Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-13-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-13-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Jan 2015
Research article |
| 09 Jan 2015
Is coccolithophore distribution in the Mediterranean Sea related to seawater carbonate chemistry?
A. Oviedo
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
P. Ziveri
Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Earth & Climate Cluster, Department of Earth Sciences, FALW, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, FALW, HV1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
M. Álvarez
IEO – Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Apd. 130, A Coruña 15001, Spain
T. Tanhua
GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Marine Biogeochemistry, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
William A. Nesbitt, Samuel W. Stevens, Alfonso O. Mucci, Lennart Gerke, Toste Tanhua, Gwénaëlle Chaillou, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2400, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2400, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Ocean Science (OS).
Short summary
Short summary
We use 20 years of oxygen measurements and recent carbon data with a tracer-calibrated 1D model to quantify oxygen loss and inorganic carbon accumulation in the deep waters of the Gulf and St. Lawrence Estuary. We further utilize the model to give a first estimate of the impact of adding pure oxygen, a by-product from green hydrogen production to these deep waters. Results show this could restore oxygen to year-2000 levels, but full recovery would require a larger input.
Li-Qing Jiang, Amanda Fay, Jens Daniel Müller, Lydia Keppler, Dustin Carroll, Siv K. Lauvset, Tim DeVries, Judith Hauck, Christian Rödenbeck, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Metzl, Andrea J. Fassbender, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Peter Landschützer, Rik Wanninkhof, Christopher Sabine, Simone R. Alin, Mario Hoppema, Are Olsen, Matthew P. Humphreys, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Nicole Besemer, Henry C. Bittig, Albert E. Boyd, Daniel Broullón, Wei-Jun Cai, Brendan R. Carter, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Chen-Tung Arthur Chen, Frédéric Cyr, John E. Dore, Ian Enochs, Richard A. Feely, Hernan E. Garcia, Marion Gehlen, Lucas Gloege, Melchor González-Dávila, Nicolas Gruber, Yosuke Iida, Masao Ishii, Esther Kennedy, Alex Kozyr, Nico Lange, Claire Lo Monaco, Derek P. Manzello, Galen A. McKinley, Natalie M. Monacci, Xose A. Padin, Ana M. Palacio-Castro, Fiz F. Pérez, Alizée Roobaert, J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Jonathan Sharp, Adrienne Sutton, Jim Swift, Toste Tanhua, Maciej Telszewski, Jens Terhaar, Ruben van Hooidonk, Anton Velo, Andrew J. Watson, Angelicque E. White, Zelun Wu, Hyelim Yoo, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-255, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-255, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This review article provides an overview of 60 existing ocean carbonate chemistry data products, encompassing a broad range of types, including compilations of cruise datasets, gap-filled observational products, model simulations, and more. It is designed to help researchers identify and access the data products that best support their scientific objectives, thereby facilitating progress in understanding the ocean's changing carbonate chemistry.
Stefania Bianco, Manuela Bordiga, Gerald Langer, Patrizia Ziveri, Federica Cerino, Andrea Di Giulio, and Claudia Lupi
Biogeosciences, 22, 1821–1837, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1821-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1821-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work focuses on the response in culture experiments to increasing CO2 of the coccolithophore species Helicosphaera carteri, a unicellular marine calcifying microalgae. The absence of significant changes in coccolith malformations, along with stable size, shape, and calcification-to-photosynthesis ratio, is indicative of H. carteri low sensitivity to CO2 rise, together with its ability to maintain a stable contribution to the marine rain ratio under future climate changes.
Anne-Marie Wefing, Annabel Payne, Marcel Scheiwiller, Christof Vockenhuber, Marcus Christl, Toste Tanhua, and Núria Casacuberta
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1322, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1322, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Ocean Science (OS).
Short summary
Short summary
Here we used the anthropogenic radionuclides I-129 and U-236 as tracers for Atlantic Water circulation in the Arctic Ocean. New data collected in 2021 allowed to assess the distribution of Atlantic Water and mixing with Pacific-origin water in the surface layer in that year. By using historical tracer data from 2011 to 2021, we looked into temporal changes of the circulation and found slightly older waters in the central Arctic Ocean in 2021 compared to 2015.
Malek Belgacem, Katrin Schroeder, Siv K. Lauvset, Marta Álvarez, Jacopo Chiggiato, Mireno Borghini, Carolina Cantoni, Tiziana Ciuffardi, and Stefania Sparnocchia
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-365, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-365, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Having consistent dissolved Oxygen (O2) data is crucial for understanding the health of our oceans. By monitoring O2 levels, we can spot changes in water quality. Reliable data helps scientist and policymakers make informed decisions to protect marine environments, ensuring practices that benefit both wildlife and people. The Mediterranean Sea is particularly sensitive to climate change. O2WMED dataset- a compilation of data that provides a clear picture of O2 changes over the past 20 years.
Mian Liu and Toste Tanhua
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1362, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1362, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Ocean Science (OS).
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the distribution of water masses in the Atlantic Ocean, the water mass ages are shown by using CFC-12 and SF6. The ages increase with pressure and along the pathway. The central waters in the upper layer obtain the lowest ages. In all the other three deeper layers, the ages increase with the distance from formation area. The age is also used to calculate the oxygen utilization rate (OUR) in water masses. The western basin exhibits lower age with higher OUR due to the better ventilation.
Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen, Alex Kozyr, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Akihiko Murata, Jens Daniel Müller, Fiz F. Pérez, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Adam Ulfsbo, Anton Velo, Ryan J. Woosley, and Robert M. Key
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2047–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2047-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2047-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by the chemical analysis of water bottle samples from scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2023 is the fifth update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality controlling, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 1108 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2021.
Nico Lange, Björn Fiedler, Marta Álvarez, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Heather Benway, Pier Luigi Buttigieg, Laurent Coppola, Kim Currie, Susana Flecha, Dana S. Gerlach, Makio Honda, I. Emma Huertas, Siv K. Lauvset, Frank Muller-Karger, Arne Körtzinger, Kevin M. O'Brien, Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir, Fernando C. Pacheco, Digna Rueda-Roa, Ingunn Skjelvan, Masahide Wakita, Angelicque White, and Toste Tanhua
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1901–1931, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS) is a novel achievement expanding and complementing the biogeochemical data landscape by providing consistent and high-quality biogeochemical time-series data from 12 ship-based fixed time-series programs. SPOTS covers multiple unique marine environments and time-series ranges, including data from 1983 to 2021. All in all, it facilitates a variety of applications that benefit from the collective value of biogeochemical time-series observations.
Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen, Alex Kozyr, Simone Alin, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Leticia Barbero, Susan Becker, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Richard A. Feely, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Li-Qing Jiang, Steve D. Jones, Claire Lo Monaco, Akihiko Murata, Jens Daniel Müller, Fiz F. Pérez, Benjamin Pfeil, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Bronte Tilbrook, Adam Ulfsbo, Anton Velo, Ryan J. Woosley, and Robert M. Key
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5543–5572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5543-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by the chemical analysis of water bottle samples from scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2022 is the fourth update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality controlling, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 1085 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2021.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Luke Gregor, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Ramdane Alkama, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Lucas Gloege, Giacomo Grassi, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Annika Jersild, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Keith Lindsay, Junjie Liu, Zhu Liu, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Matthew J. McGrath, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Naiqing Pan, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Carmen Rodriguez, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Jamie D. Shutler, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Xiangjun Tian, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Chris Whitehead, Anna Willstrand Wranne, Rebecca Wright, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2022 describes the datasets and methodology used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, the land ecosystems, and the ocean. These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Rainer Kiko, Marc Picheral, David Antoine, Marcel Babin, Léo Berline, Tristan Biard, Emmanuel Boss, Peter Brandt, Francois Carlotti, Svenja Christiansen, Laurent Coppola, Leandro de la Cruz, Emilie Diamond-Riquier, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Amanda Elineau, Gabriel Gorsky, Lionel Guidi, Helena Hauss, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Lee Karp-Boss, Johannes Karstensen, Dong-gyun Kim, Rachel M. Lekanoff, Fabien Lombard, Rubens M. Lopes, Claudie Marec, Andrew M. P. McDonnell, Daniela Niemeyer, Margaux Noyon, Stephanie H. O'Daly, Mark D. Ohman, Jessica L. Pretty, Andreas Rogge, Sarah Searson, Masashi Shibata, Yuji Tanaka, Toste Tanhua, Jan Taucher, Emilia Trudnowska, Jessica S. Turner, Anya Waite, and Lars Stemmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4315–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The term
marine particlescomprises detrital aggregates; fecal pellets; bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton; and even fish. Here, we present a global dataset that contains 8805 vertical particle size distribution profiles obtained with Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) camera systems. These data are valuable to the scientific community, as they can be used to constrain important biogeochemical processes in the ocean, such as the flux of carbon to the deep sea.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Matthew W. Jones, Michael O'Sullivan, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Rob B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Laurent Bopp, Thi Tuyet Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Kim I. Currie, Bertrand Decharme, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Wiley Evans, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Thomas Gasser, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Atul Jain, Steve D. Jones, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Sebastian Lienert, Junjie Liu, Gregg Marland, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Tsuneo Ono, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Clemens Schwingshackl, Roland Séférian, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1917–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2021 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen, Alex Kozyr, Marta Álvarez, Susan Becker, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Richard A. Feely, Steven van Heuven, Mario Hoppema, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Sara Jutterström, Steve D. Jones, Maren K. Karlsen, Claire Lo Monaco, Patrick Michaelis, Akihiko Murata, Fiz F. Pérez, Benjamin Pfeil, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Bronte Tilbrook, Anton Velo, Rik Wanninkhof, Ryan J. Woosley, and Robert M. Key
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5565–5589, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5565-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by the chemical analysis of water bottle samples from scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2021 is the third update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality control, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 989 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2020.
Gerd Krahmann, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Andrew W. Dale, Marcus Dengler, Anja Engel, Nicolaas Glock, Patricia Grasse, Johannes Hahn, Helena Hauss, Mark Hopwood, Rainer Kiko, Alexandra Loginova, Carolin R. Löscher, Marie Maßmig, Alexandra-Sophie Roy, Renato Salvatteci, Stefan Sommer, Toste Tanhua, and Hela Mehrtens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-308, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-308, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The project "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean" (SFB 754) was a multidisciplinary research project active from 2008 to 2019 aimed at a better understanding of the coupling between the tropical climate and ocean circulation and the ocean's oxygen and nutrient balance. On 34 research cruises, mainly in the Southeast Tropical Pacific and the Northeast Tropical Atlantic, 1071 physical, chemical and biological data sets were collected.
Pingyang Li and Toste Tanhua
Ocean Sci., 17, 509–525, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-509-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-509-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of transient tracer distribution provide essential information on ocean ventilation. The use of several commonly used transient traces is limited as their atmospheric mole fractions do not monotonically change. Here we explore new potential oceanic transient tracers with an analytical system that simultaneously measures a large range of compounds. Combined with the known atmospheric history and seawater solubility, we discuss the utility of selected HCFCs, HFCs, and PFCs as tracers.
Mian Liu and Toste Tanhua
Ocean Sci., 17, 463–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-463-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-463-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have characterized the major water masses in the Atlantic Ocean based on the properties found in their formation areas using six properties taken from the GLODAPv2 data product, including both conservative (conservative temperature and absolute salinity) and non-conservative (oxygen, silicate, phosphate and nitrate) properties. The distributions of the water masses are estimated by using the optimum multi-parameter (OMP) model, and we have mapped the distributions of the water masses.
Are Olsen, Nico Lange, Robert M. Key, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Alex Kozyr, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Susan Becker, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Richard A. Feely, Steven van Heuven, Mario Hoppema, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Sara Jutterström, Camilla S. Landa, Siv K. Lauvset, Patrick Michaelis, Akihiko Murata, Fiz F. Pérez, Benjamin Pfeil, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Bronte Tilbrook, Anton Velo, Rik Wanninkhof, and Ryan J. Woosley
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3653–3678, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3653-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3653-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by chemical analysis of water bottle samples at scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2020 is the second update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality control, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 946 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2019.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Corinne Le Quéré, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone Alin, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Selma Bultan, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Wiley Evans, Liesbeth Florentie, Piers M. Forster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Ian Harris, Kerstin Hartung, Vanessa Haverd, Richard A. Houghton, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Vassilis Kitidis, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Zhu Liu, Danica Lombardozzi, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Metzl, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Ingunn Skjelvan, Adam J. P. Smith, Adrienne J. Sutton, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Guido van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3269–3340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2020 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Dagmar Hainbucher, Marta Álvarez, Blanca Astray Uceda, Giancarlo Bachi, Vanessa Cardin, Paolo Celentano, Spyros Chaikalis, Maria del Mar Chaves Montero, Giuseppe Civitarese, Noelia M. Fajar, Francois Fripiat, Lennart Gerke, Alexandra Gogou, Elisa F. Guallart, Birte Gülk, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Nico Lange, Andrea Rochner, Chiara Santinelli, Tobias Steinhoff, Toste Tanhua, Lidia Urbini, Dimitrios Velaoras, Fabian Wolf, and Andreas Welsch
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2747–2763, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2747-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2747-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We report on data from an oceanographic cruise in the Mediterranean Sea (MSM72, March 2018). The main objective of the cruise was to contribute to the understanding of long-term changes and trends in physical and biogeochemical parameters, such as the anthropogenic carbon uptake, and further assess the hydrographical situation after the Eastern and Western Mediterranean Transients. Multidisciplinary measurements were conducted on a predominantly
zonal section throughout the Mediterranean Sea.
Malek Belgacem, Jacopo Chiggiato, Mireno Borghini, Bruno Pavoni, Gabriella Cerrati, Francesco Acri, Stefano Cozzi, Alberto Ribotti, Marta Álvarez, Siv K. Lauvset, and Katrin Schroeder
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1985–2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1985-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1985-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term time series are a fundamental prerequisite to understanding and detecting climate shifts and trends. In marginal seas, such as the Mediterranean Sea, there are still monitoring gaps. An extensive dataset of dissolved inorganic nutrient profiles were collected between 2004 and 2017 in the western Mediterranean Sea to provide to the scientific community a publicly available, long-term, quality-controlled, internally consistent new database.
Daniel Broullón, Fiz F. Pérez, Antón Velo, Mario Hoppema, Are Olsen, Taro Takahashi, Robert M. Key, Toste Tanhua, J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano, and Alex Kozyr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1725–1743, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1725-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1725-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work offers a vision of the global ocean regarding the carbon cycle and the implications of ocean acidification through a climatology of a changing variable in the context of climate change: total dissolved inorganic carbon. The climatology was designed through artificial intelligence techniques to represent the mean state of the present ocean. It is very useful to introduce in models to evaluate the state of the ocean from different perspectives.
Roberta Johnson, Clara Manno, and Patrizia Ziveri
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-53, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-53, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Are Olsen, Nico Lange, Robert M. Key, Toste Tanhua, Marta Álvarez, Susan Becker, Henry C. Bittig, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Richard A. Feely, Steven van Heuven, Mario Hoppema, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Steve D. Jones, Sara Jutterström, Maren K. Karlsen, Alex Kozyr, Siv K. Lauvset, Claire Lo Monaco, Akihiko Murata, Fiz F. Pérez, Benjamin Pfeil, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Maciej Telszewski, Bronte Tilbrook, Anton Velo, and Rik Wanninkhof
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1437–1461, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1437-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1437-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
GLODAP is a data product for ocean inorganic carbon and related biogeochemical variables measured by chemical analysis of water bottle samples at scientific cruises. GLODAPv2.2019 is the first update of GLODAPv2 from 2016. The data that are included have been subjected to extensive quality control, including systematic evaluation of measurement biases. This version contains data from 840 hydrographic cruises covering the world's oceans from 1972 to 2017.
Daniel Broullón, Fiz F. Pérez, Antón Velo, Mario Hoppema, Are Olsen, Taro Takahashi, Robert M. Key, Toste Tanhua, Melchor González-Dávila, Emil Jeansson, Alex Kozyr, and Steven M. A. C. van Heuven
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1109–1127, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1109-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1109-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we are contributing to the knowledge of the consequences of climate change in the ocean. We have focused on a variable related to this process: total alkalinity. We have designed a monthly climatology of total alkalinity using artificial intelligence techniques, that is, a representation of the average capacity of the ocean in the last decades to decelerate the consequences of climate change. The climatology is especially useful to infer the evolution of the ocean through models.
Mian Liu and Toste Tanhua
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2018-140, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2018-140, 2019
Publication in OS not foreseen
Pingyang Li, Jens Mühle, Stephen A. Montzka, David E. Oram, Benjamin R. Miller, Ray F. Weiss, Paul J. Fraser, and Toste Tanhua
Ocean Sci., 15, 33–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-33-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-33-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Use of CFCs as oceanic transient tracers is difficult for recently ventilated water masses as their atmospheric mole fractions have been decreasing. To explore novel tracers, we synthesized consistent annual mean atmospheric histories of HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HFC-134a, HFC-125, HFC-23, PFC-14 (CF4) and PFC-116 in both hemispheres and reconstructed their solubility functions in water and seawater. This work is also potentially useful for tracer studies in a range of natural waters.
James C. Orr, Raymond G. Najjar, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, John L. Bullister, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Scott C. Doney, John P. Dunne, Jean-Claude Dutay, Heather Graven, Stephen M. Griffies, Jasmin G. John, Fortunat Joos, Ingeborg Levin, Keith Lindsay, Richard J. Matear, Galen A. McKinley, Anne Mouchet, Andreas Oschlies, Anastasia Romanou, Reiner Schlitzer, Alessandro Tagliabue, Toste Tanhua, and Andrew Yool
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2169–2199, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) is a model comparison effort under Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Its physical component is described elsewhere in this special issue. Here we describe its ocean biogeochemical component (OMIP-BGC), detailing simulation protocols and analysis diagnostics. Simulations focus on ocean carbon, other biogeochemical tracers, air-sea exchange of CO2 and related gases, and chemical tracers used to evaluate modeled circulation.
Miguel Mallo, Patrizia Ziveri, P. Graham Mortyn, Ralf Schiebel, and Michael Grelaud
Biogeosciences, 14, 2245–2266, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2245-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2245-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Single-celled living calcareous planktic foraminifera data across the Mediterranean Sea suggest that stratification of the surface water column, food availability, temperature, and seawater carbonate chemistry are the main factors controlling their distribution and mass. Increasing temperature, salinity, surface ocean stratification, and trophic conditions could be the causes of reduced abundance, diversity and species-specific changes in calcification in planktic foraminifera.
Leif G. Anderson, Göran Björk, Ola Holby, Sara Jutterström, Carl Magnus Mörth, Matt O'Regan, Christof Pearce, Igor Semiletov, Christian Stranne, Tim Stöven, Toste Tanhua, Adam Ulfsbo, and Martin Jakobsson
Ocean Sci., 13, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-349-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-349-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We use data collected in 2014 to show that the outflow of nutrient-rich water occurs much further to the west than has been reported in the past. We suggest that this is due to much less summer sea-ice coverage in the northwestern East Siberian Sea than in the past decades. Further, our data support a more complicated flow pattern in the region where the Mendeleev Ridge reaches the shelf compared to the general cyclonic circulation within the individual basins as suggested historically.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Anne Mouchet, Nadine Tisnérat-Laborde, Paolo Montagna, Toste Tanhua, Giuseppe Siani, and Philippe Jean-Baptiste
Biogeosciences, 14, 1197–1213, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1197-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1197-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A high-resolution dynamical model was used to give the first simulation of the distribution of natural and anthropogenic radiocarbon (14C) across the whole Mediterranean Sea. The model correctly simulates the main features of 14C distribution during and after the bomb perturbation. The results demonstrate the major influence of the flux of Atlantic water through the Strait of Gibraltar, and a significant increase in 14C in the Aegean deep water during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient event.
Meike Becker, Nils Andersen, Helmut Erlenkeuser, Matthew P. Humphreys, Toste Tanhua, and Arne Körtzinger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 559–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-559-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-559-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The stable carbon isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C-DIC) can be used to quantify fluxes within the marine carbon system such as the exchange between ocean and atmosphere or the amount of anthropogenic carbon in the water column. In this study, an internally consistent δ13C-DIC dataset for the North Atlantic is presented. The data have undergone a secondary quality control during which systematic biases between the respective cruises have been quantified and adjusted.
Björn Fiedler, Damian S. Grundle, Florian Schütte, Johannes Karstensen, Carolin R. Löscher, Helena Hauss, Hannes Wagner, Alexandra Loginova, Rainer Kiko, Péricles Silva, Toste Tanhua, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 13, 5633–5647, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5633-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5633-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen-depleted mesoscale features in the open eastern tropical North Atlantic, which are formed in the Mauritanian upwelling region, were discovered recently. This study examines biogeochemical structure and magnitudes of related processes within these isolated water masses. We found very low oxygen concentrations and strongly enhanced acidity at near-surface depth. Oxygen utilization and downward carbon export were found to exceed known values for this ocean region.
Are Olsen, Robert M. Key, Steven van Heuven, Siv K. Lauvset, Anton Velo, Xiaohua Lin, Carsten Schirnick, Alex Kozyr, Toste Tanhua, Mario Hoppema, Sara Jutterström, Reiner Steinfeldt, Emil Jeansson, Masao Ishii, Fiz F. Pérez, and Toru Suzuki
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 297–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-297-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-297-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The GLODAPv2 data product collects data from more than 700 hydrographic cruises into a global and internally calibrated product. It provides access to the data from almost all ocean carbon cruises carried out since the 1970s and is a unique resource for marine science, in particular regarding the ocean carbon cycle. GLODAPv2 will form the foundation for future routine synthesis of hydrographic data of the same sort.
Siv K. Lauvset, Robert M. Key, Are Olsen, Steven van Heuven, Anton Velo, Xiaohua Lin, Carsten Schirnick, Alex Kozyr, Toste Tanhua, Mario Hoppema, Sara Jutterström, Reiner Steinfeldt, Emil Jeansson, Masao Ishii, Fiz F. Perez, Toru Suzuki, and Sylvain Watelet
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 325–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-325-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-325-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the mapped climatologies that are part of the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project Version 2 (GLODAPv2). GLODAPv2 is a uniformly calibrated open ocean data product on inorganic carbon and carbon-relevant variables. Global mapped climatologies of the total dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, saturation state of calcite and aragonite, anthropogenic carbon, preindustrial carbon content, inorganic macronutrients, oxygen, salinity, and temperature have been created.
Anaid Rosas-Navarro, Gerald Langer, and Patrizia Ziveri
Biogeosciences, 13, 2913–2926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2913-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2913-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The global warming debate has sparked an unprecedented interest in temperature effects on coccolithophores. We show that sub-optimal growth temperatures lead to an increase in malformed coccoliths in a strain-specific fashion and the inorganic / organic carbon has a minimum at optimum growth temperature. Global warming might cause a decline in coccoliths' inorganic carbon contribution to the "rain ratio", as well as improved fitness in some genotypes by reducing coccolith malformation.
Tim Stöven, Toste Tanhua, Mario Hoppema, and Wilken-Jon von Appen
Ocean Sci., 12, 319–333, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-319-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-319-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The article describes transient tracer distributions of CFC-12 and SF6 in the Fram Strait in 2012. The SF6 excess and the anthropogenic carbon content in this area was estimated assuming a standard parameterization of the inverse-Gaussian–transit-time distribution. Hydrographic data were obtained along a mooring array at 78°50’N and a mean velocity field was used for flux estimates.
L. Stramma, R. Czeschel, T. Tanhua, P. Brandt, M. Visbeck, and B. S. Giese
Ocean Sci., 12, 153–167, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-153-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-153-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The subsurface circulation in the eastern tropical North Atlantic OMZ is derived from velocity, float and tracer data and data assimilation results, and shows a cyclonic flow around the Guinea Dome reaching into the oxygen minimum zone. The stronger cyclonic flow around the Guinea Dome in 2009 seem to be connected to a strong Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) event.
A continuous deoxygenation trend of the low oxygen layer was confirmed.
Eddy influence is weak south of the Cape Verde Islands.
S. Walter, A. Kock, T. Steinhoff, B. Fiedler, P. Fietzek, J. Kaiser, M. Krol, M. E. Popa, Q. Chen, T. Tanhua, and T. Röckmann
Biogeosciences, 13, 323–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-323-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-323-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Oceans are a source of H2, an indirect greenhouse gas. Measurements constraining the temporal and spatial patterns of oceanic H2 emissions are sparse and although H2 is assumed to be produced mainly biologically, direct evidence for biogenic marine production was lacking. By analyzing the H2 isotopic composition (δD) we were able to constrain the global H2 budget in more detail, verify biogenic production and point to additional sources. We also showed that current models are reasonably working.
E. Gemayel, A. E. R. Hassoun, M. A. Benallal, C. Goyet, P. Rivaro, M. Abboud-Abi Saab, E. Krasakopoulou, F. Touratier, and P. Ziveri
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 789–800, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-789-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-789-2015, 2015
T. Stöven, T. Tanhua, M. Hoppema, and J. L. Bullister
Ocean Sci., 11, 699–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-699-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-699-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We use a suite of transient tracer measurements from a Southern Ocean sector southeast of Africa collected from 1998 and 2012 to quantify ventilation and change in ventilation. We found that the ventilation can be constrained by an inverse Gaussian transit time distribution north of the Subantarctic Front. We do not find any significant changes in upper ocean ventilation during this time period.
P. Brandt, H. W. Bange, D. Banyte, M. Dengler, S.-H. Didwischus, T. Fischer, R. J. Greatbatch, J. Hahn, T. Kanzow, J. Karstensen, A. Körtzinger, G. Krahmann, S. Schmidtko, L. Stramma, T. Tanhua, and M. Visbeck
Biogeosciences, 12, 489–512, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-489-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-489-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Our observational study looks at the structure of the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in comparison with the less-ventilated, eastern tropical South Pacific OMZ. We quantify the OMZ’s oxygen budget composed of consumption, advection, lateral and vertical mixing. Substantial oxygen variability is observed on interannual to multidecadal timescales. The deoxygenation of the ETNA OMZ during the last decades represents a substantial imbalance of the oxygen budget.
D. Hainbucher, A. Rubino, V. Cardin, T. Tanhua, K. Schroeder, and M. Bensi
Ocean Sci., 10, 669–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-669-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-669-2014, 2014
T. Stöven and T. Tanhua
Ocean Sci., 10, 439–457, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-439-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-439-2014, 2014
K. J. S. Meier, L. Beaufort, S. Heussner, and P. Ziveri
Biogeosciences, 11, 2857–2869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2857-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2857-2014, 2014
P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, V. Artale, G. L. Borzelli-Eusebi, S. Brenner, A. Crise, M. Gacic, N. Kress, S. Marullo, M. Ribera d'Alcalà, S. Sofianos, T. Tanhua, A. Theocharis, M. Alvarez, Y. Ashkenazy, A. Bergamasco, V. Cardin, S. Carniel, G. Civitarese, F. D'Ortenzio, J. Font, E. Garcia-Ladona, J. M. Garcia-Lafuente, A. Gogou, M. Gregoire, D. Hainbucher, H. Kontoyannis, V. Kovacevic, E. Kraskapoulou, G. Kroskos, A. Incarbona, M. G. Mazzocchi, M. Orlic, E. Ozsoy, A. Pascual, P.-M. Poulain, W. Roether, A. Rubino, K. Schroeder, J. Siokou-Frangou, E. Souvermezoglou, M. Sprovieri, J. Tintoré, and G. Triantafyllou
Ocean Sci., 10, 281–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
M. T. Horigome, P. Ziveri, M. Grelaud, K.-H. Baumann, G. Marino, and P. G. Mortyn
Biogeosciences, 11, 2295–2308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2295-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2295-2014, 2014
M. Álvarez, H. Sanleón-Bartolomé, T. Tanhua, L. Mintrop, A. Luchetta, C. Cantoni, K. Schroeder, and G. Civitarese
Ocean Sci., 10, 69–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-69-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-69-2014, 2014
A. Schneider, T. Tanhua, W. Roether, and R. Steinfeldt
Ocean Sci., 10, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1-2014, 2014
F. Ziska, B. Quack, K. Abrahamsson, S. D. Archer, E. Atlas, T. Bell, J. H. Butler, L. J. Carpenter, C. E. Jones, N. R. P. Harris, H. Hepach, K. G. Heumann, C. Hughes, J. Kuss, K. Krüger, P. Liss, R. M. Moore, A. Orlikowska, S. Raimund, C. E. Reeves, W. Reifenhäuser, A. D. Robinson, C. Schall, T. Tanhua, S. Tegtmeier, S. Turner, L. Wang, D. Wallace, J. Williams, H. Yamamoto, S. Yvon-Lewis, and Y. Yokouchi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8915–8934, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013, 2013
T. Tanhua, D. Hainbucher, K. Schroeder, V. Cardin, M. Álvarez, and G. Civitarese
Ocean Sci., 9, 789–803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013
T. Tanhua, D. Hainbucher, V. Cardin, M. Álvarez, G. Civitarese, A. P. McNichol, and R. M. Key
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 289–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-289-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-289-2013, 2013
T. Fischer, D. Banyte, P. Brandt, M. Dengler, G. Krahmann, T. Tanhua, and M. Visbeck
Biogeosciences, 10, 5079–5093, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5079-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5079-2013, 2013
F. Mapelli, M. M. Varela, M. Barbato, R. Alvariño, M. Fusi, M. Álvarez, G. Merlino, D. Daffonchio, and S. Borin
Ocean Sci., 9, 585–595, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-585-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-585-2013, 2013
S. Khatiwala, T. Tanhua, S. Mikaloff Fletcher, M. Gerber, S. C. Doney, H. D. Graven, N. Gruber, G. A. McKinley, A. Murata, A. F. Ríos, and C. L. Sabine
Biogeosciences, 10, 2169–2191, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2169-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2169-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Approach: In situ Observations | Depth range: Surface | Geographical range: Mediterranean Sea | Phenomena: Biological Processes
Springtime contribution of dinitrogen fixation to primary production across the Mediterranean Sea
E. Rahav, B. Herut, A. Levi, M. R. Mulholland, and I. Berman-Frank
Ocean Sci., 9, 489–498, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-489-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-489-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Álvarez, M., Sanleón-Bartolomé, H., Tanhua, T., Mintrop, L., Luchetta, A., Cantoni, C., Schroeder, K., and Civitarese, G.: The CO2 system in the Mediterranean Sea: a basin wide perspective, Ocean Sci., 10, 69–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-69-2014, 2014.
Bach, L. T., Mackinder, L. C., Schulz, K. G., Wheeler, G., Schroeder, D. C., Brownlee, C. and Riebesell, U.: Dissecting the impact of CO2 and pH on the mechanisms of photosynthesis and calcification in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, New Phytol., 199, 121–134, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12225, 2013.
Balch, W. M.: Re-evaluation of the physiological ecology of coccolithophores, in: Coccolithophores – From Molecular Processes to Global Impact, edited by: Thierstein, H. and Young, J. R., Springer, Berlin, 165–190, 2004.
Bakun, A. and Agostini, V. N.: Seasonal patterns of wind-induced up- welling/downwelling in the Mediterranean Sea, Sciencia Marina, 65, 243–257, 2001.
Barcena, M. A., Flores, J. A., Sierro, F. J., Pérez-Folgado, M., Fabres, J., Calafat, A., and Canals, M.: Planktonic response to main oceanographic changes in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) as documented in sediment traps and surface sediments, Mar. Micropaleontol., 53, 423–445, 2004.
Barlow, R. G., Mantoura, R. F. C., Cummings, D. G., and Fileman, T. W.: Pigment chemotaxonomic distributions of phytoplankton during summer in the western Mediterranean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 44, 833–850, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(96)00089-6, 1997.
Beaufort, L., Couapel, M., Buchet, N., Claustre, H., and Goyet, C.: Calcite production by coccolithophores in the south east Pacific Ocean, Biogeosciences, 5, 1101–1117, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1101-2008, 2008.
Beaufort, L., Probert, I., de Garidel-Thoron, T., Bendif, E. M., Ruiz-Pino, D., Metzl, N., Goyet, C., Buchet, N., Coupel, P., Grelaud, M., Rost, B., Rickaby, R. E. M., and de Vargas, C.: Sensitivity of coccolithophores to carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification, Nature, 476, 80–83, 2011.
Berland, B. R., Benzhitski, A. G., Burlakova, Z. P., Georgieva, L. V., Izmestieva, M. A., Kholodov, V. I., and Maestrini, S. Y.: Conditions hydrologiques estivales en Mediterranee, repartition du phytoplankton et de la matiere organique, Oceanol. Acta, 9, 163–177, 1988.
Berman, T., Townsend, D. W., El Sayed, S. Z., Trees, G. C., and Azov, Y.: Optical transparency, chlorophyll and primary pro- ductivity in the Eastern Mediterranean near the Israeli Coast, Oceanol. Acta, 7, 367–372, 1984.
Boeckel, B., Baumann, K. H., Henrich, R., and Kinkel, H.: Coccolith distribution patterns in South Atlantic and Southern Ocean surface sediments in relation to environmental gradients, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 53, 1073–1099, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2005.11.006, 2006.
Brand, L. E.: The salinity tolerance of forty-six marine phytoplankton isolates, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 18, 543–556, 1984.
Brand, L. E.: Physiological ecology of marine coccolithophores, in: Coccolithophores, edited by: Winter, A. and Siesser, W. G., Cambridge University Press, UK, 39–49, 1994.
Broerse, A. T. C., Brummer, G.-J. A., and Van Hinte, J. E.: Coccolithophore export production in response to monsoonal upwelling off Somalia (northwestern Indian Ocean), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 2179–2205, 2000.
Charalampopoulou, A., Poulton, A. J., Tyrrell, T., and Lucas, M. I.: Irradiance and pH affect coccolithophore community composition on a transect between the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 431, 25–43, 2011.
Cortès, M. Y., Bollman, J., and Thierstein, H. R.: Coccolithophore ecology at the HOT station Aloha, Hawaii, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 48, 1957–1981, 2001.
Cros, L.: Planktic coccolithophores of the NW Mediterranean. PhD Thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 181 pp., 2002.
Cros, L. and Estrada, M.: Holo-heterococcolithophore life cycles: ecological implications, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 492, 57–68, 2013.
Cros, L. and Fortuno, J.-M.: Atlas of northwestern Mediterranean coccolithophores, Sci. Mar., 66, 7–182, 2002.
Decembrini, F., Caroppo, C., and Azzaro, M.: Size structure and production of phytoplank- ton community and carbon pathways channelling in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 687–699, 2009.
Dickson, A. G. and Millero, F. J.: A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media, Deep-Sea Res., 34, 1733–1743, 1987.
Dimiza, M. D., Triantaphyllou, M. V., and Dermitzakis, M. D.: Vertical distribution and ecology of living coccolithophores in the marine ecosystems of Andros Island (Middle Aegean Sea) during late summer 2001, Hellenic J. Geosci., 43, 7–20, 2008.
Dugdale, R. C. and Wilkerson, F. P.: Nutrient sources and primary production in the eastern Mediterranean, Oceanol. Acta, Special Issue, 9, 179–184, 1988.
Egge, J. K. and Aksnes, D. L.: Silicate as regulating nutrient in phytoplankton competition, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 83, 281–289, 1992.
Falkowski, P. G.: The role of phytoplankton photosynthesis in global biogeochemical cycles, Photosynth. Res., 39, 235–258, 1994.
Field, C. B., Behrenfeld, M. J., Randerson, J. T., and Falkowski, P. G.: Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components, Science, 281, 237–240, 1998.
Frada, M., Probert, I., Allen, M. J., Wilson, W. H., and De Vargas, C.: The "Cheshire Cat" escape strategy of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in response to viral infection, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 15944–15949, 2008.
Frada, M. J., Bidle, K. D., Probert, I., and de Vargas, C.: In situ survey of life cycle phases of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta), Environ. Microbiol., 14, 1558–1569, 2012.
Gotsis-Skretas, O., Pagou, K., Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M., and Ignatiades, L.: Seasonal horizontal and vertical variability in primary production and standing stocks of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Cretan Sea and the Straits of the Cretan Arc (March 1994–January 1995), Prog. Oceanogr., 44, 625–649, 1999.
Hagino, K., Okada, H., and Matsuoka, H: Spatial dynamics of coccolithophore assemblage in the Euatorial Western-Central Pacific Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 39, 53–72, 2000.
Hagino, K., Okada, H., and Matsuoka, H.: Coccolithophore assemblages and morphotypes of Emiliania huxleyi in the boundary zone between the cold Oyashio and warm Kuroshio currents off the coast of Japan, Mar. Micropaleontol., 55, 19–47, 2005.
Haidar, A. T. and Thierstein, H. R.: Coccolithophore dynamics off Bermuda (N. Atlantic), Deep- Sea Res. Pt. II, 40, 1925–1956, 2001.
Hainbucher, D., Rubino, A., Cardin, V., Tanhua, T., Schroeder, K., and Bensi, M.: Hydrographic situation during cruise M84/3 and P414 (spring 2011) in the Mediterranean Sea, Ocean Sci., 10, 669–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-669-2014, 2014.
Ignatiades, L., Georgopoulos, D., and Karydis, M.: Description of the phytoplanktonic community of the oligotrophic waters of the SE Aegean Sea (Mediterranean), Mar. Ecol.-P. S. Z. N. I., 16, 13–26, 1995.
Ignatiades, L., Gotsis-Skretas, O., Pagou, K., and Krasakopoulou, E.: Diversification of phyto- plankton community structure and related parameters along a large-scale longitudinal east-west transect of the Mediterranean Sea, J. Plankton Res., 31, 411–428, 2009.
Kleijne, A.: Holococcolithophorids from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 17, 1–76, 1991.
Kleijne, A.: Extant Rhabdosphaeraceae (coccolithophorids, class Prymnesiophyceae) from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, ScriptaGeol., 100, 1–63, 1992.
Kleijne, A., Kroon, D., and Zevenboom, W.: Phytoplankton and foraminiferal frequencies in northern Indian Ocean and Red Sea surface waters, Neth. J. Sea Res., 24, 531–539, 1989.
Knappertsbusch, M.: Geographic distribution of living and Holocene coccolithophores in the Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 21, 219–247, 1993.
Kroeker, K. J., Kordas, R. L., Crim, R., Hendriks, I. E., Ramajo, L., Singh, G. S., Duarte, C. M., and Gattuso, J. P.: Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming, Glob. Change Biol., 19, 1884–1896, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12179, 2013.
Krom, M. D., Kress, N., Brenner, S., and Gordon, L.: Phosphorous limitation of primary productivity in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 424–432, 1991.
Langer, G. and Bode, M.: CO2 mediation of adverse effects of seawater acidification in Calcidiscus leptoporus, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 12, Q05001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003393, 2011.
Langer, G., Geisen, M., Baumann, K.-H., Kläs, J., Riebesell, U., Thoms, S., and Young, J. R.: Species-specific responses of calcifying algae to changing seawater carbonate chemistry, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 7, Q09006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC00122, 2006.
Langer, G., Nehrke, G., Probert, I., Ly, J., and Ziveri, P.: Strain-specific responses of Emiliania huxleyi to changing seawater carbonate chemistry, Biogeosciences, 6, 2637–2646, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2637-2009, 2009.
Lasternas, S., Tunin-Ley, A., Ibañez, F., Andersen, V., Pizay, M.-D., and Lemée, R.: Short-term dynamics of microplankton abundance and diversity in NW Mediterranean Sea during late summer conditions (DYNAPROC 2 cruise; 2004), Biogeosciences, 8, 743–761, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-743-2011, 2011.
Leblanc, K., Quéguiner, B., Garcia, N., Rimmelin, P. and Raimbault, P.: Silicon cycle in the NW Mediterranean Sea: seasonal study of a coastal oligotrophic site, Oceanol. Acta, 26, 339–355, 2003.
Lewis, E. and Wallace, D. W. R: Program developed for CO2 system calculations ORNL/CDIAC-105. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis CentreOak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1998.
Mackinder, L., Wheeler, G., Schroeder, D., Riebesell, U., and Brownlee, C.: Molecular mechanisms underlying calcification in coccolithophores, Geomicrobiol. J., 27, 585–595, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451003703014, 2010.
Malinverno, E., Ziveri, P., and Corselli, C.: Coccolithophorid distribution in the Ionian Sea and its relationship to eastern Mediterranean circulation during late fall to early winter 1997, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001346, 2003.
Margalef, R.: Life-forms of phytoplankton as survival alternatives in an unstable environment, Oceanol. Acta, 1, 493–509, 1978.
Martinez, J. M., Schroeder, D. C., Larsen, A., Bratbak, G., and Wilson, W. H.: Molecular dynamics of Emiliania huxleyi and cooccurring viruses during two separate mesocosm studies, Appl. Environ. Microb., 73, 554–562, 2007.
McIntyre, A. and Bé, A. W. H.: Modern coccolithophoridae of the Atlantic Ocean. 1. Placoliths and cyrtoliths, Deep-Sea Res., 14, 561–597, 1967.
Mehrbach, C., Culberson, C. H., Hawley, J. E., and Pytkowitcz, R. M.: Measurements of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure, Limnol. Oceanogr., 18, 897–907, 1973.
Merico, A., Tyrrell, T., and Cokacar, T.: Is there any relationship between the phytoplankton seasonal dynamics and the carbonate system?, J. Marine Syst., 59, 120–142, 2006.
Mohan, R., Mergulhao, L. P., Guptha, M. V. S. Rajakumar, A., Thamban, M., Anilkumar, N., Sudhakar, M., and Ravindra, R.: Ecology of coccolithophores in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 67, 30–45, 2008.
Molfino, B. and McIntyre, A.: Precession forcing of nutricline dynamics in the equatorial Atlantic, Science, 249, 766–769, 1990.
Nejstgaard, J. C., Gismervik, I., and Solberg, P. T.: Feeding and reproduction by Calanus fin- marchicus, and microzooplankton grazing during mesocosm blooms of diatoms and the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 147, 197–217, 1997.
Nelson, D. M., Goering, J. J., Kilham, S. S., and Guillard, R. R. L.: Kinetics of silicic acid uptake and rates of silica dissolution in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, J. Phycol., 12, 246–252, 1976.
Nishida, S.: Atlas of Pacific nannoplanktons, News Osaka, Micropaleonty, 3, 1–31, 1979.
Okada, H. and McIntyre, A.: Modern coccolithophores of the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, Micropaleontology, 23, 1–55, 1977.
Okada, H. and McIntyre, A.: Seasonal distribution of modern coccolithophores in the western North Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Biol., 54, 319–328, 1979.
Okada, H. and Honjo, S.: The distribution of ocean coccolithophorids in the Pacific, Deep-Sea Res., 20, 335–374, 1973.
Oviedo, A. M., Langer, G., and Ziveri, P.: Effect of phosphorus limitation on coccolith morphology and element ratios in Mediterranean strains of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 459, 105–113, 2014.
Pinardi, N. and Masetti, E.: Variability of the large scale general circulation of the Mediterranean Sea from observations and modelling: a review, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoecl., 158, 153–173, 2000.
Probert, I. and Houdan, A.: The Laboratory culture of coccolithophores, in: Coccolithophores: From Molecular Processes to Global Impact, edited by: Thierstein, H. R. and Young, J. R., Springer, Germany, 217–250, 2004.
Psarra, S., Tselepides, A., and Ignatiades L.: Primary productivity in the oligotrophic Cretan Sea (NE Mediterranean): seasonal and interannual variability, Prog. Oceanogr., 46, 187–204, 2000.
Rabitti, S., Bianchi, F., Boldrin, A., Da Ros, L., Socal, G., and Totti, C.: Particulate matter and phytoplankton in the Ionian Sea, Oceanol. Acta, 17, 297–307, 1994.
Rahav, E., Herut, B., Levi, A., Mulholland, M. R., and Berman-Frank, I.: Springtime contribution of dinitrogen fixation to primary production across the Mediterranean Sea, Ocean Sci., 9, 489–498, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-489-2013, 2013.
Ribera d'Alcalà, M., Civitarese, G., Conversano, F., and Lavezza, R.: Nutrient ratios and fluxes hint an overlooked processes in the Mediterranean sea, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001650, 2003.
Robinson, A. R., Leslie, W. G., Theocharis, A., and Lascaratos, A. : Mediterranean Sea circulation, in: Encyclopedia of ocean sciences, Academic Press, London, https://doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0376, 2001.
Rohling, E. J., Abu-Zied, R., Casford, J. S. L., Hayes, A., and Hoogakker, B. A. A.: The marine environment: present and past, in: The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean, edited by: Woodward, J. C., Oxford University Press, Oxford, ISBN: 978-0-19-926803-0, 33–67, 2009.
Sarthou, G., Timmermans, K. R., Blain, S., and Treguer, P.: Growth physiology and fate of diatoms in the ocean: a review, J. Sea Res., 53, 25–42, 2005.
Sverdrup, H. U.: On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 18, 287–295, 1953.
Takahashi, K. and Okada, H.: Environmental control on the biogeography of modern coccolithophores in the southeastern Indian Ocean offshore of Western Australia, Mar. Micropaleontol., 39, 73–86, 2000.
Tanhua, T., Hainbucher, D., Cardin, V., Álvarez, M., Civitarese, G., McNichol, A. P., and Key, R. M.: Repeat hydrography in the Mediterranean Sea, data from the Meteor cruise 84/3 in 2011, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 289–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-289-2013, 2013a.
Tanhua, T., Hainbucher, D., Schroeder, K., Cardin, V., Álvarez, M., and Civitarese, G.: The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue, Ocean Sci., 9, 789–803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013b.
Triantaphyllou, M., Dimiza, M., Krasakopoulou, E., Malinverno, E., Lianou, V., and Souvermezoglou, E.: Seasonal variation in Emiliania huxleyi coccolith morphology and calcification in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean), Geobios., 12th Meeting of the International Nannoplankton Association, Lyon 2008, 43, 99–110, 2010.
Tyrrell, T. and Young, J. R.: Coccolithophores, in: Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2nd Edn., edited by: Steele, J. H., Turekian, K. K., and Thorpe, S. A., Academic Press, San Diego, US, 3568–3576, 2009.
Tyrrell, T., Schneider, B., Charalampopoulou, A., and Riebesell, U.: Coccolithophores and calcite saturation state in the Baltic and Black Seas, Biogeosciences, 5, 485–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-485-2008, 2008.
Vardi, A., Haramaty, L., Van Mooy, B. A., Fredricks, H. F., Kimmance, S. A., Larsen, A., and Bidle, K. D.: Host-virus dynamics and subcellular controls of cell fate in a natural coccolithophore population, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 19327–19332, 2012.
Volpe, G., Colella, S., Forneris, V., Tronconi, C., and Santoleri, R.: The Mediterranean Ocean Colour Observing System – system development and product validation, Ocean Sci., 8, 869–883, 2012
Yacobi, Y., Zohary, T., Kress, N., Hecht, A., Robarts, R., Waiser, M., Wood, A., and Li, W.: Chlorophyll distribution throughout the southern Mediterranean in relation to the physical structure of the water mass, J. Mar. Syst., 6, 179–190, 1995.
Young, J. R.: Functions of coccoliths, in: Coccolithophores, edited by: Winter, A. and Siesser, W. G., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 63–82, 1994.
Young, J., Geisen, M., Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Sprengel, C., Probert, I., and Østergaard, J.: A guide to extant coccolithophore taxonomy, J. Nannoplankton Res., 1, 1–125, 2003.
Ziveri, P., Thunell, R. C., and Rio, D.: Seasonal changes in coccolithophore densities in the Southern California Bight during 1991–1992, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 42, 1881–1903, 1995.
Ziveri, P., Rutten, A., de Lange, G., Thomson, J., and Corselli, C.: Present-day coccolith fluxes recorded in central eastern Mediterranean sediment traps and surface sediments, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 158, 175–195, 2000.
Ziveri, P., Baumann, K. H., Böckel, B., Bollman, J., and Young, J. R.: Present day coccolithophore biogeography in the Atlantic Ocean, in: Coccolithophores: From Molecular Processes to Global Impact, edited by: Thierstein, H. R. and Young, J. R., Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2004.
Ziveri, P., Thoms, S., Probert, I., Geisen, M., and Langer, G.: A universal carbonate ion effect on stable oxygen isotope ratios in unicellular planktonic calcifying organisms, Biogeosciences, 9, 1025–1032, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1025-2012, 2012.
