Articles | Volume 19, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-305-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-305-2023
Research article
 | 
17 Mar 2023
Research article |  | 17 Mar 2023

Effects of including the adjoint sea ice rheology on estimating Arctic Ocean–sea ice state

Guokun Lyu, Armin Koehl, Xinrong Wu, Meng Zhou, and Detlef Stammer

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Cited articles

AMAP (Arctic Climate Change Update 2021): Key Trends and Impacts. Summary for Policy-makers. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Tromsø, Norway, 16 pp., 2021. 
Comiso, J. C., Parkinson, C. L., Gersten, R., and Stock, L.: Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01703, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl031972, 2008. 
Fekete, B. M., Vörösmarty, C. J., and Grabs, W.: High-resolution fields of global runoff combining observed river discharge and simulated water balances, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 15-1–15-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001254, 2002. 
Fenty, I. and Heimbach, P.: Coupled Sea Ice–Ocean-State Estimation in the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43, 884–904, https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-065.1, 2013. 
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Data assimilation techniques are important for combining observations with numerical models. Here, we approximate the adjoint of viscous-plastic dynamics (adjoint-VP) to replace the adjoint of free-drift dynamics (adjoint-FD) for developing an advanced Arctic Ocean and sea ice modeling and adjoint-based assimilation system. We find that adjoint-VP provides a better ocean and sea ice estimation than adjoint-FD, considering the residual errors and adjustments of the atmospheric states.