Ocean Science
Ocean Science
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Articles | Volume 21, issue 4
Articles | Volume 21, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1407-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1407-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 21, issue 4
Research article
 | 
21 Jul 2025
Research article |  | 21 Jul 2025

Coupling of numerical groundwater–ocean models to improve understanding of the coastal zone

Jiangyue Jin, Manuel Espino, Daniel Fernàndez-Garcia, and Albert Folch

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Short summary
Coastal zones are crucial ecological areas, yet our understanding of groundwater–ocean interactions remains limited. Ocean and groundwater models typically operate independently, with ocean models ignoring submarine groundwater discharge and groundwater models viewing the ocean as a static boundary. This separation impedes accurate simulations. By integrating these models, we can capture real-time water flow and salt movement while considering factors such as tides.
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Special issue
Oceanography at coastal scales: modelling, coupling, observations,...