Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1163-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1163-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Geostrophic adjustment on the midlatitude β plane
Itamar Yacoby
Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Nathan Paldor
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Hezi Gildor
Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Related authors
Ofer Shamir, Itamar Yacoby, Shlomi Ziskin Ziv, and Nathan Paldor
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2181–2193, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2181-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2181-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The development of atmospheric and oceanic models in spherical coordinates requires a quantitative assessment of the accuracy of the models’ simulations. Such an assessment tool is developed here based on analytic wave solutions of the linearized shallow-water equations. New error measures are employed which are more relevant then formerly employed error measures for the single-mode simulations used in the proposed test case. Code is supplied for calculating the required initial fields.
Nir Haim, Vika Grigorieva, Rotem Soffer, Boaz Mayzel, Timor Katz, Ronen Alkalay, Eli Biton, Ayah Lazar, Hezi Gildor, Ilana Berman-Frank, Yishai Weinstein, Barak Herut, and Yaron Toledo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2659–2668, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper outlines the process of creating an open-access surface wave dataset, drawing from deep-sea research station observations located 50 km off the coast of Israel. The discussion covers the wave monitoring procedure, from instrument configuration to wave field retrieval, and aspects of quality assurance. The dataset presented spans over 5 years, offering uncommon in situ wave measurements in the deep sea, and addresses the existing gap in wave information within the region.
Shai Abir, Hamish A. McGowan, Yonatan Shaked, Hezi Gildor, Efrat Morin, and Nadav G. Lensky
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6177–6195, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding air–sea heat exchange is vital for studying ocean dynamics. Eddy covariance measurements over the Gulf of Eilat revealed a 3.22 m yr-1 evaporation rate, which is inconsistent with bulk formulae estimations in stable atmospheric conditions, requiring bulk formulae to be revisited in these environments. The surface fluxes have a net cooling effect on the gulf water on an annual mean (-79 W m-2), balanced by a strong exchange flux between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Eilat.
Kaushal Gianchandani, Hezi Gildor, and Nathan Paldor
Ocean Sci., 17, 351–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The classical theories of the western boundary currents, proposed in the first half of the 20th century, are extended to include cases of zonally elongated and meridionally narrow ocean basins. Results show for the first time that in basins that are sufficiently narrow meridionally, the equatorward wind-driven transport away from the western boundary is lower than that in meridionally wide basins. Our theoretical results are employed to explain the low transport in the East Australian Current.
Ofer Shamir, Itamar Yacoby, Shlomi Ziskin Ziv, and Nathan Paldor
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2181–2193, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2181-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2181-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The development of atmospheric and oceanic models in spherical coordinates requires a quantitative assessment of the accuracy of the models’ simulations. Such an assessment tool is developed here based on analytic wave solutions of the linearized shallow-water equations. New error measures are employed which are more relevant then formerly employed error measures for the single-mode simulations used in the proposed test case. Code is supplied for calculating the required initial fields.
Daniel R. Hayes, Srdjan Dobricic, and Hezi Gildor
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2016-43, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2016-43, 2016
Preprint retracted
Short summary
Short summary
This research has shown that it is possible to estimate ocean currents more accurately when using autonomous underwater glider observations of ocean temperature and salinity in conjunction with numerical ocean current models. This allows offshore activities to be more safely carried out, since currents can transport pollutants or disrupt operations in unpredictable ways. Using only models is not as reliable as using a merged result of observations and models, which can be done in near real time.
Yosef Ashkenazy, Erick Fredj, Hezi Gildor, Gwo-Ching Gong, and Hung-Jen Lee
Ocean Sci., 12, 733–742, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-733-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-733-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Nan-Wan Bay in Taiwan and the Gulf of Elat in Israel are two different coastal environments, and as such, their currents are expected to have different statistical properties. We find that in spite of these differences, the statistical properties of the surface currents are similar in both basins. Still, surface currents are temporally asymmetric in Nan-Wan but not in Elat; we attribute this difference to the strong tides that exist in Nan-Wan but not in Elat.
Related subject area
Approach: Analytic Theory | Properties and processes: Overturning circulation, gyres and water masses
A thermodynamic potential of seawater in terms of Absolute Salinity, Conservative Temperature, and in situ pressure
Trevor J. McDougall, Paul M. Barker, Rainer Feistel, and Fabien Roquet
Ocean Sci., 19, 1719–1741, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1719-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1719-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A thermodynamic potential is derived, with the temperature argument being Conservative Temperature. All thermodynamic quantities can be derived from this new thermodynamic potential function, and it enables the accurate (to computer machine precision) calculation of the in situ temperature and entropy of seawater. This new thermodynamic potential function adds fundamental thermodynamic justification to the adoption of Conservative Temperature in oceanography in 2010.
Cited articles
Anderson, D. and Gill, A.: Spin-up of a stratified ocean, with applications to upwelling, Deep-Sea Res., 22, 583–596, 1975. a
Björnsson, H. and Venegas, S.: A manual for EOF and SVD analyses of
climatic data, CCGCR Report, McGill University, 97, 112–134, 1997. a
Cahn, A.: An investigation of the free oscillations of a simple current system, J. Met., 2, 113–119, 1945. a
De-Leon, Y. and Paldor, N.: Trapped planetary (Rossby) waves observed in the Indian Ocean by satellite borne altimeters, Ocean Sci., 13, 483–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-483-2017, 2017. a, b
Eshel, G.: Spatiotemporal Data Analysis, Princeton University Press, Princeton, https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400840632, 2011. a
Fang, J. and Wu, R.: Energetics of geostrophic adjustment in rotating flow,
Adv. Atmos. Sci., 19, 845–854, 2002. a
Farnsworth, A., Lunt, D., O'Brien, C., Foster, G., Inglis, G., Markwick, P., Pancost, R., and Robinson, S. A.: Climate sensitivity on geological timescales controlled by nonlinear feedbacks and ocean circulation, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 46, 9880–9889, 2019. a
Farouk, S., Marzouk, A. M., and Ahmad, F.: The Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in Jordan, J. Asian. Earth. Sci., 94, 113–125, 2014. a
Gianchandani, K., Gildor, H., and Paldor, N.: On the role of domain aspect ratio in the westward intensification of wind-driven surface ocean circulation, Ocean Sci., 17, 351–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-351-2021, 2021. a
Grimshaw, R. H. J., Willmott, A. J., and Killworth, P. D.: Energetics of linear geostrophic adjustment in stratified rotating fluids, J. Mar. Res., 56, 1203–1224, 1998. a
Haltiner, G. J. and Williams, R. T.: Numerical prediction and dynamic
meteorology, Wiley, ISBN 9780471059714, 1980. a
Hermann, A. J., Rhines, P. B., and Johnson, E. R.: Nonlinear Rossby
adjustment in a channel: beyond Kelvin waves, J. Fluid Mech., 205,
469–502, 1989. a
Isachsen, P., LaCasce, J., and Pedlosky, J.: Rossby wave instability and
apparent phase speeds in large ocean basins, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37,
1177–1191, 2007. a
Marshall, J., Adcroft, A., Hill, C., Perelman, L., and Heisey, C.: A finite-volume, incompressible Navier Stokes model for studies of the ocean
on parallel computers, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5753–5766, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC02775, 1997 (code available at: https://github.com/MITgcm/MITgcm.git, last access: 1 December 2022). a, b
Matsuno, T.: Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area, J. Meteorol.
Soc. Jpn. Ser. II, 44, 25–43, 1966. a
Paldor, N.: Shallow water waves on the rotating Earth, Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20261-7, 2015. a
Paldor, N. and Dritschel, D. G.: A Lagrangian theory of geostrophic adjustment for zonally invariant flows on a rotating spherical earth, Phys. Fluids, 33, 066602, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0054535, 2021. a, b
Rossby, C. G.: On the mutual adjustment of pressure and velocity distributions in certain simple current systems, I, J. Mar. Res, 1, 15–27, 1937. a
Rossby, C. G.: On the mutual adjustment of pressure and velocity distributions in certain simple current systems, II, J. Mar. Res, 1, 239–263, 1938. a
Rostami, M. and Zeitlin, V.: Geostrophic adjustment on the equatorial
beta-plane revisited, Phys. Fluids, 31, 081702, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110441, 2019. a, b
Rostami, M. and Zeitlin, V.: Can geostrophic adjustment of baroclinic
disturbances in the tropical atmosphere explain MJO events?, Q. J. Roy.
Meteor. Soc., 146, 3998–4013, 2020. a
Tomasson, G. G. and Melville, W. K.: Geostrophic adjustment in a channel:
nonlinear and dispersive effects, J. Fluid Mech., 241, 23–57, 1992. a
Vallis, G. K.: Atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamics, Cambridge University
Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107588417, 2017. a, b, c
Yacoby, I.: Iti154/RSWsolver: RSWsolver (Version v1), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8199724, 2023. a
Short summary
The transition from an arbitrary initial sea surface height to a geostrophic balance in which the velocity is steady was solved last century for constant Coriolis frequency, f(y), where y is the latitude. This study extends the theory to the realistic case in which f(y) is linear with y. We find that the variation in f(y) translates the steady geostrophic state westward as low-frequency Rossby waves that are harmonic in narrow domains and trapped near the equatorward boundary in wide ones.
The transition from an arbitrary initial sea surface height to a geostrophic balance in which...