Articles | Volume 18, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-587-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-587-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Ocean bubbles under high wind conditions – Part 2: Bubble size distributions and implications for models of bubble dynamics
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London,
London, WC1E 7BT, UK
Ian M. Brooks
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT,
UK
Steve Gunn
Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of
Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
Robin Pascal
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Adrian Matei
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London,
London, WC1E 7BT, UK
Byron Blomquist
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences,
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ocean wave measurements for marine renewable energy applications D. Peláez-Zapata et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115828
- Super‐Aerophilic Biomimetic Cactus for Underwater Dispersed Microbubble Capture, Self‐Transport, Coalescence, and Energy Harvesting Y. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202207256
- Bubble fragmentation in turbulent flow and the potential implications of shear structures for bubbles formed by breaking waves U. Drähne et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0232421
- Eight Categories of Air–Water Gas Transfer D. Woolf https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6020027
- Circular Array Fiber-Optic Sub-Sensor for Large-Area Bubble Observation, Part I: Design and Experimental Validation of the Sensitive Unit of Array Elements F. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25206378
- Acoustic Characteristics and Seasonal Variations of Photosynthetic Sounds in Coral Reefs of Dongshan Island, China F. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0137
- A Comparison of Laboratory and Field Measurements of Whitecap Foam Evolution From Breaking Waves A. Callaghan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020193
- Influence of upper ocean bubbles on blue-green laser uplink cross-media transmission R. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.603870
- Experimental study of gas jet-induced aero breakup of suspended bubbles R. Duan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-025-04048-3
- Scaling the Bubble Penetration Depth in the Ocean A. Cifuentes‐Lorenzen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019582
- Future Spaceborne Oceanographic Lidar: Exploring the Effects of Large Off-Nadir Angles on Signal Dynamic Range and Depth Aliasing P. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3545669
- The influence of waves and bubbles on oxygen in the ocean interior P. Rustogi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae612b
- The dominant role of jetting in micron- and sub-micron sea spray produced by bubble bursting: A revised model and comparison with measurements A. Gañán-Calvo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2025.104891
- A Mechanistic Sea Spray Generation Function Based on the Sea State and the Physics of Bubble Bursting L. Deike et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022AV000750
- Ocean bubbles under high wind conditions – Part 1: Bubble distribution and development H. Czerski et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-565-2022
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ocean wave measurements for marine renewable energy applications D. Peláez-Zapata et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115828
- Super‐Aerophilic Biomimetic Cactus for Underwater Dispersed Microbubble Capture, Self‐Transport, Coalescence, and Energy Harvesting Y. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202207256
- Bubble fragmentation in turbulent flow and the potential implications of shear structures for bubbles formed by breaking waves U. Drähne et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0232421
- Eight Categories of Air–Water Gas Transfer D. Woolf https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6020027
- Circular Array Fiber-Optic Sub-Sensor for Large-Area Bubble Observation, Part I: Design and Experimental Validation of the Sensitive Unit of Array Elements F. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25206378
- Acoustic Characteristics and Seasonal Variations of Photosynthetic Sounds in Coral Reefs of Dongshan Island, China F. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.34133/olar.0137
- A Comparison of Laboratory and Field Measurements of Whitecap Foam Evolution From Breaking Waves A. Callaghan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020193
- Influence of upper ocean bubbles on blue-green laser uplink cross-media transmission R. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.603870
- Experimental study of gas jet-induced aero breakup of suspended bubbles R. Duan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-025-04048-3
- Scaling the Bubble Penetration Depth in the Ocean A. Cifuentes‐Lorenzen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019582
- Future Spaceborne Oceanographic Lidar: Exploring the Effects of Large Off-Nadir Angles on Signal Dynamic Range and Depth Aliasing P. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3545669
- The influence of waves and bubbles on oxygen in the ocean interior P. Rustogi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae612b
- The dominant role of jetting in micron- and sub-micron sea spray produced by bubble bursting: A revised model and comparison with measurements A. Gañán-Calvo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2025.104891
- A Mechanistic Sea Spray Generation Function Based on the Sea State and the Physics of Bubble Bursting L. Deike et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022AV000750
- Ocean bubbles under high wind conditions – Part 1: Bubble distribution and development H. Czerski et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-565-2022
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Aug 2026
Short summary
The bubbles formed by breaking waves at the ocean surface are important because they are thought to speed up the movement of gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen between the atmosphere and ocean. We collected data on the bubbles in the top few metres of the ocean which were created by storms in the North Atlantic. The focus in this paper is the bubble sizes and their position in the water. We saw that there are very predictable patterns and set out what happens to bubbles after a wave breaks.
The bubbles formed by breaking waves at the ocean surface are important because they are thought...