continuation of the historical META2.0 product. Changes in the detection parameters and tracking were tested by comparing the eddies from the different datasets. In particular, the eddy contours available in META3.1exp are an asset for multi-disciplinary studies.
Roxane Tzortzis, Andrea M. Doglioli, Stéphanie Barrillon, Anne A. Petrenko, Francesco d'Ovidio, Lloyd Izard, Melilotus Thyssen, Ananda Pascual, Bàrbara Barceló-Llull, Frédéric Cyr, Marc Tedetti, Nagib Bhairy, Pierre Garreau, Franck Dumas, and Gérald Gregori
Biogeosciences, 18, 6455–6477, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6455-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6455-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work analyzes an original high-resolution data set collected in the Mediterranean Sea. The major result is the impact of a fine-scale frontal structure on the distribution of phytoplankton groups, in an area of moderate energy with oligotrophic conditions. Our results provide an in situ confirmation of the findings obtained by previous modeling studies and remote sensing about the structuring effect of the fine-scale ocean dynamics on the structure of the phytoplankton community.
Florian Ricour, Arthur Capet, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Bruno Delille, and Marilaure Grégoire
Biogeosciences, 18, 755–774, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-755-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-755-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper addresses the phenology of the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) in the Black Sea (BS). We show that the DCM forms in March at a density level set by the winter mixed layer. It maintains this location until June, suggesting an influence of the DCM on light and nutrient profiles rather than mere adaptation to external factors. In summer, the DCM concentrates ~55 % of the chlorophyll in a 10 m layer at ~35 m depth and should be considered a major feature of the BS phytoplankton dynamics.
Arthur Capet, Luc Vandenbulcke, and Marilaure Grégoire
Biogeosciences, 17, 6507–6525, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6507-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6507-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Black Sea is 2000 m deep, but, due to limited ventilation, only about the upper 100 m contains enough oxygen to support marine life such as fish. This oxygenation depth has been shown to be decreasing (1955–2019). Here, we evidence that atmospheric warming induced a clear shift in an important ventilation mechanism. We highlight the impact of this shift on oxygenation. There are important implications for marine life and carbon and nutrient cycling if this new ventilation regime persists.
Evan Mason, Simón Ruiz, Romain Bourdalle-Badie, Guillaume Reffray, Marcos García-Sotillo, and Ananda Pascual
Ocean Sci., 15, 1111–1131, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1111-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1111-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS) provides oceanographic products and services. Using a mesoscale eddy tracker, we evaluate the performance of three CMEMS model products in the western Mediterranean. Performance testing provides valuable feedback to the model developers. The eddy tracker allows us to construct 3-D eddy composites for each model in the Alboran Sea gyres. Comparison of the composites with data from Argo floats highlights the importance of data assimilation for these models.
Yuri Cotroneo, Giuseppe Aulicino, Simon Ruiz, Antonio Sánchez Román, Marc Torner Tomàs, Ananda Pascual, Giannetta Fusco, Emma Heslop, Joaquín Tintoré, and Giorgio Budillon
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 147–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-147-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-147-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present data collected from the first three glider surveys in the Algerian Basin conducted during the ABACUS project. After collection, data passed a quality control procedure and were then made available through an unrestricted repository. The main objective of our project is monitoring the basin circulation of the Mediterranean Sea. Temperature and salinity data collected in the first 975 m of the water column allowed us to identify the main water masses and describe their characteristics.
Charles Troupin, Ananda Pascual, Simon Ruiz, Antonio Olita, Benjamin Casas, Félix Margirier, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Giulio Notarstefano, Marc Torner, Juan Gabriel Fernández, Miquel Àngel Rújula, Cristian Muñoz, Eva Alou, Inmaculada Ruiz, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, John T. Allen, Amala Mahadevan, and Joaquín Tintoré
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 129–145, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-129-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-129-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The AlborEX (the Alboran Sea Experiment) consisted of an experiment in the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean Sea) that took place between 25 and 31 May 2014, and use a wide range of oceanographic sensors. The dataset provides information on mesoscale and sub-mesoscale processes taking place in a frontal area. This paper presents the measurements obtained from these sensors and describes their particularities: scale, spatial and temporal resolutions, measured variables, etc.
Antonio Sánchez-Román, Simón Ruiz, Ananda Pascual, Baptiste Mourre, and Stéphanie Guinehut
Ocean Sci., 13, 223–234, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-223-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-223-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we investigate the capability of the Argo array in the Mediterranean Sea to capture mesoscale circulation structures (diameter of around 150 km). To do that we conduct several experiments to simulate different spatial sampling configurations of the Argo array in the basin. Results show that the actual Argo array in the Mediterranean (2° × 2°) might be enlarged until a spatial resolution of nearly 75 × 75 km (450 floats) in order to capture the mesoscale signal.
Arthur Capet, Emil V. Stanev, Jean-Marie Beckers, James W. Murray, and Marilaure Grégoire
Biogeosciences, 13, 1287–1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1287-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1287-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We show that the Black Sea oxygen inventory has decreased by 44 % from 1955 to 2015, while oxygen penetration depth decreased from 140 to 90 m. A transient increase of the oxygen inventory during 1985–1995 supported the perception of a stable oxic interface and of a general recovery of the Black Sea after a strong eutrophication phase (1970–1990). Instead, we show that ongoing high oxygen consumption was masked by high ventilation rates, which are now limited by atmospheric warming.
M.-H. Rio, A. Pascual, P.-M. Poulain, M. Menna, B. Barceló, and J. Tintoré
Ocean Sci., 10, 731–744, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-731-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-731-2014, 2014
P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, V. Artale, G. L. Borzelli-Eusebi, S. Brenner, A. Crise, M. Gacic, N. Kress, S. Marullo, M. Ribera d'Alcalà, S. Sofianos, T. Tanhua, A. Theocharis, M. Alvarez, Y. Ashkenazy, A. Bergamasco, V. Cardin, S. Carniel, G. Civitarese, F. D'Ortenzio, J. Font, E. Garcia-Ladona, J. M. Garcia-Lafuente, A. Gogou, M. Gregoire, D. Hainbucher, H. Kontoyannis, V. Kovacevic, E. Kraskapoulou, G. Kroskos, A. Incarbona, M. G. Mazzocchi, M. Orlic, E. Ozsoy, A. Pascual, P.-M. Poulain, W. Roether, A. Rubino, K. Schroeder, J. Siokou-Frangou, E. Souvermezoglou, M. Sprovieri, J. Tintoré, and G. Triantafyllou
Ocean Sci., 10, 281–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Benítez-Barrios, V., Pelegrí, J. L., Hernández-Guerra, A., Lwiza, K. M. M., Gomis, D., Vélez-Belchí, P., and Hernández-León, S.: Three-dimensional circulation in the NW Africa coastal transition zone, Prog. Oceanogr., 91, 516–533, 2011.
Bower, A. S.: A simple kinematic mechanism for mixing fluid parcels across a meandering jet, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 173–180, 1991.
Brink, K. H. and Robinson, A. R. (EDS.): The Sea, Volume 11: The Global Coastal Ocean: Regional Studies and Syntheses, Harvard University Press, 2005.
Brown, S. L., Landry, M. R., Selph, K. E., Jin Yang, E., Rii, Y. M., and Bidigare, R. R.: Diatoms in the desert: Plankton community response to a mesoscale eddy in the subtropical North Pacific, Deep-Sea Res., 55, 1321–1333, 2008.
Buongiorno Nardelli, B.: Vortex waves and vertical motion in a mesoscale cyclonic eddy, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 118, 5609–5624, 2013.
Buongiorno Nardelli, B., Guinehut, S., Pascual, A., Drillet, Y., Ruiz, S., and Mulet, S.: Towards high resolution mapping of 3-D mesoscale dynamics from observations, Ocean Sci., 8, 885–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-885-2012, 2012.
Capet, A., Mason, E., Rossi, V., Troupin, C., Faugère, Y., Pujol, I., and Pascual, A.: Implications of refined altimetry on estimates of mesoscale activity and eddy-driven offshore transport in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 7602–7610, 2014.
Capet, X. J., Campos, E. J., and Paiva, A. M.: Submesoscale activity over the Argentinian shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L15605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034736, 2008.
Carr, S. D., Capet, X. J., McWilliams, J. C., Pennington, J. T., and Chavez, F. P.: The influence of diel vertical migration on zooplankton transport and recruitment in an upwelling region: estimates from a coupled behavioral-physical model, Fish. Oceanogr., 17, 1–15, 2008.
Chelton, D. B., Gaube, P., Schlax, M. G., Early, J. J., and Samelson, R. M.: The Influence of Nonlinear Mesoscale Eddies on Near-Surface Oceanic Chlorophyll, Science, 334, 328–332, 2011a.
Chelton, D. B., Schlax, M. A., and Samelson, R. M.: Global observations of nonlinear mesoscale eddies, Prog. Oceanogr., 91, 167–216, 2011b.
Dibarboure, G., Pujol, M.-I. ., Briol, F., Le Traon, P.-Y., Larnicol, G., Picot, N., Mertz, F., and Ablain, M.: Jason-2 in DUACS: Updated system description, first tandem results and impact on processing and products, Mar. Geod., 34, 214–241, 2011.
Ducet, N., Le Traon, P.-Y., and Reverdin, G.: Global high-resolution mapping of ocean circulation from TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 and -2, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 19477–19498, 2000.
Eppley, R. W., Rogers, J. N., and McCarthy, J. J.: Half-saturation constants for uptake of nitrate and ammonium by marine phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 14, 912–920, 1969.
Fu, L.-L. and Ferrari, R.: Observing Oceanic Submesoscale Processes From Space, Eos Trans. AGU, 89, 488–488, 2008.
Gaube, P., Chelton, D. B., Strutton, P. G., and Behrenfeld, M. J.: Satellite observations of chlorophyll, phytoplankton biomass, and Ekman pumping in nonlinear mesoscale eddies, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 6349–6370, 2013.
Gaube, P., Chelton, D. B., Samelson, R. M., Schlax, M. G., and O'neill, L. W.: Satellite Observations of Mesoscale Eddy-Induced Ekman Pumping, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 45, 104–132, 2015.
Guinehut, S., Dhomps, A.-L., Larnicol, G., and Le Traon, P.-Y.: High resolution 3-D temperature and salinity fields derived from in situ and satellite observations, Ocean Sci., 8, 845–857, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-845-2012, 2012.
Hoskins, B. J., Draghici, I., and Davies, H. C.: A new look at the ω-equation, Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 104, 31–38, 1978.
Imawaki, S., Bower, A. S., Beal, L., and Qiu, B.: Western Boundary Currents, chap. 13, in: Ocean Circulation and Climate A – 21st Century Perspective, edited by: Siedler, G., Griffies, S. M., Gould, J., and Church, J. A., Academic Press, 103, 305–338, 2013.
Klein, P. and Lapeyre, G.: The Oceanic Vertical Pump Induced by Mesoscale and Submesoscale Turbulence, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1, 351–375, 2009.
Lathuiliere, C., Levy, M., and Echevin, V.: Impact of eddy-driven vertical fluxes on phytoplankton abundance in the euphotic layer, J. Plank. Res., 33, 827–831, 2011.
MacIsaac, J. and Dugdale, R.: Interactions of light and inorganic nitrogen in controlling nitrogen uptake in the sea, Deep-Sea Res.-Oceanogr. Abstracts, Elsevier, 19, 209–232, 1972.
Mahadevan, A.: Eddy effects on biogeochemistry, Nature, 506, 168–169, 2014.
Mahadevan, A., D'Asaro, E., Lee, C., and Perry, M. J.: Eddy-driven stratification initiates North Atlantic spring phytoplankton blooms, Science, 336, 54–58, 2012.
Marra, J. F., Lance, V. P., Vaillancourt, R. D., and Hargreaves, B. R.: Resolving the ocean's euphotic zone, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 83, 45–50, 2014.
Martin, A. P. and Richards, K. J.: Mechanisms for vertical nutrient transport within a North Atlantic mesoscale eddy, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 48, 757–773, 2001.
Mason, E., Colas, F., and Pelegrí, J. L.: A Lagrangian study tracing water parcel origins in the Canary Upwelling System, Sci. Mar., 76, 79–94, 2012.
McGillicuddy, D. J., Robinson, A. R., Siegel, D. A., Jannasch, H. W., Johnson, R., Dickey, T. D., McNeil, J., Michaels, A. F., and Knap, A. H.: Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea, Nature, 394, 263–266, 1998.
McGillicuddy, D. J., Anderson, L. A., Bates, N. R., Bibby, T., Buesseler, K. O., Carlson, C. A., Davis, C. S., Ewart, C., Falkowski, P. G., Goldthwait, S. A., Hansell, D. A., Jenkins, W. J., Johnson, R., Kosnyrev, V. K., Ledwell, J. R., Li, Q. P., Siegel, D. A., and Steinberg, D. K.: Eddy Wind interactions stimulate extraordinary mid-ocean plankton blooms, Science, 316, 1021–1026, 2007.
Morel, A., Claustre, H., and Gentili, B.: The most oligotrophic subtropical zones of the global ocean: similarities and differences in terms of chlorophyll and yellow substance, Biogeosciences, 7, 3139–3151, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3139-2010, 2010.
Mulet, S., Rio, M.-H., Mignot, A., Guinehut, S., and Morrow, R.: A new estimate of the global 3D geostrophic ocean circulation based on satellite data and in-situ measurements, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 77-80, 70–81, 2012.
Omand, M. M. and Mahadevan, A.: The shape of the oceanic nitracline, Biogeosciences, 12, 3273–3287, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3273-2015, 2015.
Pascual, A., Faugère, Y., Larnicol, G., and Le Traon, P.-Y.: Improved description of the ocean mesoscale variability by combining four satellite altimeters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02611, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024633, 2006.
Pascual, A., Ruiz, S., Buongiorno Nardelli, B., Guinehut, S., Iudicone, D., and Tintoré, J.: Net primary production in the Gulf Stream sustained by quasi-geostrophic vertical exchanges, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 441–449, 2015.
Penven, P., Marchesiello, P., Debreu, L., and Lefèvre, J.: Software tools for pre- and post-processing of oceanic regional simulations, Environ. Modell. Softw., 23, 660–662, 2008.
Pollard, R. T. and Regier, L. A.: Vorticity and Vertical Circulation at an Ocean Front, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 609–625, 1992.
Qiu, B. and Chen, S.: Seasonal modulations in the Eddy Field of the South Pacific Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1515–1527, 2004.
Qiu, B., Scott, R. B., and Chen, S.: Length Scales of Eddy Generation and Nonlinear Evolution of the Seasonally Modulated South Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38, 1515–1528, 2008.
Ras, J., Claustre, H., and Uitz, J.: Spatial variability of phytoplankton pigment distributions in the Subtropical South Pacific Ocean: comparison between in situ and predicted data, Biogeosciences, 5, 353–369, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-353-2008, 2008.
Siegel, D. A., McGillicuddy Jr., D. J., and Fields, E. A.: Mesoscale eddies, satellite altimetry, and new production in the Sargasso Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 104, 13359–13379, 1999.
Strub, P. T., Combes, V., Shillington, F. A., and Pizarro, O.: Currents and Processes along the Eastern Boundaries, chap. 14, in: Ocean Circulation and Climate A – 21st Century Perspective, edited by: Siedler, G., Griffies, S. M., Gould, J., and Church, J. A., Academic Press, 103, 339–384, 2013.
Tintoré, J., Gomis, D., Alonso, S., and Parrilla, G.: Mesoscale Dynamics and Vertical Motion in the Alborán Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 811–823, 1991.
Woods, J.: Toward a Theory on Biological-Physical Interactions in the World Ocean, Scale Upwelling and Primary Production, Springer Netherlands, 7–38, 1988.
Short summary
Vertical velocity in the ocean makes an important contribution to the modulation of marine ecosystems through its impact on fluxes of nutrients and phytoplankton. Here, we estimate full 3-D current velocity fields from an observation-based data product. The 3-D currents are used to force a set of particle-tracking (Lagrangian) experiments. The Lagrangian results show that vertical motions induce local increases in nitrate uptake reaching up to 30 %.
Vertical velocity in the ocean makes an important contribution to the modulation of marine...