Articles | Volume 18, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-511-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-511-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Apr 2022
Research article |
| 22 Apr 2022
| 22 Apr 2022
A newly reconciled dataset for identifying sea level rise and variability in Dublin Bay
Amin Shoari Nejad
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Hamilton Institute, Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
ICARUS, Department of Geography, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
Andrew C. Parnell
Hamilton Institute, Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
ICARUS, Department of Geography, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
Alice Greene
ICARUS, Department of Geography, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
Peter Thorne
ICARUS, Department of Geography, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
Brian P. Kelleher
School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
Robert J. N. Devoy
Department of Geography, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Gerard McCarthy
ICARUS, Department of Geography, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
Related authors
Niloufar Pourshir Sefidi, Amin Shoari Nejad, and Peter Mooney
AGILE GIScience Ser., 4, 37, https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-4-37-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-4-37-2023, 2023
Amin Shoari Nejad, Andrew C. Parnell, Alice Greene, Brian P. Kelleher, and Gerard McCarthy
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-81, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-81, 2020
Publication in OS not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Following the concerns regarding the consequences of global warming and sea levels rise around the globe, we decided to evaluate how Dublin bay, as an important metropolitan area, is getting affected. After analysing the recordings of multiple tide gauges that are measuring sea levels in the bay, we found that the sea level has been rising 10 millimeters per year between 2003 and 2015 in the region. Also according to our estimations, sea level rise has not been negative since 1996.
Piers M. Forster, Chris Smith, Tristram Walsh, William F. Lamb, Robin Lamboll, Bradley Hall, Mathias Hauser, Aurélien Ribes, Debbie Rosen, Nathan P. Gillett, Matthew D. Palmer, Joeri Rogelj, Karina von Schuckmann, Blair Trewin, Myles Allen, Robbie Andrew, Richard A. Betts, Alex Borger, Tim Boyer, Jiddu A. Broersma, Carlo Buontempo, Samantha Burgess, Chiara Cagnazzo, Lijing Cheng, Pierre Friedlingstein, Andrew Gettelman, Johannes Gütschow, Masayoshi Ishii, Stuart Jenkins, Xin Lan, Colin Morice, Jens Mühle, Christopher Kadow, John Kennedy, Rachel E. Killick, Paul B. Krummel, Jan C. Minx, Gunnar Myhre, Vaishali Naik, Glen P. Peters, Anna Pirani, Julia Pongratz, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Sophie Szopa, Peter Thorne, Mahesh V. M. Kovilakam, Elisa Majamäki, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Margreet van Marle, Rachel M. Hoesly, Robert Rohde, Dominik Schumacher, Guido van der Werf, Russell Vose, Kirsten Zickfeld, Xuebin Zhang, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, and Panmao Zhai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2625–2658, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2625-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2625-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper tracks some key indicators of global warming through time, from 1850 through to the end of 2023. It is designed to give an authoritative estimate of global warming to date and its causes. We find that in 2023, global warming reached 1.3 °C and is increasing at over 0.2 °C per decade. This is caused by all-time-high greenhouse gas emissions.
Piers M. Forster, Christopher J. Smith, Tristram Walsh, William F. Lamb, Robin Lamboll, Mathias Hauser, Aurélien Ribes, Debbie Rosen, Nathan Gillett, Matthew D. Palmer, Joeri Rogelj, Karina von Schuckmann, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Blair Trewin, Xuebin Zhang, Myles Allen, Robbie Andrew, Arlene Birt, Alex Borger, Tim Boyer, Jiddu A. Broersma, Lijing Cheng, Frank Dentener, Pierre Friedlingstein, José M. Gutiérrez, Johannes Gütschow, Bradley Hall, Masayoshi Ishii, Stuart Jenkins, Xin Lan, June-Yi Lee, Colin Morice, Christopher Kadow, John Kennedy, Rachel Killick, Jan C. Minx, Vaishali Naik, Glen P. Peters, Anna Pirani, Julia Pongratz, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Sophie Szopa, Peter Thorne, Robert Rohde, Maisa Rojas Corradi, Dominik Schumacher, Russell Vose, Kirsten Zickfeld, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, and Panmao Zhai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2295–2327, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2295-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2295-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is a critical decade for climate action, but there is no annual tracking of the level of human-induced warming. We build on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports that are authoritative but published infrequently to create a set of key global climate indicators that can be tracked through time. Our hope is that this becomes an important annual publication that policymakers, media, scientists and the public can refer to.
Niloufar Pourshir Sefidi, Amin Shoari Nejad, and Peter Mooney
AGILE GIScience Ser., 4, 37, https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-4-37-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-4-37-2023, 2023
Katherine Dooley, Ciaran Kelly, Natascha Seifert, Therese Myslinski, Sophie O'Kelly, Rushna Siraj, Ciara Crosby, Jack Kevin Dunne, Kate McCauley, James Donoghue, Eoin Gaddren, Daniel Conway, Jordan Cooney, Niamh McCarthy, Eoin Cullen, Simon Noone, Conor Murphy, and Peter Thorne
Clim. Past, 19, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The highest currently recognised air temperature (33.3 °C) ever recorded in the Republic of Ireland was logged at Kilkenny Castle in 1887. This paper reassesses the plausibility of the record using various methods such as inter-station reassessment and 20CRv3 reanalysis. As a result, Boora 1976 at 32.5 °C is presented as a more reliable high-temperature record for the Republic of Ireland. The final decision however rests with the national meteorological service, Met Éireann.
Samuel O. Awe, Martin Mahony, Edley Michaud, Conor Murphy, Simon J. Noone, Victor K. C. Venema, Thomas G. Thorne, and Peter W. Thorne
Clim. Past, 18, 793–820, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-793-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-793-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We unearth and analyse 2 decades of highly valuable measurements made on Mauritius at the Royal Alfred Observatory, where several distinct thermometer combinations were in use and compared, at the turn of the 20th century. This series provides unique insights into biases in early instrumental temperature records. Differences are substantial and for some instruments exhibit strong seasonality. This reinforces the critical importance of understanding early instrumental series biases.
David T. Pugh, Edmund Bridge, Robin Edwards, Peter Hogarth, Guy Westbrook, Philip L. Woodworth, and Gerard D. McCarthy
Ocean Sci., 17, 1623–1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1623-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1623-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of sea level, taken manually by reading a tide pole, were carefully taken at a number of locations around Ireland in 1842 as part of the first land survey of Ireland. Our study investigates how useful this type of sea level observation is for understanding mean sea level and tidal change. We find that when carefully adjusted for seasonal, meteorological, and astronomical factors, these data can provide important insights into changing sea levels.
Samuel Tiéfolo Diabaté, Didier Swingedouw, Joël Jean-Marie Hirschi, Aurélie Duchez, Philip J. Leadbitter, Ivan D. Haigh, and Gerard D. McCarthy
Ocean Sci., 17, 1449–1471, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1449-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1449-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio are major currents of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, respectively. They transport warm water northward and are key components of the Earth climate system. For this study, we looked at how they affect the sea level of the coasts of Japan, the USA and Canada. We found that the inshore sea level
co-varies with the north-to-south shifts of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio. In the paper, we discuss the physical mechanisms that could explain the agreement.
Emma L. Worthington, Ben I. Moat, David A. Smeed, Jennifer V. Mecking, Robert Marsh, and Gerard D. McCarthy
Ocean Sci., 17, 285–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-285-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-285-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The RAPID array has observed the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) since 2004, but the AMOC was directly calculated only five times from 1957–2004. Here we create a statistical regression model from RAPID data, relating AMOC changes to density changes within the different water masses at 26° N, and apply it to historical hydrographic data. The resulting 1981–2016 record shows that the AMOC from 2008–2012 was its weakest since the mid-1980s, but it shows no overall decline.
Amin Shoari Nejad, Andrew C. Parnell, Alice Greene, Brian P. Kelleher, and Gerard McCarthy
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-81, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2020-81, 2020
Publication in OS not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Following the concerns regarding the consequences of global warming and sea levels rise around the globe, we decided to evaluate how Dublin bay, as an important metropolitan area, is getting affected. After analysing the recordings of multiple tide gauges that are measuring sea levels in the bay, we found that the sea level has been rising 10 millimeters per year between 2003 and 2015 in the region. Also according to our estimations, sea level rise has not been negative since 1996.
Fabio Madonna, Emanuele Tramutola, Souleymane Sy, Federico Serva, Monica Proto, Marco Rosoldi, Simone Gagliardi, Francesco Amato, Fabrizio Marra, Alessandro Fassò, Tom Gardiner, and Peter William Thorne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-183, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-183, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In situ measurements, including radiosonde observations, are key for the study of climate. However, observations are more often than not influenced by instrumental effects which must be adjusted prior to their usage.
A novel approach, named RHARM (Radiosounding HARMonization), is able to improve quality of global radiosounding profiles of temperature, humidity and wind. RHARM also estimates the measurement uncertainties. This paper discusses the post-2004 radiosounding measurements only.
Ruud J. Dirksen, Greg E. Bodeker, Peter W. Thorne, Andrea Merlone, Tony Reale, Junhong Wang, Dale F. Hurst, Belay B. Demoz, Tom D. Gardiner, Bruce Ingleby, Michael Sommer, Christoph von Rohden, and Thierry Leblanc
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 9, 337–355, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-337-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-9-337-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes GRUAN's strategy for a network-wide change of the operational radiosonde from Vaisala RS92 to RS41. GRUAN's main goal is to provide long-term data records that are free of inhomogeneities due to instrumental effects, which requires proper change management. The approach is to fully characterize differences between the two radiosonde types using laboratory tests, twin soundings, and ancillary data, as well as by drawing from the various fields of expertise available in GRUAN.
Fabio Madonna, Rigel Kivi, Jean-Charles Dupont, Bruce Ingleby, Masatomo Fujiwara, Gonzague Romanens, Miguel Hernandez, Xavier Calbet, Marco Rosoldi, Aldo Giunta, Tomi Karppinen, Masami Iwabuchi, Shunsuke Hoshino, Christoph von Rohden, and Peter William Thorne
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3621–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3621-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3621-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Radiosondes are one of the primary sources of upper-air data for weather and climate monitoring. In the last two decades, technological progress made available automated radiosonde launchers (ARLs), which are able to replace measurements typically performed manually. This work presents a comparative analysis of the technical performance of the ARLs currently available on the market and contribute to define a strategy to achieve the full traceability of the ARL products.
Simon Noone, Alison Brody, Sasha Brown, Niamh Cantwell, Martha Coleman, Louise Sarsfield Collins, Caoilfhionn Darcy, Dick Dee, Seán Donegan, Rowan Fealy, Padraig Flattery, Rhonda McGovern, Caspar Menkman, Michael Murphy, Christopher Phillips, Martina Roche, and Peter Thorne
Geosci. Commun., 2, 157–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2-157-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2-157-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Land and Marine Observations Database aims to produce a comprehensive land-based meteorological data archive and inventory. Data sources contained stations in incorrect locations; therefore, we developed the Geo-locate project, enlisting the help of undergraduate geography students. The project has resolved 1926 station issues so far. Due to the success of the Geo-locate project, we encourage other organizations to engage university students to help resolve similar data issues.
Conor Murphy, Ciaran Broderick, Timothy P. Burt, Mary Curley, Catriona Duffy, Julia Hall, Shaun Harrigan, Tom K. R. Matthews, Neil Macdonald, Gerard McCarthy, Mark P. McCarthy, Donal Mullan, Simon Noone, Timothy J. Osborn, Ciara Ryan, John Sweeney, Peter W. Thorne, Seamus Walsh, and Robert L. Wilby
Clim. Past, 14, 413–440, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-413-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-413-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work reconstructs a continuous 305-year rainfall record for Ireland. The series reveals remarkable variability in decadal rainfall – far in excess of the typical period of digitised data. Notably, the series sheds light on exceptionally wet winters in the 1730s and wet summers in the 1750s. The derived record, one of the longest continuous series in Europe, offers a firm basis for benchmarking other long-term records and reconstructions of past climate both locally and across Europe.
Peter W. Thorne, Fabio Madonna, Joerg Schulz, Tim Oakley, Bruce Ingleby, Marco Rosoldi, Emanuele Tramutola, Antti Arola, Matthias Buschmann, Anna C. Mikalsen, Richard Davy, Corinne Voces, Karin Kreher, Martine De Maziere, and Gelsomina Pappalardo
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 6, 453–472, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-453-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-453-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The term system-of-systems with respect to observational capabilities is frequently used, but what does it mean and how can it be assessed? Here, we define one possible interpretation of a system-of-systems architecture that is based upon demonstrable aspects of observing capabilities. We develop a set of assessment strands and then apply these to a set of atmospheric observational networks to decide which observations may be suitable for characterising satellite platforms in future work.
Hélène Brogniez, Stephen English, Jean-François Mahfouf, Andreas Behrendt, Wesley Berg, Sid Boukabara, Stefan Alexander Buehler, Philippe Chambon, Antonia Gambacorta, Alan Geer, William Ingram, E. Robert Kursinski, Marco Matricardi, Tatyana A. Odintsova, Vivienne H. Payne, Peter W. Thorne, Mikhail Yu. Tretyakov, and Junhong Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207–2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
K. M. Willett, R. J. H. Dunn, P. W. Thorne, S. Bell, M. de Podesta, D. E. Parker, P. D. Jones, and C. N. Williams Jr.
Clim. Past, 10, 1983–2006, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1983-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1983-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed HadISDH, a new gridded global land monthly mean climate montitoring product for humidity and temperature from 1973 to then end of 2013 (updated annually) based entirely on in situ observations. Uncertainty estimates are provided. Over the period of record significant warming and increases in water vapour have taken place. The specific humidity trends have slowed since a peak in 1998 concurrent with decreasing relative humidity from 2000 onwards.
K. Willett, C. Williams, I. T. Jolliffe, R. Lund, L. V. Alexander, S. Brönnimann, L. A. Vincent, S. Easterbrook, V. K. C. Venema, D. Berry, R. E. Warren, G. Lopardo, R. Auchmann, E. Aguilar, M. J. Menne, C. Gallagher, Z. Hausfather, T. Thorarinsdottir, and P. W. Thorne
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 3, 187–200, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-187-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-187-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Bradley, S., Milne, G., Shennan, I., and Edwards, R.: An improved glacial
isostatic adjustment model for the British Isles, J. Quaternary
Sci., 26, 541–552, 2011. a
Bradshaw, E., Woodworth, P., Hibbert, A., Bradley, L., Pugh, D., Fane, C., and
Bingley, R.: A century of sea level measurements at Newlyn, Southwest
England, Mar. Geod., 39, 115–140, 2016. a
Brooks, S. and Gelman, A.: General methods for monitoring convergence of
iterative simulations, J. Comput. Graph. Stat., 7,
434–455, 1998. a
Camaro Garcia, W., Dwyer, N., Barrett, F., Berry, A., Cronin, M., Cusack, C.,
Gallagher, S., Gault, J., Gill, M., Gleeson, E., Hanley, J., Kane, P.,
Lambkin, K., Lawlor, R., Lydon, K., Lyons, K., Martin, D., McCarthy, G.,
McGovern, E., Murphy, C., Nolan, G., Nugent, C., O’Dwyer, B., Ovadnevaite,
J., Quinlan, C., Saunders, M., Silke, J., Smith, G., Thomas, R., Walsh, S.,
Westbrook, G., Eoin, W., and Wilkes, R.: Climate Status Report for Ireland,
Tech. Rep., EPA, https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/climate-change/Research_Report_386.pdf (last access: 20 April 2022), 2021. a
CSO: Central Statistics Office: Population and Migration Estimates April 2020,
https://www.cso.ie/en/csolatestnews/pressreleases/ (last access: 8 September 2021),
2019. a
Dangendorf, S., Marcos, M., Wöppelmann, G., Conrad, C., Frederikse, T., and
Riva, R.: Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea level rise,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 5946–5951, 2017. a
DCC: Dublin City Council: Dublin Coastal Flooding Protection Project, Report
No. 9M2793., Tech. Rep., Report for Dublin City Council, drafted by: Owen Mc Manus, Ian Cooke, John Greenyer, https://www.fingal.ie/sites/default/ (last access: 20 April 2022), 2005. a, b
DCC: Dublin city council: Climate change action plan,
https://www.dublincity.ie/residential/environment/
(last access: 10 April 2022), 2017. a
Devoy, R.: Coastal vulnerability and the implications of sea-level rise for
Ireland, J. Coast. Res., 24, 325–341, 2008. a
Devoy, R. J.: Sea-level rise: causes, impacts, and scenarios for change, in:
Coastal and Marine Hazards, Risks, and Disasters, Elsevier,
197–241, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396483-0.00008-X, 2015. a
Diabaté, S. T., Swingedouw, D., Hirschi, J. J.-M., Duchez, A., Leadbitter, P. J., Haigh, I. D., and McCarthy, G. D.: Western boundary circulation and coastal sea-level variability in Northern Hemisphere oceans, Ocean Sci., 17, 1449–1471, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1449-2021, 2021. a
Edwards, R. and Craven, K.: Relative Sea-Level Change Around the Irish Coast, in: Advances in Irish Quaternary Studies, 181–215, edited by: Coxon, P., McCarron, S., and Mitchell, F., Atlantis Press, https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-219-9, 2017. a
Frederikse, T., Simon, K., Katsman, C. A., and Riva, R.: The sea‐level budget
along the Northwest Atlantic coast: GIA, mass changes, and large‐scale
ocean dynamics, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 122, 5486–5501,
2017. a
Fung, F., Palmer, M., Howard, T., Lowe, J., Maisey, P., and Mitchell, J.:
UKCP18 Factsheet: Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge, Tech. Rep., Met Office
Hadley Centre, Exeter, https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/ (last access: 20 April 2022), 2018. a
Gelman, A. and Rubin, D.: Inference from iterative simulation using multiple
sequences, Stat. Sci., 7, 457–472, 1992. a
Haigh, I. D., Eliot, M., and Pattiaratchi, C.: Global influences of the 18.61
year nodal cycle and 8.85 year cycle of lunar perigee on high tidal levels,
J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 116, C6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006645, 2011. a
Holgate, S., Matthews, A., Woodworth, P., Rickards, L., Tamisiea, M., Bradshaw,
E., Foden, P., Gordon, K., Jevrejeva, S., and Pugh, J.: New Data Systems and
Products at the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level, J. Coast.
Res., 29, 493–504, 2013. a
IMI: Irish Marine Institute website,
https://erddap.marine.ie/erddap/ (last access: 1 September 2021),
2019. a
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L.,
Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Leetmaa, A.,
Reynolds, R., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K.,
Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Jenne, R., and Joseph, D.: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year
reanalysis project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77,
437–471, 1996. a
Kanamitsu, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Woollen, J., Yang, S.-K., Hnilo, J., Fiorino, M.,
and Potter, G.: NCEP–DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2), Bull. Am.
Meteorol. Soc., 83, 1631–1643, 2002. a
Kemp, M. U., Emiel van Loon, E., Shamoun-Baranes, J., and Bouten, W.: RNCEP:
global weather and climate data at your fingertips, Method. Ecol.
Evol., 3, 65–70, 2012. a
Marine Institute: Tidal Observations, Marine Institute [data set], available at: http://www.marine.ie/Home/site-area/data-services/real-time-observations/tidal-observations, last access: 11 December 2021. a
Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger,
S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K.,
Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu,
R., et al. (Eds.): IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers, in: Climate
Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to
the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
Tech. Rep., Cambridge University Press, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf (last access: 20 April 2022), 2021. a, b
Murphy, J., Sutton, G., O'Mahony, C., and Woodworth, P.: Scoping Study to
Assess the Status of Irelands Tide Gauge Infrastructure and Outline Current
and Future Requirements, Tech. Rep., https://www.psmsl.org/train_and_info/ (last access: 20 April 2022), 2003. a
Nerem, R., Beckley, B., Fasullo, J., Hamlington, B., Masters, D., and Mitchum,
G.: Climate change driven accelerated sea level rise detected in the
altimeter era, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115,
2022–2025, 2018. a
O'Connell, G.: Interview on Pat Kenny Newstalk: Is Catastrophic Dublin
flooding inevitable?,
https://www.newstalk.com/podcasts/ (last access: 1 September 2021),
2019. a
OPW: GPRS Stations, OPW [data set], avaiable at: https://waterlevel.ie/, last access: 11 December 2021. a
Orford, J. and Murdy, J.: Presence and possible cause of periodicities in
20th-century extreme coastal surge: Belfast Harbour, Northern Ireland, Glob. Planet. Change, 133, 254–262, 2015. a
Orford, J., Murdy, J., and Freel, R.: Developing constraints on the relative
sea-level curve for the northeast of Ireland from the mid-Holocene to the
present day, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 364, 857–866, 2006. a
Plummer, M. et al.: JAGS: A program for analysis of Bayesian graphical models
using Gibbs sampling, in: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on
distributed statistical computing, Vol. 124, 1–10, Vienna, Austria,
2003. a
Pugh, D. T., Bridge, E., Edwards, R., Hogarth, P., Westbrook, G., Woodworth, P. L., and McCarthy, G. D.: Mean sea level and tidal change in Ireland since 1842: a case study of Cork, Ocean Sci., 17, 1623–1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1623-2021, 2021. a
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Tech. Rep., Vienna, Austria,
https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 21 January 2022), 2022.
a
Shoari Nejad, A., McCarthy, G., Parnell, A. C., Thorne, P., Kelleher, B. P., Devoy, R. J. N., and Greene, A.: Dublin's Corrected Mean Sea Level (1938–2016), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338475, 2021. a
Woodworth, P., Tsimplis, M., Flather, R., and Shennan, I.: A review of the
trends observed in British Isles mean sea level data measured by tide gauges,
Geophys. J. Int., 136, 651–670, 1999. a
Woodworth, P. L.: A note on the nodal tide in sea level records, J.
Coast. Res., 28, 316–323, 2012. a
Wöppelmann, G., Pouvreau, N., and Simon, B.: Brest sea level record: a time
series construction back to the early eighteenth century, Ocean Dynam., 56,
487–497, 2006. a
Short summary
We have collated multiple sources of tide gauge data for Dublin Port, and subsequently corrected them for bias. We have then shown that these corrected mean sea level measurements agree with nearby tide gauges to a far higher degree than the raw data. A longer-term comparison with Brest and Newlyn also indicates overall agreement. Our final adjusted dataset estimated the rate of sea level rise to be 1.1 mm/yr between 1953 and 2016 and 7 mm/yr between 1997 and 2016 at Dublin Port.
We have collated multiple sources of tide gauge data for Dublin Port, and subsequently corrected...
