Articles | Volume 17, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1285-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1285-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Sep 2021
Research article |
| 27 Sep 2021
| 27 Sep 2021
In situ observations of turbulent ship wakes and their spatiotemporal extent
Amanda T. Nylund
Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
Lars Arneborg
Department of Research and Development, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Gothenburg,
426 71 Västra Frölunda, Sweden
Anders Tengberg
Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
Ulf Mallast
Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
Viewed
Total article views: 4,715 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 14 Jul 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,956 | 1,630 | 129 | 4,715 | 109 | 154 | 195 |
- HTML: 2,956
- PDF: 1,630
- XML: 129
- Total: 4,715
- Supplement: 109
- BibTeX: 154
- EndNote: 195
Total article views: 3,667 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 27 Sep 2021)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,433 | 1,144 | 90 | 3,667 | 109 | 110 | 152 |
- HTML: 2,433
- PDF: 1,144
- XML: 90
- Total: 3,667
- Supplement: 109
- BibTeX: 110
- EndNote: 152
Total article views: 1,048 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 14 Jul 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 523 | 486 | 39 | 1,048 | 44 | 43 |
- HTML: 523
- PDF: 486
- XML: 39
- Total: 1,048
- BibTeX: 44
- EndNote: 43
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,715 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,469 with geography defined
and 246 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,667 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,512 with geography defined
and 155 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,048 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 957 with geography defined
and 91 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Assessing the Reliability of ADCP-Derived Echo Intensity Under Variable Scattering Conditions: Roles of Sediment, Zooplankton, and Bubbles J. Seo et al.
- Ship Kelvin Wake Velocity Inversion Method Based on KelvinPointNet in Polarization Images H. Chen et al.
- Sheared turbulent flows and wake dynamics of an idled floating tidal turbine L. Lieber et al.
- Combining multi-source data to investigate vessel wake temperature gradients and dynamic patterns M. Lyu et al.
- Impacts of eutrophication and deoxygenation on the sediment biogeochemistry in the Sea of Marmara İ. Akçay et al.
- DHT-SWNet: Frequency-aware ship and wake detection in multi-source optical remote sensing imagery J. Zhang et al.
- Towards the Investigation on the Efficacy of DES Turbulence Model in Predicting Air Entrained Bubbles Around a Wigley Hull S. Janardhanan et al.
- Hydrographical implications of ship-induced turbulence in stratified waters, studied through field observations and CFD modelling A. Nylund et al.
- Intensification of sediment flux by wind-induced residual currents in a heavily contaminated, micro-tidal bay C. Eun et al.
- Bioluminescence in turbulence: Intermittent straining lights up dinoflagellates P. Kumar & J. Picardo
- Coastal methane emissions triggered by ship passages A. Nylund et al.
- Modelling the impact of present and future maritime transport on marine pollution at an environmentally sensitive coastal ecosystem (Saronikos gulf, eastern Mediterranean) V. Kolovoyiannis et al.
- Impact assessment of ship scrubber effluents reveals adverse effects at realistic environmental concentrations—combining a systematic review of whole effluent ecotoxicological studies with dilution modeling A. Lunde Hermansson et al.
- Measurement of Scattering Properties of Water Body by Using a Multibeam Echosounder System W. Cao et al.
- Quantifying bubble-mediated transport by ebullition from aquatic sediments M. Schwarz et al.
- Ship wake-induced water column mixing and meter-scale seabed erosion in the Baltic Sea J. Geersen et al.
- A tracer study for the development of in-water monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement A. Subhas et al.
- Three-Dimensional Non-Uniform Sampled Data Visualization from Multibeam Echosounder Systems for Underwater Imaging and Environmental Monitoring W. Cao et al.
- Trade-offs and synergies in the management of environmental pressures: a case study on ship noise mitigation K. de Jong et al.
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Assessing the Reliability of ADCP-Derived Echo Intensity Under Variable Scattering Conditions: Roles of Sediment, Zooplankton, and Bubbles J. Seo et al.
- Ship Kelvin Wake Velocity Inversion Method Based on KelvinPointNet in Polarization Images H. Chen et al.
- Sheared turbulent flows and wake dynamics of an idled floating tidal turbine L. Lieber et al.
- Combining multi-source data to investigate vessel wake temperature gradients and dynamic patterns M. Lyu et al.
- Impacts of eutrophication and deoxygenation on the sediment biogeochemistry in the Sea of Marmara İ. Akçay et al.
- DHT-SWNet: Frequency-aware ship and wake detection in multi-source optical remote sensing imagery J. Zhang et al.
- Towards the Investigation on the Efficacy of DES Turbulence Model in Predicting Air Entrained Bubbles Around a Wigley Hull S. Janardhanan et al.
- Hydrographical implications of ship-induced turbulence in stratified waters, studied through field observations and CFD modelling A. Nylund et al.
- Intensification of sediment flux by wind-induced residual currents in a heavily contaminated, micro-tidal bay C. Eun et al.
- Bioluminescence in turbulence: Intermittent straining lights up dinoflagellates P. Kumar & J. Picardo
- Coastal methane emissions triggered by ship passages A. Nylund et al.
- Modelling the impact of present and future maritime transport on marine pollution at an environmentally sensitive coastal ecosystem (Saronikos gulf, eastern Mediterranean) V. Kolovoyiannis et al.
- Impact assessment of ship scrubber effluents reveals adverse effects at realistic environmental concentrations—combining a systematic review of whole effluent ecotoxicological studies with dilution modeling A. Lunde Hermansson et al.
- Measurement of Scattering Properties of Water Body by Using a Multibeam Echosounder System W. Cao et al.
- Quantifying bubble-mediated transport by ebullition from aquatic sediments M. Schwarz et al.
- Ship wake-induced water column mixing and meter-scale seabed erosion in the Baltic Sea J. Geersen et al.
- A tracer study for the development of in-water monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of ship-based ocean alkalinity enhancement A. Subhas et al.
- Three-Dimensional Non-Uniform Sampled Data Visualization from Multibeam Echosounder Systems for Underwater Imaging and Environmental Monitoring W. Cao et al.
- Trade-offs and synergies in the management of environmental pressures: a case study on ship noise mitigation K. de Jong et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
Short summary
Acoustic and satellite observations of turbulent ship wakes show that ships can mix the water column down to 30 m depth and that a temperature signature of the wake can last for tens of kilometres after ship passage. Turbulent wakes deeper than 12 m were frequently detected, which is deeper than previously reported. The observed extent of turbulent ship wakes implies that in areas with intensive ship traffic, ship mixing should be considered when assessing environmental impacts from shipping.
Acoustic and satellite observations of turbulent ship wakes show that ships can mix the water...
