The density of seawater as a function of salinity (5 to 70 g kg<sup>&minus;1</sup>) and temperature (273.15 to 363.15 K)

Millero, F. J.; Huang, F.

doi:10.5194/os-5-91-2009

Articles | Volume 5, issue 2

https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-91-2009

© Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

Thermophysical properties of seawater

https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-91-2009

© Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 5, issue 2

05 May 2009

| 05 May 2009

The density of seawater as a function of salinity (5 to 70 g kg⁻¹) and temperature (273.15 to 363.15 K)

F. J. Millero and F. Huang

Viewed

Total article views: 18,853 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
6,503	12,038	312	18,853	303	338

HTML: 6,503
PDF: 12,038
XML: 312
Total: 18,853
BibTeX: 303
EndNote: 338

Views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013, article published on 23 Jan 2009)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2013	20	182	3	205
Mar 2013	13	134	5	152
Apr 2013	26	158	1	185
May 2013	12	115	1	128
Jun 2013	14	107	3	124
Jul 2013	22	76	3	101
Aug 2013	14	35	1	50
Sep 2013	35	94	2	131
Oct 2013	29	140	1	170
Nov 2013	26	89	1	116
Dec 2013	17	93	5	115
Jan 2014	21	103	5	129
Feb 2014	22	144	6	172
Mar 2014	28	108	7	143
Apr 2014	20	81	2	103
May 2014	17	93	2	112
Jun 2014	15	118	2	135
Jul 2014	16	111	2	129
Aug 2014	30	124	2	156
Sep 2014	19	187	0	206
Oct 2014	21	291	1	313
Nov 2014	206	294	0	500
Dec 2014	45	226	2	273
Jan 2015	9	127	1	137
Feb 2015	27	52	2	81
Mar 2015	21	56	0	77
Apr 2015	23	65	1	89
May 2015	23	76	1	100
Jun 2015	36	72	1	109
Jul 2015	29	64	0	93
Aug 2015	18	47	2	67
Sep 2015	20	41	2	63
Oct 2015	27	67	0	94
Nov 2015	28	80	0	108
Dec 2015	8	44	0	52
Jan 2016	28	57	1	86
Feb 2016	20	67	0	87
Mar 2016	21	84	0	105
Apr 2016	21	54	0	75
May 2016	14	54	0	68
Jun 2016	10	28	0	38
Jul 2016	12	27	2	41
Aug 2016	13	33	1	47
Sep 2016	12	32	0	44
Oct 2016	9	72	0	81
Nov 2016	9	53	0	62
Dec 2016	12	49	1	62
Jan 2017	13	89	1	103
Feb 2017	10	58	2	70
Mar 2017	40	115	10	165
Apr 2017	28	138	5	171
May 2017	41	145	5	191
Jun 2017	41	130	6	177
Jul 2017	24	118	0	142
Aug 2017	8	125	0	133
Sep 2017	15	155	1	171
Oct 2017	16	143	1	160
Nov 2017	15	134	1	150
Dec 2017	12	109	1	122
Jan 2018	26	99	1	126
Feb 2018	21	125	4	150
Mar 2018	20	158	2	180
Apr 2018	17	145	1	163
May 2018	22	136	4	162
Jun 2018	11	127	1	139
Jul 2018	14	123	2	139
Aug 2018	16	100	1	117
Sep 2018	18	143	1	162
Oct 2018	33	171	2	206
Nov 2018	20	138	0	158
Dec 2018	25	120	1	146
Jan 2019	14	127	1	142
Feb 2019	11	118	0	129
Mar 2019	22	138	1	161
Apr 2019	7	133	0	140
May 2019	16	119	1	136
Jun 2019	10	126	0	136
Jul 2019	23	113	0	136
Aug 2019	45	102	0	147
Sep 2019	41	112	0	153
Oct 2019	45	88	1	134
Nov 2019	35	85	0	120
Dec 2019	44	76	0	120
Jan 2020	45	66	3	114
Feb 2020	39	91	0	130
Mar 2020	34	46	0	80
Apr 2020	41	43	1	85
May 2020	44	38	1	83
Jun 2020	42	59	1	102
Jul 2020	77	80	37	194
Aug 2020	38	25	7	70
Sep 2020	39	34	0	73
Oct 2020	38	38	1	77
Nov 2020	34	29	0	63
Dec 2020	44	26	0	70
Jan 2021	59	29	1	89
Feb 2021	39	33	0	72
Mar 2021	56	25	1	82
Apr 2021	55	40	0	95
May 2021	51	32	1	84
Jun 2021	49	36	1	86
Jul 2021	70	39	1	110
Aug 2021	64	31	0	95
Sep 2021	74	45	2	121
Oct 2021	82	78	0	160
Nov 2021	81	51	2	134
Dec 2021	70	42	1	113
Jan 2022	94	48	1	143
Feb 2022	79	44	3	126
Mar 2022	82	46	0	128
Apr 2022	76	43	2	121
May 2022	77	23	1	101
Jun 2022	50	22	1	73
Jul 2022	48	32	0	80
Aug 2022	53	24	0	77
Sep 2022	83	34	2	119
Oct 2022	79	45	1	125
Nov 2022	124	34	4	162
Dec 2022	67	23	1	91
Jan 2023	76	48	1	125
Feb 2023	63	61	0	124
Mar 2023	49	36	2	87
Apr 2023	15	43	0	58
May 2023	28	40	2	70
Jun 2023	27	35	0	62
Jul 2023	35	35	0	70
Aug 2023	45	29	2	76
Sep 2023	114	62	12	188
Oct 2023	120	55	3	178
Nov 2023	98	27	0	125
Dec 2023	57	32	2	91
Jan 2024	48	39	1	88
Feb 2024	181	113	3	297
Mar 2024	68	47	9	124
Apr 2024	83	82	17	182
May 2024	60	38	3	101
Jun 2024	81	54	2	137
Jul 2024	52	29	2	83
Aug 2024	54	19	3	76
Sep 2024	90	47	1	138
Oct 2024	47	42	2	91
Nov 2024	53	55	3	111
Dec 2024	47	43	5	95
Jan 2025	44	39	1	84
Feb 2025	54	57	4	115
Mar 2025	86	50	2	138
Apr 2025	60	65	3	128
May 2025	65	51	2	118
Jun 2025	95	43	7	145
Jul 2025	49	42	5	96
Aug 2025	58	47	2	107
Sep 2025	96	69	1	166
Oct 2025	67	62	2	131
Nov 2025	81	35	2	118
Dec 2025	23	8	0	31

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013, article published on 23 Jan 2009)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2013	20	182	3	205
Mar 2013	13	134	5	152
Apr 2013	26	158	1	185
May 2013	12	115	1	128
Jun 2013	14	107	3	124
Jul 2013	22	76	3	101
Aug 2013	14	35	1	50
Sep 2013	35	94	2	131
Oct 2013	29	140	1	170
Nov 2013	26	89	1	116
Dec 2013	17	93	5	115
Jan 2014	21	103	5	129
Feb 2014	22	144	6	172
Mar 2014	28	108	7	143
Apr 2014	20	81	2	103
May 2014	17	93	2	112
Jun 2014	15	118	2	135
Jul 2014	16	111	2	129
Aug 2014	30	124	2	156
Sep 2014	19	187	0	206
Oct 2014	21	291	1	313
Nov 2014	206	294	0	500
Dec 2014	45	226	2	273
Jan 2015	9	127	1	137
Feb 2015	27	52	2	81
Mar 2015	21	56	0	77
Apr 2015	23	65	1	89
May 2015	23	76	1	100
Jun 2015	36	72	1	109
Jul 2015	29	64	0	93
Aug 2015	18	47	2	67
Sep 2015	20	41	2	63
Oct 2015	27	67	0	94
Nov 2015	28	80	0	108
Dec 2015	8	44	0	52
Jan 2016	28	57	1	86
Feb 2016	20	67	0	87
Mar 2016	21	84	0	105
Apr 2016	21	54	0	75
May 2016	14	54	0	68
Jun 2016	10	28	0	38
Jul 2016	12	27	2	41
Aug 2016	13	33	1	47
Sep 2016	12	32	0	44
Oct 2016	9	72	0	81
Nov 2016	9	53	0	62
Dec 2016	12	49	1	62
Jan 2017	13	89	1	103
Feb 2017	10	58	2	70
Mar 2017	40	115	10	165
Apr 2017	28	138	5	171
May 2017	41	145	5	191
Jun 2017	41	130	6	177
Jul 2017	24	118	0	142
Aug 2017	8	125	0	133
Sep 2017	15	155	1	171
Oct 2017	16	143	1	160
Nov 2017	15	134	1	150
Dec 2017	12	109	1	122
Jan 2018	26	99	1	126
Feb 2018	21	125	4	150
Mar 2018	20	158	2	180
Apr 2018	17	145	1	163
May 2018	22	136	4	162
Jun 2018	11	127	1	139
Jul 2018	14	123	2	139
Aug 2018	16	100	1	117
Sep 2018	18	143	1	162
Oct 2018	33	171	2	206
Nov 2018	20	138	0	158
Dec 2018	25	120	1	146
Jan 2019	14	127	1	142
Feb 2019	11	118	0	129
Mar 2019	22	138	1	161
Apr 2019	7	133	0	140
May 2019	16	119	1	136
Jun 2019	10	126	0	136
Jul 2019	23	113	0	136
Aug 2019	45	102	0	147
Sep 2019	41	112	0	153
Oct 2019	45	88	1	134
Nov 2019	35	85	0	120
Dec 2019	44	76	0	120
Jan 2020	45	66	3	114
Feb 2020	39	91	0	130
Mar 2020	34	46	0	80
Apr 2020	41	43	1	85
May 2020	44	38	1	83
Jun 2020	42	59	1	102
Jul 2020	77	80	37	194
Aug 2020	38	25	7	70
Sep 2020	39	34	0	73
Oct 2020	38	38	1	77
Nov 2020	34	29	0	63
Dec 2020	44	26	0	70
Jan 2021	59	29	1	89
Feb 2021	39	33	0	72
Mar 2021	56	25	1	82
Apr 2021	55	40	0	95
May 2021	51	32	1	84
Jun 2021	49	36	1	86
Jul 2021	70	39	1	110
Aug 2021	64	31	0	95
Sep 2021	74	45	2	121
Oct 2021	82	78	0	160
Nov 2021	81	51	2	134
Dec 2021	70	42	1	113
Jan 2022	94	48	1	143
Feb 2022	79	44	3	126
Mar 2022	82	46	0	128
Apr 2022	76	43	2	121
May 2022	77	23	1	101
Jun 2022	50	22	1	73
Jul 2022	48	32	0	80
Aug 2022	53	24	0	77
Sep 2022	83	34	2	119
Oct 2022	79	45	1	125
Nov 2022	124	34	4	162
Dec 2022	67	23	1	91
Jan 2023	76	48	1	125
Feb 2023	63	61	0	124
Mar 2023	49	36	2	87
Apr 2023	15	43	0	58
May 2023	28	40	2	70
Jun 2023	27	35	0	62
Jul 2023	35	35	0	70
Aug 2023	45	29	2	76
Sep 2023	114	62	12	188
Oct 2023	120	55	3	178
Nov 2023	98	27	0	125
Dec 2023	57	32	2	91
Jan 2024	48	39	1	88
Feb 2024	181	113	3	297
Mar 2024	68	47	9	124
Apr 2024	83	82	17	182
May 2024	60	38	3	101
Jun 2024	81	54	2	137
Jul 2024	52	29	2	83
Aug 2024	54	19	3	76
Sep 2024	90	47	1	138
Oct 2024	47	42	2	91
Nov 2024	53	55	3	111
Dec 2024	47	43	5	95
Jan 2025	44	39	1	84
Feb 2025	54	57	4	115
Mar 2025	86	50	2	138
Apr 2025	60	65	3	128
May 2025	65	51	2	118
Jun 2025	95	43	7	145
Jul 2025	49	42	5	96
Aug 2025	58	47	2	107
Sep 2025	96	69	1	166
Oct 2025	67	62	2	131
Nov 2025	81	35	2	118
Dec 2025	23	8	0	31

Latest update: 06 Dec 2025

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The density of seawater as a function of salinity (5 to 70 g kg−1) and temperature (273.15 to 363.15 K)

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The density of seawater as a function of salinity (5 to 70 g kg⁻¹) and temperature (273.15 to 363.15 K)