Mean sea level and tidal change in Ireland  since 1842: a case study of Cork

Pugh, David T.; Bridge, Edmund; Edwards, Robin; Hogarth, Peter; Westbrook, Guy; Woodworth, Philip L.; McCarthy, Gerard D.

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1623-2021

Articles | Volume 17, issue 6

https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1623-2021

© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1623-2021

© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 17, issue 6

Research article

|

11 Nov 2021

Research article |

| 11 Nov 2021

Mean sea level and tidal change in Ireland since 1842: a case study of Cork

David T. Pugh, Edmund Bridge, Robin Edwards, Peter Hogarth, Guy Westbrook, Philip L. Woodworth, and Gerard D. McCarthy

Viewed

Total article views: 3,952 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
2,740	1,108	104	3,952	84	88

HTML: 2,740
PDF: 1,108
XML: 104
Total: 3,952
BibTeX: 84
EndNote: 88

Views and downloads (calculated since 17 Jun 2021)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jun 2021	119	17	2	138
Jul 2021	111	19	5	135
Aug 2021	87	23	2	112
Sep 2021	67	23	7	97
Oct 2021	39	31	0	70
Nov 2021	227	53	3	283
Dec 2021	196	22	1	219
Jan 2022	70	34	2	106
Feb 2022	42	35	3	80
Mar 2022	54	41	0	95
Apr 2022	41	32	1	74
May 2022	30	15	2	47
Jun 2022	16	11	0	27
Jul 2022	26	12	0	38
Aug 2022	54	14	0	68
Sep 2022	46	40	1	87
Oct 2022	33	18	1	52
Nov 2022	59	21	0	80
Dec 2022	41	14	1	56
Jan 2023	41	27	2	70
Feb 2023	24	15	0	39
Mar 2023	49	24	0	73
Apr 2023	25	20	1	46
May 2023	25	14	0	39
Jun 2023	28	19	2	49
Jul 2023	22	23	1	46
Aug 2023	26	19	2	47
Sep 2023	44	26	1	71
Oct 2023	49	24	2	75
Nov 2023	32	9	0	41
Dec 2023	43	15	2	60
Jan 2024	49	22	1	72
Feb 2024	36	31	3	70
Mar 2024	50	37	7	94
Apr 2024	42	15	14	71
May 2024	37	21	5	63
Jun 2024	89	19	3	111
Jul 2024	35	10	5	50
Aug 2024	37	20	2	59
Sep 2024	35	20	2	57
Oct 2024	40	17	1	58
Nov 2024	41	24	3	68
Dec 2024	35	22	2	59
Jan 2025	43	26	0	69
Feb 2025	41	16	1	58
Mar 2025	38	14	6	58
Apr 2025	36	21	0	57
May 2025	70	15	3	88
Jun 2025	168	35	0	203
Jul 2025	52	13	2	67

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 17 Jun 2021)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jun 2021	119	17	2	138
Jul 2021	111	19	5	135
Aug 2021	87	23	2	112
Sep 2021	67	23	7	97
Oct 2021	39	31	0	70
Nov 2021	227	53	3	283
Dec 2021	196	22	1	219
Jan 2022	70	34	2	106
Feb 2022	42	35	3	80
Mar 2022	54	41	0	95
Apr 2022	41	32	1	74
May 2022	30	15	2	47
Jun 2022	16	11	0	27
Jul 2022	26	12	0	38
Aug 2022	54	14	0	68
Sep 2022	46	40	1	87
Oct 2022	33	18	1	52
Nov 2022	59	21	0	80
Dec 2022	41	14	1	56
Jan 2023	41	27	2	70
Feb 2023	24	15	0	39
Mar 2023	49	24	0	73
Apr 2023	25	20	1	46
May 2023	25	14	0	39
Jun 2023	28	19	2	49
Jul 2023	22	23	1	46
Aug 2023	26	19	2	47
Sep 2023	44	26	1	71
Oct 2023	49	24	2	75
Nov 2023	32	9	0	41
Dec 2023	43	15	2	60
Jan 2024	49	22	1	72
Feb 2024	36	31	3	70
Mar 2024	50	37	7	94
Apr 2024	42	15	14	71
May 2024	37	21	5	63
Jun 2024	89	19	3	111
Jul 2024	35	10	5	50
Aug 2024	37	20	2	59
Sep 2024	35	20	2	57
Oct 2024	40	17	1	58
Nov 2024	41	24	3	68
Dec 2024	35	22	2	59
Jan 2025	43	26	0	69
Feb 2025	41	16	1	58
Mar 2025	38	14	6	58
Apr 2025	36	21	0	57
May 2025	70	15	3	88
Jun 2025	168	35	0	203
Jul 2025	52	13	2	67

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 3,952 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 3,803 with geography defined and 149 with unknown origin.

Country	#	Views	%

1

1

Cited

Discussed (final revised paper)

Latest update: 13 Jul 2025

Short summary

Observations of sea level, taken manually by reading a tide pole, were carefully taken at a number of locations around Ireland in 1842 as part of the first land survey of Ireland. Our study investigates how useful this type of sea level observation is for understanding mean sea level and tidal change. We find that when carefully adjusted for seasonal, meteorological, and astronomical factors, these data can provide important insights into changing sea levels.